英语四级全真模拟试题一及答案Word文件下载.docx

1、Robot Cars to Do Battle in Desert RaceWhen 15 competitors lined up in Nevada last year for the U.S. Defense Departments first million-dollar robot race, hopes were high. The challenge: to drive a vehicle without a human driver or remote control some 150 miles （241 kilometers） through the Mojave Dese

2、rt.But those hopes quickly went up in a cloud of dust as most robots barely managed to get off the starting line. The best performer, a modified Humvee built by engineers at Pennsylvanias Carnegie Mellon University, traveled 7 miles （11 kilometers） before breaking down.To robot devotees（热爱者）, howeve

3、r, it was a minor hiccup.No surprise, then, that 43 teams showed up to try out for this years race, dubbed（被称作） the Grand Challenge. For the past week, teams ranging from garage enthusiasts to well-funded university engineers have been fine-tuning their machines at qualifying rounds here at the Cali

4、fornia Speedway in Fontana, California. （Watch the robots in action in our exclusive video.）Twenty-three finalists were announced Thursday for Saturdays Grand Challenge. The 175-mile （282-kilometer） course starts and finishes in Primm, Nevada.The race promises to be even tougher than last years run.

5、 But 18 months is an eternity in the robotics world, and the technology has vastly improved.Organizers believe several teams have a real shot of finishing the race in less than ten hours to earn the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.When the first team out of the chute（斜道）Mojavaton, a small te

6、am out of Coloradomade it successfully around the 2.2-mile （3.5-kilometer） qualification course, I knew right there and then that we had something special, said Ron Kurjanowicz, the chief of staff for the Pentagons Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency （DARPA）, which is sponsoring the race.Unkno

7、wn CourseThe aim of the Grand Challenge, Defense Department officials say, is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles that can operate in dangerous environments, such as war zones, keeping soldiers out of harms way.A U.S. Congress mandate（训令）requires that one-third of military ground vehic

8、les drive themselves by 2015, but the technology to meet that mandate does not yet exist.So the government looked to enterprising teams to develop the technology for driverless vehicles, sweetening its offer with the two-million-dollar purse.None of the 23 teams knows what lies ahead for this years

9、race. DARPA wont reveal the exact route until two hours before the start of the race on Saturday.But the obstacles on the Fontana qualification course-including a steelenforced tunnel that wipes out a vehicles global positioning systemare made to resemble the rugged, real-life conditions that the ve

10、hicles will have to navigate.The vehicles use sensors such as lasers, cameras, and radar to help them avoid obstacles such as rocks and cliffs. The computers brain has to figure out how to resolve unexpected conflicts, like a boulder sitting in the middle of the road.Think about all the decisions th

11、at you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store, Kurjanowicz said. These vehicles have to do the same thing, without a driver.Among the top contenders in Saturdays race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Mar

12、ine corps.In last years race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles （2 kilometers）. Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition.We can move this large, 15-ton （13.5-metric ton） payload vehicle

13、in a turn thats equivalent to that of a Humvee, he said.GhostriderThe resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University, which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the other competitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school tea

14、m.One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer keg（小桶）stuck on the back and an on-off switch that says brain.Most of the schools and organizations were up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles, said

15、team leader Chris C.J. Pedersen, a former actor. Our vehicle is a custom-built, 21st-century hot rod. complete with hood scoop and exhaust coming off the side.Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications.

16、Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled （翻倒）over after 3 feet （1 meter） in last years race.Levandowski, who had to postpone his graduate studies when he couldnt find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantage

17、s.Were smaller and go a lot more places, he said while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. re also a lot less expensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys machines.Smart MoneyNeither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut this

18、weeks qualifying races.However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbotor the Ragin Cajuna converted all-terrain vehicle developed by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.The smart money in Saturdays race may be on Stanley, a converted Volkswagen Touareg made by a team at Californias St

19、anford University. It was the only vehicle that didnt hit an obstacle in the trial runs.Even if none of the vehicles finishes the race this year, DARPAs Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies.The beauty of the Grand C

20、hallenge is that it doesnt tell people how to solve the problem, he said. The community has come up with its own elegant solutions.1. The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.2. Last years robot race in Nevada was a great success.3. It is a surprise that up to

21、 43 teams came for this years race called the Grand Challenge.4. The Pentagons Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency（DARPA） is sponsoring the race.5. The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.6. Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final

22、cut at this week7. TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.8. The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the _.9. The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is _.10. The only vehicle that didnt hit an obstacle in the trial ru

23、ns is _.Part III Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）Section A In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. Af

24、ter each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A At the department store. C In the restaurant.B At the

25、office. D In the drug store.12. A The man shouldnt expect her to go along.B She doesnt think she has enough money.C Shell go even though the movie is bad.D The man should count the number of people going.13. A She wasnt really studying.B She hadnt finished writing her articles.C She had furnished he

26、r house.D She could write beautifully.14. A The problem may have been a very complicated one.B No one can do it.C The woman thinks that the problem is too easy.D The man can solve the problem himself.15. A The janitor is too busy to do his work.B The sanitary conditions of an apartment.C The relatio

27、nship between the janitor and the two speakers.D The architecture of a building.16. A He cant tear either piece of cloth. C The pieces of cloth are made by a secret process.B He wants part of each piece of cloth. D The pieces of cloth seem identical to him.17. A Tuesday. C Thursday.B Wednesday. D Fr

28、iday.18. A A photographers camera. C A movie camera.B A television camera. D The mans own camera.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A Memories of a recent storm. C Weather patterns that can affect Florida.B How strong winds develop into a hurricane. D Planning a summer vacation.20. A Late summer is sunny season. C Late summer is rainy season.B Late summer is hurricane season. D Late summer is cloudy season.21. A Wind speed. C Water temperature.B Rainfall.