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SmithD
期刊:
Economics&
Management,2016年,第5卷,第5期,pp:
31-41.
原文Theresearchofmanagementaccountingbasedonthevaluechain
SmithDAbstract
Sincethe20thcentury,theemergenceanddevelopmentofmanagementaccounting,notonlyenrichedthecontentoftheaccountingdiscipline,changedpeople'
sconceptofaccounting,alsomarkstheaccountingdisciplinehasenteredanewperiodofdevelopment,becomeanimportantpartofenterprisemanagement.Inordertobetterunderstandthemanagementaccounting,graspitsfuturedevelopment,fromtheperspectiveofvaluechain,reviewtheevolutionofmanagementaccounting,managementaccountingsystemwillnotonlyhelptoexploreresearchandoptimizingthevalue-addedprocess,expandthefieldofvisionofresearch,themanagementaccountingtothedevelopmentandimprovementofmanagementaccountingdisciplineconstructiontoprovideascientifictrainofthoughtandconception,butalsocanexpandthespacefortheresearchofthemanagementaccounting,topromotethepracticeandapplicationofmanagementaccountinginenterprisemanagement.
Keywords:
Managementaccounting;
Valuechain;
Valuestreamstrategy1Introduction
Porter,Michaele.Porter)firstproposedtheconceptofvaluechain,andinthepastnearly20yearsobtainedtheverybigdevelopment,islistedasoneofmodernadvancedmanagementideas,becometheeffectivetoolofcompetitiveadvantage,theenterprisefinancialmanagementandmanagementaccountinghasalargereffect.
Porter'
svaluechainisoftenconsideredinthetraditionalsenseofthevaluechain,afavortoasingleenterprise'
spointofviewtoanalyzethevalueactivitiesofenterprise,theenterprisewithsuppliersandcustomerscanconnect,aswellasenterprisegaincompetitiveadvantage.Intheoriginalbasedonmanufacturingindustry'
spointofview,thevaluechainisseenasaseriesofactivitiescompletedina
row,therawmaterialsareconvertedintoaseriesofprocessofthefinalproduct.Pointofthevaluechainasanewvaluechaingroup’sworktogetherinaseriesoftechnologicalprocess,constantinnovationinacertainway,createvalueforcustomers.Thoughtthatthedevelopmentoftheenterprisevaluechainisnotonlyaddvalue,buttocreatevalue.Inthevaluechainsystem,thedifferenteconomicactivityunit(),suppliers,businesspartnersandcustomersbycooperatingtogethercreatevalue,andisnolongerrestrictedtotheproductitselfworthofmaterialtransformation.Later,JohnShankdescribedabroaderthanporter'
svaluechain.Theybelievethatanyenterpriseshouldputtheirownvaluechainintheindustryasawholetoconsider,lookatthevaluechain.Itincludesfromtheinitialrawmaterialsuntilthefinalproductforthesuppliertothewholeprocessoftheuser.Atthesametime,enterprisesinthevaluechainmustbethesameorsimilarpositioncarryonthefullanalysisofcompetitors,andcandevelop,maintainandenhancethecompetitiveadvantageofenterprisesreasonablestrategy.Theirstrategiccostvaluechainanalysisthoughthasenrichedthecontentofstrategicmanagementaccounting.Ifanenterpriseoraindustry,asavaluechainanalysisofcompetitorsandcustomersareveryuseful,butlookfromtheneedsofenterpriseinternalmicroscopicmanagement,tothecomprehensiveperspectiveduringtheprocessofenterprisevaluecreation.Sowillthebusinessactivitiesofenterprisesmustbedecomposed,generallycanbedividedintoanumberofvaluecreationactivities.Fromtherawmaterialsupplythroughmanufacturingtoproductsaleandthepost-saleserviceandsoonaseriesofrelatedactivities,usingtheexplorationandanalysisonweaknessesinordertofindouttheenterpriseitself,andthentakeatargetedstrategyandtacticstoresolvetheexistingdisadvantage,makewholeoptimalallocationandeffectiveuseofresources,soastocreatemorewealthforshareholdersandstakeholders.Potteristhefirsttousethemethodof"
valuechain"
toanalysisenterprise,tryingtosolvetheproblemofcompetitionstrategyandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.MountainandGregoryporter'
svaluechainconceptfordareandatthesametime,alsomadeacertaindevelopmentintermsofstrategicanalysis,anddemonstratedthroughthevaluechainanalysiscanbederivedwithenterprise'
sdevelopmentstrategy,andthatthestrategy
willbetheestablishmentoftheenterprisecostmanagementmodehaveasignificantimpact.
2Thevaluechaininfluenceonmanagementaccounting
Michaelportereveryenterpriseisusedforthedesign,production,sale,deliveryandcollectionforproductvariousassignmentsinasupplementaryrole,allthesejobscanbeexpressedinthevaluechain."
