高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题12Word格式.docx

高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题12Word格式.docx

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B.Smogcrisistriesthelimitsofpeople’spatience

C.SmoggyChinesecitiestocleartheair

D.Dustmasksbecomehotsellers

69.Theunderlinedword“suspending”inParagraph4canbereplacedby________.

A.encouragingB.stoppingC.continuingD.expanding

70.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat_________.

A.Chinaistheonlycountrysufferingfromsmog

B.environmentalprofessionalsbelievetheairqualitywillsoonbeimprovedwiththesemeasures

C.assessmentsbasedonGDPalonewereharmfultoenvironmentalprotection

D.Xi’anwasthemostpollutedcityinChina

71.WhatXiaoHangsaidindicates_____________.

A.Londonstillhasseriousairpollutionafter50yearsofeffort

B.thedevelopmentofChinaismoreimportant

C.solvingenvironmentalproblemsrequiresgreateffort

D.it’snormalforChinatohaveenvironmentalproblems

【参考答案】68~71CBCC

阅读理解课堂练学案（30）

PassageThirty-four

（TheRelationshipbetweenBrainProcesswithMentalExperience）

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,tasteandcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy,However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;

however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerverigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,but,rather,thedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticalasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,postureandpressureapparentlymayarisethroughactivationofthesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitation:

itisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1. 

Upuntil1950,effortstoestablishthatbrainprocessesandmentalexperiencearerelatedwouldmostlikelyhavebeenmetwith

[A].vexation. 

.irritability. 

[C].discouragement 

[D].neutrality

2. 

Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”primarilyinordertoemphasizethe

[A].lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings.

.similaritiesintheviewsofthescientists.

[C].similarityofsensationsofhumanbeings.

[D].continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem.

3. 

Whichofthefollowingtheoriesisreinforcedbythedepictionoftheexperimentinlines16—19?

[A].Cognitiveexperiencemanifestedbysensorynerveimpulsesareinfluencedbytheareaofthebrainstimulated.

.Qualitativediversityinnervepotentialscannowbestudiedmoreaccurately.

[C].Sensorystimuliareheterogeneousandaregreatlyinfluencedbythenervesensorstheyproduce.

[D].Differentiationinneuralmodalitiesinfluencesthelengthofnervetransmissions.

4. 

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?

[A].Nervecells. 

.Nerveimpulses.

[C].Corticalareas. 

[C].Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses.

Vocabulary

mentalexperiences 

精神感受

discharge 

释放

negligible 

微小的，可以忽略不计的

manifold 

多种多样的，多方面

5. 

neuron 

神经元/细胞

6. 

neural 

（中枢）神经的（系统）

7. 

qualitativediversity 

质的多样性，量变的

8. 

disprove 

反驳，反证

9. 

homogeneous 

相似的

10. 

sensorynerve 

感觉神经

11. 

cortical 

外皮的，皮质的

12. 

cerebralcortex 

大脑皮层

13. 

locus 

地点，区域

14. 

psychoneural 

精神神经

15. 

heterogeneous 

异源的，异种的，异体的

16. 

spatiotenporal 

时空的

难句译注

Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

[结构分析]句型为such…as可as具有关系代词作用，此处作从句中hadbeendemonstrated的主语。

[参考译文]神经细胞中所显示的诸如在尺寸，形状，化学，神经脉冲中传导速度，激发界限等方面的那种变化差异对多方面的精神感受可能有联系来说仍然意义不大。

Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;

however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.

[参考译文]有可能用其他办法来显示神经类型之间细微的结构差异。

可是，缺乏证据证实脉冲的或者其脉冲传导的质量受这些差别的影响。

相反，这种质量看起来它却影响了中枢神经循环的进展模式。

Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.

[结构分析]主从句。

后面跟解释性同位语：

thatis……。

[参考译文]在一个实验中，当电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某个感觉部位，它对这个特定部位产生一种恰如其分的感觉道，也就是说，视觉来自视觉皮层，听觉来自听皮层，以此类推。

Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

[参考译文]其他实验揭示了神经细胞在尺寸，数目，排列和相互联结上的细微变化。

可是，就精神神经相互关系而论，这些感觉部位相互之间明显的相似性似乎比任何细微差异更为明显多。

Inshort,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.

[参考译文]总之，大脑理论说明精神感觉和相对相似的神经细胞单位的活动有关系。

这种活动通过相似的大脑皮层组织传导的基本相似的脉冲。

写作方法与文章大意

文章是对“大脑神经活动和精神感受关系的探讨。

”采用时空写法。

先从1