国际商法英语专业Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Law

3.GraspthebasicrequirementsoflegalEnglishlearning.

4.Gettoknowthefeaturesofinternationallaw;

5.Gettoknowthesourcesofinternationallaw.

II.ThePointstoBeHighlighted

1.Therelationshipamongthekeyelementsas“international”,“business”and“law”

2.Theunderstandingofthenatureoflaw

III.TeachingApproachesandFacilities

Approaches:

1.Pair/Groupwork2.Discussion3Task-basedapproach

4.Communicativeapproach5.Questionsandanswers……

Facilities:

PPTdemonstrationinthemediaclassroom;

on-lineresearch

IV.BackgroundInformation

1.Economicglobalization,inrecentyears,hasbeenoneofthehottestfocusesintheworld.Althoughitisextremelydifficulttodefineeconomicglobalization,manyeconomistsandbusinessexpertsbelievethatnobusinesscanbepurelydomestic,andtherealitiesofthemodernworldmakeallbusinessinternational.

2.Thecausesofthesedevelopmentsarenumerous:

（1）Incredibleadvancesinefficiencyofcommunication;

（2）Extraordinaryreductionsintransportcosts;

（3）Growingprevalenceofinstanttele-and-cyber-transactions;

（4）Treatyandothernormscausingreductionofgovernmentalbarrierstotrade;

（5）Theblessingofrelativepeaceintheworld.

V.TeachingProceduresandContents

1.IntroducetheoutlineofthisChapter:

ThisChapterwilldiscuss:

vWHATISINTERNATIONALLAW?

vSOURCESOFINTERNATIONALLAW

✧Internationalconventions;

✧Internationalcustom;

✧Generalprinciplesoflaw;

✧Judicialdecisions;

✧Teachingsofpublicists.

vTHESCOPEOFINTERNATIONALLAW

vCOMPARISONOFMUNICIPALLEGALSYSTEMS

✧Romano-GermanicCivilLaw;

✧Anglo-AmericanCommonLaw;

✧IslamicLaw

TaskDesign—explaintheoutlineofthischaptertothestudentsafterthebrainstormingofthestudents.

2.WHATISINTERNATIONALLAW?

vDefined:

Thebodyofrulesandnormsthatregulatesactivitiescarriedonoutsidethelegalboundariesofnations

Itregulatesthreeinternationalrelationships:

1）Thosebetweenstatesandstates.

2）Thosebetweenstatesandpersons.

3）Thosebetweenpersonsandpersons.

vThedifferencesbetweenpublicinternationallawandprivateinternationallaw

PublicInternationalLaw

PrivateInternationalLaw

Sourceofinternationallaw

Torts

Internationalpersonality

Contractsandsales

Stateterritory

Transportation

Statesuccession

Financing

Stateresponsibilitytoaliens

Intellectualproperty

Lawofthesea

Antitrust

Lawofwar

StatesandStates

PersonsandPersons

Divisionofsubjectmatterhasbecomemoreblurrednowadays

Taskdesign:

askstudentstoillustrateeachpointaccordingtotheirrespectiveunderstanding.

vIsInternationalLawReallyLaw?

1）Becausenationsandindividualsregardinternationallawaslaw,itislaw.

2）Comity:

Thepractice,orcourtesy,betweennationsoftreatingeachotherwithgoodwillandcivility.

3）Comityisnotlawbecausecountriesdonotregarditassomethingtheyarerequiredtorespect.

3.SOURCESOFINTERNATIONALLAW

Thosethingswhichinternationaltribunalsrelyuponindeterminingthecontentofinternationallaw;

vTreatiesandConventions:

1）Definitions:

✧Treatiesareagreementsbetweenoneormorenations.

✧Conventionsareagreementssponsoredbyinternationalorganizations.

2）Reasonsforbindingeffect:

✧Sharedsenseofcommitment

✧Becauseonecountryfearsthatifitdoesnotrespectitspromises,othercountrieswillnotrespecttheirpromises

3）Rulesgoverningtreaties:

✧Traditionallycustomary;

✧NowcodifiedintheViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties（inforcesince1980）.

vCustom

1）Defined:

Rulesthathavebeenaroundforalongtimeorwhicharegenerallyaccepted.

Caveat:

Customaryrulesareconstantlychanging.

2）Establishingtheexistenceofacustomarylaw:

Mustshowtwoelements—onebehavioralandonepsychological:

✧Usus（Latinfor:

usage）:

Istheconsistentandrecurringaction（orlackofactionifthecustomisoneofnoninvolvement）bystates.

✧Opiniojurisetnecessitatis（Latinfor:

Oftheopinionthattheruleisproperandrequired）:

Thecustommustberegardedbystatesobservingitasonethattheymustobligatorilyfollow.

3）Exceptionstotheapplicationofcustom:

✧Persistentobjector:

Astatethatpersistentlyobjectstoapracticeduringitsformativestageswillneverbecomeapartytoit.

✧Astateallowedbytheinternationalcommunitytodeviatefromacustomarypractice.

vGeneralPrinciples

Generalprinciplesoflawarecommontoboth（orall）thestatepartiestoadispute.

comparativestudyingroupstoanalyzetheorderoflegaleffectoftheaboveresourcesoflaw.

