英语四级全真模拟试题一及答案Word文件下载.docx
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RobotCarstoDoBattleinDesertRace
When15competitorslinedupinNevadalastyearfortheU.S.DefenseDepartment'
sfirstmillion-dollarrobotrace,hopeswerehigh.Thechallenge:
todriveavehiclewithoutahumandriverorremotecontrolsome150miles(241kilometers)throughtheMojaveDesert.
Butthosehopesquicklywentupinacloudofdustasmostrobotsbarelymanagedtogetoffthestartingline.Thebestperformer,amodifiedHumveebuiltbyengineersatPennsylvania'
sCarnegieMellonUniversity,traveled7miles(11kilometers)beforebreakingdown.
Torobotdevotees(热爱者),however,itwasaminorhiccup.
Nosurprise,then,that43teamsshoweduptotryoutforthisyear'
srace,dubbed(被称作)theGrandChallenge.Forthepastweek,teamsrangingfromgarageenthusiaststowell-fundeduniversityengineershavebeenfine-tuningtheirmachinesatqualifyingroundshereattheCaliforniaSpeedwayinFontana,California.(Watchtherobotsinactioninourexclusivevideo.)
Twenty-threefinalistswereannouncedThursdayforSaturday'
sGrandChallenge.The175-mile(282-kilometer)coursestartsandfinishesinPrimm,Nevada.
Theracepromisestobeeventougherthanlastyear'
srun.But18monthsisaneternityintheroboticsworld,andthetechnologyhasvastlyimproved.
OrganizersbelieveseveralteamshavearealshotoffinishingtheraceinlessthantenhourstoearnthegrandprizeoftwomillionU.S.dollars.
"
Whenthefirstteamoutofthechute(斜道)—Mojavaton,asmallteamoutofColorado—madeitsuccessfullyaroundthe2.2-mile(3.5-kilometer)qualificationcourse,Iknewrightthereandthenthatwehadsomethingspecial,"
saidRonKurjanowicz,thechiefofstaffforthePentagon'
sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA),whichissponsoringtherace.
UnknownCourse
TheaimoftheGrandChallenge,DefenseDepartmentofficialssay,istospurdevelopmentofautonomousgroundvehiclesthatcanoperateindangerousenvironments,suchaswarzones,keepingsoldiersoutofharm'
sway.
AU.S.Congressmandate(训令)requiresthatone-thirdofmilitarygroundvehiclesdrivethemselvesby2015,butthetechnologytomeetthatmandatedoesnotyetexist.
Sothegovernmentlookedtoenterprisingteamstodevelopthetechnologyfordriverlessvehicles,sweeteningitsofferwiththetwo-million-dollarpurse.
Noneofthe23teamsknowswhatliesaheadforthisyear'
srace.DARPAwon'
trevealtheexactrouteuntiltwohoursbeforethestartoftheraceonSaturday.
ButtheobstaclesontheFontanaqualificationcourse-includingasteel—enforcedtunnelthatwipesoutavehicle'
sglobalpositioningsystem—aremadetoresembletherugged,real-lifeconditionsthatthevehicleswillhavetonavigate.
Thevehiclesusesensorssuchaslasers,cameras,andradartohelpthemavoidobstaclessuchasrocksandcliffs.Thecomputer'
sbrainhastofigureouthowtoresolveunexpectedconflicts,likeabouldersittinginthemiddleoftheroad.
ThinkaboutallthedecisionsthatyouandIhavetomakewhenwedrivefromourhousetothestore,"
Kurjanowiczsaid."
Thesevehicleshavetodothesamething,withoutadriver."
AmongthetopcontendersinSaturday'
sraceisTerraMax,amassivetruckoriginallybuiltbytheWisconsin-basedOshkoshTruckCorporationfortheU.S.Marinecorps.
Inlastyear'
srace,TerraMaxmanagedtogoonly1.2miles(2kilometers).TeamleaderGarySchmiedelexpectstodomuchbetterthisyear.Hepointedtothenewall-wheelsteeringfeatureonthetruckasanimportantaddition.
Wecanmovethislarge,15-ton(13.5-metricton)payloadvehicleinaturnthat'
sequivalenttothatofaHumvee,"
hesaid.
Ghostrider
TheresourcesofteamslikeTerraMaxorCarnegieMellonUniversity,whichhastwovehiclesintheracethisyear,areafarcryfromthoseofsomeoftheothercompetitors,includinginventors,electricians,andevenahighschoolteam.
Oneentry,fromaSouthernCaliforniateamofengineers,racers,andhot-rodders,iscalledItCameFromtheGarage.Ithasabeerkeg(小桶)stuckonthebackandanon-offswitchthatsays"
brain."
