毕业设计外文翻译文档格式.docx

毕业设计外文翻译文档格式.docx

《毕业设计外文翻译文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《毕业设计外文翻译文档格式.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

ProductDesignforDecompositionandIntegration

ABSTRACT

Inthelastfewyears,corporationhasengagedinstudiestoimprovetheirdesignprocesses,rangingfrommarketingtosupport.Recentgovernment,academicandindustrialsectorinitiativeshavesoughtadvancetechnologiesfordevelopingandmanagingproductdevelopmentenvironment.Manycompanieshaveestablishedaconcurrentdesignprocessfortheirproductdevelopmentandhaverecognizedaneedfortoolsinevaluatingthelevelofdecompositionandintegration,whileanalyzingtheimpactonthefinaldesign.Thisarticlewillproposeathree-phasemethodologyfordesignofproductswhileconsideringmodularity,assemblyandmanufacture.

KEYWORDS

Modularity,Grouptechnology,Optimization,Decomposition,Classification

1.Introduction

Modulardesignisadesigntechniquethatcanbeusedtodevelopcomplexproductsusingsimilarcomponents.Componentsusedinamodularproductmusthavefeaturesthatenablethemtobecoupledtogethertoformacomplexproduct.Modulardesigncanbealsoviewedastheprocessofproducingunitsthatperformdiscretefunctions,andthentheunitsareconnectedtogethertoprovideavarietyoffunctions.Modulardesignemphasizestheminimizationofinteractionsbetweencomponents,whichwillenablecomponentstobedesignedandproducedindependentlyfromeachother.Eachcomponent,designedformodularity,issupposedtosupportoneormorefunction.Whencomponentsarestructuredtogether,toformaproduct,theywillsupportalargerorgeneralfunction.Thisshowstheimportanceofanalyzingtheproductfunctionanddecomposingitintosub-functionsthatcanbesatisfiedbydifferentfunctionalmodules.Modularitycanbeappliedintheproductdesign,designproblems,productionsystems,orallthree.Itispreferabletousethemodulardesigninallthreetypesatthesametime.

Modularproductsrefertoproductsthatfulfillvariousoverallfunctionsthroughthecombinationofdistinctbuildingblocksormodules.Inthesensethattheoverallfunction,performedbytheproduct,canbedividedintosubfunctionsthatcanbeimplementedbydifferentmodulesorcomponents.Animportantaspectofmodularproductsisthecreationofabasiccoreunittowhichdifferentelements（modules）canbefitted,thusenablingavarietyofversionsofthesamemoduletobeproduced.Thecoreshouldhavesufficientcapacitytocopewithallexpectedvariationsinperformanceandusage.

Mostdesignproblemscanbebrokendownintoasetofeasytomanagesimplersub-problems.Sometimescomplexproblemsarereducedintoeasiersub-problems,whereasmallchangeinthesolutionofonesub-problemcanleadtoachangeinothersub-problems’solutions.Thismeansthatthedecompositionhasresultedinfunctionallydependentsub-problems.Modularityfocusesondecomposingtheoverallproblemintofunctionallyindependentsub-problems,inwhichinteractionorinterdependencebetweensub-problemsisminimized.Thus,achangeinthesolutionofoneproblemmayleadtoaminormodificationinotherproblems,oritmayhavenoeffectonothersub-problems.

Modularityinproductionsystemsaimsatbuildingproductionsystemsfromstandardizedmodularmachines.Thefactthatawidediversityofproductionrequirementsexistshasledtotheintroductionofavarietyofproductionmachinery,andalackofagreementonwhatthebuildingblocksshouldbe.Thismeansthattherearenostandardsformodularmachinery.Inordertobuildamodularproductionsystem,productionmachinerymustbeclassifiedintofunctionalgroupsfromwhichaselectionofamodularproductionsystemcanbemadetorespondtodifferentproductionrequirements.Rogersclassifiedproductionmachineryintofourbasicgroupsof“primitive”productionelements.Theseareprocessmachineprimitives,motionunits,modularfixtures,andconfigurablecontrolunits.Itisarguedthatifaselectionismadefromthesefourcategories,itwillbepossibletobuildadiverserangeofefficient,automatedandintegratedproductionsystem.

2．OverviewofProductDevelopment

Productdevelopmentisanecessaryandimportantpartoftheactivitiesperformedbyamanufacturingfirm.Duetochangesinmanufacturingtechnology,consumerpreferences,andgovernmentregulations（tonameafewinfluences）,existingproductswillbecomelessprofitableovertime.Thesalesvolumeofatypicalproductstartsslowly,accelerates,becomesflat,andthensteadilydeclines.Althoughtheremaybeafewproductsthatremainprofitableformanyyears,firmscontinuallydevelopnewproductsthatwillgeneratemoreprofits.Productdevelopmentdetermineswhatthefirmwillmanufactureandsell.Thatis,itattemptstodesignproductsthatcustomerswillbuyandtodesignmanufacturingprocessesthatmeetcustomerdemandprofitably.Poordecisionsduringproductdevelopmentleadtoproductsthatnoonewantstobuyandproductsthatareexpensivetomanufactureinsufficientquantity.