4.COMPARISONSOFMUNICIPALLEGALSYSTEMS

vLegal“families”

1）Romano-GermanicCivilLaw.

2）Anglo-AmericanCommonLaw.

3）IslamicLaw.

vTheRomano-GermanicCivilLawSystem

TheOldestandmostinfluentialofthelegalfamilies

A.FrenchCivilCode

1）FrenchCivilCode（CodeNapoleon）of1804

✧Therighttopossessprivateproperty;

✧Thefreedomtocontract;

✧Theautonomyofthepatriarchalfamily.

2）DifferencesfromtheGermanCode:

✧Writteninashortperiodoftime.

✧Itsstyleandformareonethatisstraightforward,easytoread,andunderstandabletoeveryone.

3）DifferencesfromtheEnglishcommonlaw:

Itcontainsflexiblegeneralrulesratherthandetailedprovisions.

B.GermanCivilCodeof1896.

1）　CharacteristicsoftheGermanCode:

✧Incrediblypreciseandtechnical.

✧Specialterminologyisused.

2）DifferencesfromtheFrenchCode:

Itismeantexclusivelyfortheuseoftrainedexperts（notlayreaders）.

C.CountrieswithCivilLawsystemsdistinguishbetweenthecivillawandpublicLaw.

1）Publiclawevolvedseparatelyfromthemovementforcodificationofcivilorprivatelaw.

✧Publiclawisconstitutionalandadministrativelaw.

✧Publiclawistreatedinavarietyofwaysinthecivillawcountries.

vTheAnglo-AmericanCommonLawSystem

1）Historicalorigins:

In1066,theNormansconqueredEnglandandWilliamtheConquerorbegantocentralizethegovernmentaladministrationofhisnewkingdom.

Thename“commonlaw”isderivedfromthetheorythattheking’scourtsrepresentedthecommoncustomoftherealm,asopposedtothelocalcustomarylawpracticedinthecountyandmanorialcourts.

2）The“commonlaw”mustbedistinguishedfromthelawwhichevolvedoutof:

✧Equity:

Aprincipleofjusticedevelopedbytheking’schaplain,orchancellor,toprovidepartieswitharemedywhennonewasavailableintheking’scourts.

✧Admiralty（thelawsgoverningsailors）andotherspecializedjurisdictions.

vTheIslamicLawSystem——KnownasShari’a.

1）Sourcesintheorderoftheirimportance:

✧TheKoran.

✧TheSunnahordecisionsandsayingsoftheProphetMuhammad.

✧ThewritingsofIslamicscholarswhoderivedrulesbyanalogyfromtheprinciplesestablishedintheKoranandtheSunnah.

✧Theconsensusofthelegalcommunity.

2）NotethattheShari’aisprimarilyamoralcode.

✧Itisprincipallyconcernedwithethics.

✧Inthisrespect,itcontainsmanyprinciplesincommonwiththecivillawandthecommonlaw.

✧Itismuchlessconcernedwithpromotingcommerceandinternationalrelationsthanthesecularlegalsystems.

groupworkandonlineresearch.

VI.Assignments

1.TranslationExercises:

Article38

（1）oftheStatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeliststhesourcesthattheCourtispermittedtouse.

TheCourt,whosefunctionistodecideinaccordancewithinternationallawsuchdisputesasaresubmittedtoit,shallapply:

（a）Internationalconventions,whethergeneralorparticular,establishingrulesexpresslyrecognizedbythecontestingstates;

（b）Internationalcustom,asevidenceofageneralpracticeacceptedaslaw;

（c）Thegeneralprinciplesoflawrecognizedbycivilizednations;

（d）SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle59,judicialdecisionsandtheteachingsofthemosthighlyqualifiedpublicistsofthevariousnations,assubsidiarymeansforthedeterminationofrulesoflaw.

2.Casestudy—TheLotusin1927

AcollisionoccurredonthehighseasbetweenaFrenchsteamerandaTurkishcollierinwhichsomeTurkishcrewmembersandpassengerslosttheirlives.WhentheFrenchshipdockedinaTurkishport,theTurkishgovernmentbegancriminalproceedingsagainsttheFrenchofficersonwatchatthetimeofthecollision.TheFrenchappealedtothepermanentCourtsofInternationalJusticearguingthatTurkeyhadviolatedinternationallaw,because,Francesaid,onlytheflagstatehasjurisdictionovercriminalincidentsonthehighseas.

ThePCIJsaidthatthefewcasesFrancecitedforthisproposition“merelyshowthatstateshadoften,inpractice,abstainedfrominstitutingcriminalproceedings,andnotthattheyrecognizedthemselvesasbeingobligedtodoso;

foronlyifsuchabstentionswerebasedontheirbeingconsciousofadutytoabstainwoulditbepossibletospeakofaninternationalcustom.”

Conclusion:

Turkeywasallowedtocontinuewithitscriminalprosecution.

VII.ReferenceMaterial

Internationalbusinesslaw（Text,Cases,andReadings）RayAugust

InternationalBusinessLawandItsEnvironmentbyRichardSchaffer,BeverleyEarle

InternationalBusinessLaw:

ATransactionalApproachbyLarryDiMatteoandLucienJ.Dhooge

ChapterTwo

TheMultinationalEnterprise

Oncom