Mostoftheschoolsandorganizationswe'
reupagainstarejustaccessorizingconventionalvehicles,"
saidteamleaderChris"
C.J."
Pedersen,aformeractor."
Our[vehicle]isacustom-built,21st-centuryhotrod...completewithhoodscoopandexhaustcomingofftheside."
AnthonyLevandowski,aroboticsbuilderfromBerkeley,California,isbackwithGhostrider,theonlymotorcyclerobotinthequalifications.Studdedwithsensorsandcomputers,ittoppled(翻倒)overafter3feet(1meter)inlastyear'
srace.
Levandowski,whohadtopostponehisgraduatestudieswhenhecouldn'
tfindafacultyadvisorwhobelieveditwouldbepossibletobuildthemotorcyclerobot,sayshisvehiclehassomedistinctadvantages.
We'
resmallerandgoalotmoreplaces,"
hesaidwhiletinkeringwiththerobotbeforeanothertrialrun."
realsoalotlessexpensive.Thisbikecostsasmuchasatireorawheelofsomeoftheseotherguys'
machines."
SmartMoney
NeitherGhostridernorItCameFromtheGaragemadethefinalcutthisweek'
squalifyingraces.
However,anothercrowd-pleaser,Cajunbot—ortheRagin'
Cajun—aconvertedall-terrainvehicledevelopedbyateamfromtheUniversityofLouisianainLafayette,did.
ThesmartmoneyinSaturday'
sracemaybeonStanley,aconvertedVolkswagenTouaregmadebyateamatCalifornia'
sStanfordUniversity.Itwastheonlyvehiclethatdidn'
thitanobstacleinthetrialruns.
Evenifnoneofthevehiclesfinishestheracethisyear,DARPA'
sKurjanowiczsaid,theeventhassucceededingalvanizingroboticsdevelopersandpushingthecreationofnewtechnologies.
ThebeautyoftheGrandChallengeisthatitdoesn'
ttellpeoplehowtosolvetheproblem,"
hesaid."
Thecommunityhascomeupwithitsownelegantsolutions."
1.Thepassagemainlydescribestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofrobotcarraces.
2.Lastyear'
srobotraceinNevadawasagreatsuccess.
3.Itisasurprisethatupto43teamscameforthisyear'
sracecalledtheGrandChallenge.
4.ThePentagon'
sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA)issponsoringtherace.
5.TheaimoftheGrandChallengeistospurdevelopmentofautonomousgroundvehicles.
6.GhostriderandItCameFromtheGaragebothmadethefinalcutatthisweek'
7.TerraMaxwillfinishtheraceandwinthegrandprizeoftwomillionU.S.dollars.
8.TheobstaclesontheFontanaqualificationcoursearemadetoresemblethe________________.
9.Theonlymotorcyclerobotinthequalificationsis________________.
10.Theonlyvehiclethatdidn'
thitanobstacleinthetrialrunsis________________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.[A]Atthedepartmentstore.[C]Intherestaurant.
[B]Attheoffice.[D]Inthedrugstore.
12.[A]Themanshouldn'
texpecthertogoalong.
[B]Shedoesn'
tthinkshehasenoughmoney.
[C]She'
llgoeventhoughthemovieisbad.
[D]Themanshouldcountthenumberofpeoplegoing.
13.[A]Shewasn'
treallystudying.
[B]Shehadn'
tfinishedwritingherarticles.
[C]Shehadfurnishedherhouse.
[D]Shecouldwritebeautifully.
14.[A]Theproblemmayhavebeenaverycomplicatedone.
[B]Noonecandoit.
[C]Thewomanthinksthattheproblemistooeasy.
[D]Themancansolvetheproblemhimself.
15.[A]Thejanitoristoobusytodohiswork.
[B]Thesanitaryconditionsofanapartment.
[C]Therelationshipbetweenthejanitorandthetwospeakers.
[D]Thearchitectureofabuilding.
16.[A]Hecan'
tteareitherpieceofcloth.[C]Thepiecesofclotharemadebyasecretprocess.
[B]Hewantspartofeachpieceofcloth.[D]Thepiecesofclothseemidenticaltohim.
17.[A]Tuesday.[C]Thursday.
[B]Wednesday.[D]Friday.
18.[A]Aphotographer'
scamera.[C]Amoviecamera.
[B]Atelevisioncamera.[D]Theman'
sowncamera.
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.[A]Memoriesofarecentstorm.[C]WeatherpatternsthatcanaffectFlorida.
[B]Howstrongwindsdevelopintoahurricane.[D]Planningasummervacation.
20.[A]Latesummerissunnyseason.[C]Latesummerisrainyseason.
[B]Latesummerishurricaneseason.[D]Latesummeriscloudyseason.
21.[A]Windspeed.[C]Watertemperature.
[B]Rainfall.