Thoughtisthecoreofvaluechainbasedonproductvalueformationofthejobmanagement,taketargetedmeasurestoeliminatevalue-addedhomework,maximizethevalueoftheenterprisemanagementefficiency,tomaintainandcreatethesustainablecompetitiveadvantageoftheenterprise.
Usually,theenterpriseinternalvaluechainisthreetypesofvaluechain,verticalvaluechainandhorizontalvaluechain.Enterpriseistheenterpriseinternalvaluechaininthewholeprocessofproductionandbusinessoperationactivitiestocreatevalueforcustomersofbasicactivitiesandauxiliaryactivities.Althoughauxiliaryactivitiesnotdirectlyinvolvedintheprocessofenterprisestoprovidegoodsorservices,butitcanhelpenterprisestoimprovetheefficiencyofcreatingvalue.
Verticalvaluechainistoconnectcompanieswithsuppliersandcustomersofthevaluechain,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,thechangeofenvironment,enterprisesshouldchoosethemostcompetitiveinthevaluechainlink,gainprofessionalcompetitiveadvantage.Horizontalvaluechainisinthesamepositionontheverticalvaluechainformedalinkbetweenbusinesses,"
thisconnectioncanfindnoobviouscontact,butitdoesexist.Thiskindofpracticeformanindustry,theinternalconnectionofthelinkrolewithineachenterprisecandecidetheresultoftheindustrybetweentherelativecompetitivepositions"
.Mainlyisembodiedinthecompetitionofvaluechain.Managementaccountingbothbelongtoenterprisevalue-addedprocessauxiliaryactivity,atthesametimecanberealizedthroughthefunctionofmanagementaccountingitselftotheenterpriseinternalvaluechainoptimization,helpenterprisestoimprovetheconnectionbetweenthevariousvalueactivitiesandmakethemtendtobecoordinated.Longitudinalextendstheconceptofvaluechainmanagementaccountingperspective,theenterprise,suppliersandcustomersasorganismsthatlivetogetherinthesamevaluechainmanagement
accountingcantakeadvantageofitsuniquetechnologyandmethodtoselectthevaluechainupstreamanddownstreamenterprisesandsaleschannels,cuttingoftherealizationofthevaluechainandtobuild,tocreateenterprise'
scompetitiveadvantage.Atthesametime,theuseofindustryvaluechainanalysistounderstandthecompetitionsituationandenterprisesarefacedwiththeproblem,clearlycomparedwithcompetitors,thecostofenterpriseandtakesomecorrespondingmeasurestoeliminatethecostdisadvantage,maintainandcreatecostadvantages,obtaingreaterthanitscompetitorsmorelastingcompetitiveness.Therefore,aftertheintroductionofconceptofvaluechain,makemanagementaccountingdisciplineresearchintime,space,depthofthreedimensionshavebeenimprovementandextensionofthesystem.3Thefuturedevelopmentofmanagementaccounting
Thedevelopmentofmanagementaccountingproblemshasalwaysbeenthefocusofacademiccircles,inviewofthefactorsinfluencethedevelopment,theoryfromtheeconomicenvironment,managementtheoryandscienceandtechnology,etcareconductedin-depthdiscussion,butfromtheperspectiveofvaluechainanalysisisstillablank.Inthisarticle,throughtheanalysisofvaluechainthoughtandperspectivetothestudyoftheevolutionofmanagementaccountingbasedonvaluechainenablesustoprovideinstructiveforthefuturedirectionofthemanagementaccountingandthedevelopmentoftheoreticalguidance.
3.1Thedevelopmentthemeofmanagementaccounting
Throughoutthe20thcenturythedevelopmentofmanagementaccounting,managementaccountingalongtheefficiencyandbenefitandValuechainoptimizationoftrajectory,thetrajectoryaroundbasically"
value-added"
(Value-added)thistopic.
Fromtheperspectiveofvaluechainmanagementthataccountingisbyincreasingthequalityofthevariousvalueactivitiesandcoordinatetheconnectionbetweenthemtobringvalue-addedbusinessorganization.Inthe21stcentury,fromtheperspectiveofvaluechainofpeoplecometorealizethatvalueaddedisthebreakthroughpointoftheenterprisetoobtaincompetitiveadvantage,morefar-reachingthancompetitiveadvantageistheCoreofenterprisedevelopmentability(CoreCompetence),itistheenterpriseunique,maketheenterprisecantakealeadon
arangeofproductsandserviceshavetorelyonthekeyability,isakindofcomplextechnologyandskills.
Corecompetencecanbeturnedintobrand,technicalknow-how,services,expertise,innovation,managementexpertiseandmarketnetwork,etc.Thecorecompetenceisnotenterprisecanhavefromthestart,butcultivatedintheprocessofmanagement,focusoninternalmanagementservicefortheenterprisemanagementaccountingwillplaysanimportantroleforcultivatingthecorecompetitivenessofenterprises.First,managementaccountingcanindirectlyshapetheenterprise'
scorecompetitiveness.
Basedontheperspectiveofvaluechainmanagementaccountingmethodsintheserviceoftechnologyresearchanddevelopme