考研阅读理解真题集锦文档格式.docx

1、Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de waals; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were pl

2、aced in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods （and much preferable to cucumbers） So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for

3、 her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to ;accept the slice of cucumber Indeed,

4、the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber （without an actual monkey to eat it） was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-op

5、eration is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sens

6、e of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast. B. justifying an assumption. C

7、. making a comparison. D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement “it is all too monkey” （Last line, paragraph l） implies thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature. C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. D. no animals other

8、 than monkeys can develop such emotions.23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get. B. attentive to researchers instructions. C. nice in both appearance and temperament. D. more generous than their male companions24.

9、 Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbers. B. can be taught to exchange things. C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated. D. are unhappy when separated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys ca

10、n be trained to develop social emotions. B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.passage 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would

11、kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some

12、10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosp

13、here is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never has all the answers .But science doe

14、s provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.” Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting t

15、hat the science about global warming is incomplete, that its Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy n

16、ow. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”. To serve as responsible

17、 stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Vir

18、ginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

19、26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death. B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant. C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life. D. antismoking people wer

20、e usually talking nonsense.27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve asA. a protector. B. a judge. C. a critic. D. a guide.28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” （Last line, paragraph 4） A. Endless studies kill action. B. Careful investigation reveals truth. C. prudent plan

21、ning hinders. D. Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do aboutA. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. B. Raise public awareness of conservation. C. Press for further scientific research. D. Take some legislative measures.30. The aut

22、hor associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking becauseA. they both suffered from the governments negligence. B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former. C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former. D. both of them have turned from bad to worse. passage 4American

23、no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguis

24、t and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr.McWhorters academic spec

25、iality is language history and change, and he sees gradual disappearance of “whom” ,for example, to be natural and no more regranttable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writin

26、g, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form tha

27、t could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the q

28、uestion of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas .He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would