高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题12Word格式.docx

1、 B. Smog crisis tries the limits of peoples patience C. Smoggy Chinese cities to clear the air D. Dust masks become hot sellers69. The underlined word “suspending” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by _. A. encouraging B. stopping C. continuing D. expanding70. We can infer from the article that _. A. C

2、hina is the only country suffering from smog B. environmental professionals believe the air quality will soon be improved with these measures C. assessments based on GDP alone were harmful to environmental protection D. Xian was the most polluted city in China71. What Xiao Hang said indicates _. A.

3、London still has serious air pollution after 50 years of effort B. the development of China is more important C. solving environmental problems requires great effort D. its normal for China to have environmental problems【参考答案】6871 CBCC 阅读理解课堂练学案（30）Passage Thirty-four （The Relationship between Brain

4、 Process with Mental Experience） By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible i

5、n significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.Near the turn of the century, it had been suggested by Hering that different modes of sensation, such as pain, taste and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy, Ho

6、wever, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its cond

7、uction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits. Although qualitative variance among nerve rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentia

8、lly homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but, rather, the different areas of the brain into which the

9、y discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation fro

10、m the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fie

11、lds to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.However, cortical as diverse as those of red, black, green and white, or touch, cold, warmth, movement, pain, posture and pressure apparently may arise through activation of the same cortical areas. What seemed to remai

12、n was some kind of differential patterning effects in the brain excitation: it is the difference in the central distribution of impulses that counts. In short, Brain theory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relatively homogenous nerve-cell units conducting essenti

13、ally homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue. To match the multiple dimensions of mental experience psychologists could only point to a limitless variation in the spatiotemporal patterning of nerve impulses.1. Up until 1950, efforts to establish that brain processes and mental exper

14、ience are related would most likely have been met withA. vexation. . irritability. C. discouragement D. neutrality2. The author mentions “common currency” primarily in order to emphasize the A. lack of differentiation among nerve impulses in human beings. similarities in the views of the scientists.

15、C. similarity of sensations of human beings.D. continuous passage of nerve impulses through the nervous system.3. Which of the following theories is reinforced by the depiction of the experiment in lines 1619?A. Cognitive experience manifested by sensory nerve impulses are influenced by the area of

16、the brain stimulated. Qualitative diversity in nerve potentials can now be studied more accurately.C. Sensory stimuli are heterogeneous and are greatly influenced by the nerve sensors they produce.D. Differentiation in neural modalities influences the length of nerve transmissions.4. It can be infer

17、red from the passage that which of the following exhibit the LEAST qualitative variation?A. Nerve cells. . Nerve impulses.C. Cortical areas. C. Spatial patterns of nerve impulses.Vocabularymental experiences 精神感受discharge 释放negligible 微小的，可以忽略不计的manifold 多种多样的，多方面5. neuron 神经元/细胞6. neural （中枢）神经的（系统

18、）7. qualitative diversity 质的多样性，量变的8. disprove 反驳，反证9. homogeneous 相似的10. sensory nerve 感觉神经11. cortical 外皮的，皮质的12. cerebral cortex 大脑皮层13. locus 地点，区域14. psychoneural 精神神经15. heterogeneous 异源的，异种的，异体的16. spatiotenporal 时空的难句译注Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation t

19、hreshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.结构分析 句型为suchas 可as 具有关系代词作用，此处作从句中had been demonstrated 的主语。参考译文 神经细胞中所显示的诸如在尺寸，形状，化学，神经脉冲中传导速度，激发界限等方面的那种变化差异对多方面的精神感受可能有

20、联系来说仍然意义不大。It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural

21、 circuits.参考译文 有可能用其他办法来显示神经类型之间细微的结构差异。可是，缺乏证据证实脉冲的或者其脉冲传导的质量受这些差别的影响。相反，这种质量看起来它却影响了中枢神经循环的进展模式。In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that partic

22、ular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on.结构分析 主从句。后面跟解释性同位语：that is 。参考译文 在一个实验中，当电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某个感觉部位，它对这个特定部位产生一种恰如其分的感觉道，也就是说，视觉来自视觉皮层，听觉来自听皮层，以此类推。Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number,

23、 arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.参考译文 其他实验揭示了神经细胞在尺寸，数目，排列和相互联结上的细微变化。可是，就精神神经相互关系而论，这些感觉部位相互之间明显

24、的相似性似乎比任何细微差异更为明显多。In short, Brain theory suggested a correlation between mental experience and the activity of relatively homogenous nerve-cell units conducting essentially homogeneous impulses through homogeneous cerebral tissue.参考译文 总之，大脑理论说明精神感觉和相对相似的神经细胞单位的活动有关系。这种活动通过相似的大脑皮层组织传导的基本相似的脉冲。写作方法与文章大意文章是对“大脑神经活动和精神感受关系的探讨。”采用时空写法。先从1