Aproductdevelopmentprocessisthesetofactivitiesneededtobringanewproducttomarket.Aproductdevelopmentorganizationincludestheengineers,managers,andotherpersonnelwhomakeprocessandproductengineeringdecisionsandperformtheseactivities.（Notethat,inthispaper,thetermnewproductcoverstheredesignofanexistingproductaswell.）

Becausemakinggooddecisionsrequiresexpertiseandanorganizationofpeoplecanbeexpertsinonlyafewthings,amanufacturingfirmspecializesinacertainclassofproducts.Itfocusesitsattentiononthemarketforthatclassofproducts,thetechnologiesavailabletoproducethatclass,andtheregulationsrelevanttothatclass.

Likeotherpartsofthebusiness,aproductdevelopmentorganizationseekstomaximizetheprofitofthemanufacturingfirmsubjecttotherelevantregulatoryandethicalconstraintsandotherconditionsthatthefirm’sownersimposebasedontheirvalues.Aproductdevelopmentorganizationdoesthisbyregularlyintroducingnewproductsthatthefirmcanmanufacture,market,andsell.Fundamentally,then,aproductdevelopmentorganizationtransformsinformationabouttheworld（e.g.,technology,preferences,andregulations）intoinformationaboutproductsandprocessesthatwillgenerateprofitsforthefirm.Itperformsthistransformationthroughdecision-making（HerrmannandSchmidt,2002）.Becausethedesignproblemishighlycomplex,productdevelopmentteamsdecomposetheproblemintoaproductdevelopmentprocess,whichprovidesthemechanismsforlinkingaseriesofdesigndecisionsthatdonotexplicitlyconsiderprofit.

Thefollowingninestepsaretheprimaryactivitiesthatmanyproductdevelopmentprocessesaccomplish（Schmidtetal.,2002）:

Step1.Identifythecustomerneeds.

Step2.Establishtheproductspecification.

Step3.Definealternativeconceptsforadesignthatmeetsthespecification.

Step4.Selectthemostsuitableconcept.

Step5.Designthesubsystemsandintegratethem.

Step6.Buildandtestaprototype;

modifythedesignasrequired.

Step7.Designandbuildthetoolingforproduction.

Step8.Produceanddistributetheproduct.

Step9.Tracktheproductduringitslifecycletodetermineitsstrengthsandweaknesses.

Thislist（oranyotherdescriptionthatusesadifferentnumberofsteps）isanextremelysimpledepictionthatnotonlyconveysthescopeoftheprocessbutalsohighlightstheinherent（butunquestioned）decomposition.Therearemanyotherwaystorepresentproductdevelopmentprocessesandthecomponenttasks,includingtheuseofschedulesoradesignstructurematrix（SmithandEppinger,2001）.

Manufacturingfirmsunderstandthatdesigndecisions（thoughmadeearlyintheproductlifecycle）haveanexcessiveimpactontheprofitabilityofaproductoveritsentirelifecycle.Consequently,productdevelopmentorganizationshavecreatedandusedconcurrentengineeringpracticesformanyyears（Smith,1997,providesahistoricalview）.Manytypesoftoolsandmethods（suchascross-functionalproductdevelopmentteamsanddesignformanufacturingguidelines）havebeencreated,adopted,andimplementedtoimprovedecision-making.Cooper（1994）identifiesthreegenerationsofformalapproachestoproductdevelopment,allofwhichinvolvedecomposition.

Itshouldbenoted,however,thatdecompositionisnottheonlywaytodescribeproductdevelopment.Asanalternativetodecomposingasystemdesignproblemintosubproblems,Hazelrigg（1996）proposescreatingandrefiningsystemdesignmodelstoexpresshowdetaileddesignvariablesaffecttheoverallsystemperformance.Thisapproachsuggeststhataproductdevelopmentprocesswouldendwithusingthemodeltofindtheoptimaldesign.Hazelrigg（1998）encouragesthistypeofoptimizationbutdoesnotdiscusstheprocessofgeneratingtheprofitmaximizationmodel.

3.AMethodologyforDesignforModularity

Athree-phasemethodologyisproposedforthedevelopmentofcomplexproductsusingthemodularityconcept[1,2].Theproposedmethodologymatchesthecriteriasetbythedesignforfunctionality,assemblyandmanufacture.Someofthemajorbenefitsassociatedwiththismethodologyinclude:

·

Increaseddesignaccuracy,efficiency,andthereuseofexistingdesignfornewprograms.

Potentialforintegrationofthedevelopedmethodologyandtechnologyintotheengineeringdesignactivities.

Modularproductdesignandtheprocessofplanningtheproductionareintegratedinoneoverallengineeringprocessinwhichproductfeaturesaremappedintotheirfeasibleprocess（es）inaonetoonecorrespondence.

Inordertoimplementthisconceptsuccessfully,themannerinwhichthemodulesareselectediscritical.Byestablishingsimpleinterfacesw