JulNYOKDomestic RelationsWord文档格式.docx

JulNYOKDomestic RelationsWord文档格式.docx

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a.ToEnforceaJudgment

Sisterstateorforeignjudgmentsbasedon“heartbalm”claimsareentitledtoenforcementasamatteroffullfaithandcreditorcomity.

b.ForDeceit

Anactionfordeceitmaybemaintainedonthebasisofthedefendant’sfraudulentmisrepresentationsofcapacitytomarryorifthedefendantfraudulentlymisrepresentedthatthemarriageceremonywaslegitimate.Cohabitationprecedingthefraud,ordiscoveryoffraudbeforecohabitation,willbarrecovery.

c.ToRecoverGiftsMadeSolelyinConsiderationofMarriage

Anactionmaybemaintainedtorecovergiftsifthesoleconsiderationfortheirtransferwasanimpendingmarriagethathasnotoccurred.Therecanbenorecoveryifthedonorwasmarriedtoanotherwhenthegiftwasgiven.Faultisnotadefense.

d.MaritalActions

NewYorkfrownsonclaimsfordamagesarisingoutofmatrimonialactions.

B.ANTENUPTIALCONTRACTS

Tobeenforceable,anantenuptialcontractmustbefreelymade.Contractsrequiringdissolutionofmarriageorprovidingforprocurementofgroundsfordivorceareinvalid.Spousescannotcontracttorelieveliabilitytosupporttheotherspouseinsuchamannerastoresultintheotherspousebecomingapubliccharge.Thecontractmustbeinwriting,subscribedbytheparties,andacknowledgedorproveninthemannerrequiredtorecordadeed,andmayrelatetoinheritancerights;

distributionofproperty;

maintenance;

andchildcare,custody,andsupport.Ifthemarriagefailstotakeplace,thepartiesaredischarged.Oncemarriageoccurs,however,anotherwisevalidantenuptialagreementsurvives（e.g.,itsurvivesasubsequentannulmentordivorce）.

II.GETTINGMARRIED

A.CEREMONIALMARRIAGE

Failuretoobtainalicensewillnotrenderthemarriagevoid.Theceremonymustoccuratleast24hours（butnomorethan60days）afterissuanceofthemarriagelicense.Clergy,certainethicalcultureleaders,mayors,justices,judges,orappointedmarriageofficersmayperformtheceremony.Ifthemarriageisperformedbyclergyormagistrate,noparticularformofceremonyisrequired.

B.COMMONLAWMARRIAGEABOLISHED

PartiesmaynotenterintoacommonlawmarriageinNewYork.However,commonlawmarriagescontractedoutsideNewYorkthatwerevalidwherecontractedarevalidinNewYork.

C.CONTRACTUALMARRIAGE

Acontractualmarriagerequiresalicenseandawrittencontractsignedbybothparties,subscribedinNewYorkbythepartiesandtwowitnesses,statingtheresidenceofthepartiesandwitnessesandthedateandplaceofmarriage,andacknowledgedbythepartiesandwitnessesbeforeajudgeofacourtofrecordofNewYorkState.

D.MARRIAGEATSEA

AmarriageatseaisrecognizedinNewYorkifvalidunderthelawoftheshipowner’sdomicile.

E.MARVIN“MARRIAGES”

NewYorkcourtshavedeclinedtorecognizeanactionbaseduponanimpliedcontractforpersonalservicesbetweenunmarriedpersonslivingtogether.Whilecohabitationwithoutmarriagedoesnotgiverisetopropertyandfinancialrightsnormallyattendingthemaritalrelation,neitherdoescohabitationdisablepartiesfrommakinganagreementwithinnormalrulesofcontractlaw.

F.WHOMAYMARRY?

1.PersonsofAge

Allpersons18oroldermaymarry.Persons16orolder,butyoungerthan18,whohavetheirparents’consentmaymarry.Forthoseyoungerthan16,writtenapprovalandconsentbyasupremecourtorFamilyCourtjudgeisrequiredinadditiontoparentalconsent.Nooneunder14maymarry.

2.PersonsNotTooCloselyRelatedbyBlood

InNewYork,marriagesbetweenthefollowingclassesofpersonsaredeemedincestuousandthereforevoid:

（i）ancestoranddescendant;

（ii）brotherandsisterofwholeorhalfblood;

and（iii）uncleandniece,orauntandnephew.

3.PersonswithPersonalCapacity

Lackofmentalcapacity,fraud,duress,andphysicalincapacity（impotencyorincurablephysicalimperfection）areeachgroundsforannulment.

4.PersonsWithoutLivingSpouses（NoBigamy）

Onlythosewhohavenolivingspousemaymarry.

5.Parolees

Amarriageenteredintobyaprisoninmatewhileservingalifesentenceisvoid,butpersonsimprisonedforlifemaymarrywhileonparoleorafterdischargetherefrom.

III.BEINGMARRIED

A.GENDERCLASSIFICATIONSELIMINATED

Itisunconstitutionaltoimposetheobligationtopayalimonyonthehusbandalone.Genderclassificationsinalimonyandspousalrightsstatuteshavebeeneliminated.

B.HUSBANDANDWIFE

1.TortActions

Onespousemaysuetheother,andthirdparties,forinjurytopersonsorproperty.

2.CapacitytoContract

Ahusbandandwifemaymakecontractswitheachother,exceptforcontractsthatalterordissolvemarriageorwaivetherightofsupport.Amarriedwoman’scontractsdonotbindherhusbandorherhusband’sproperty.

3.EnjoymentofProperty

Awifecanownandconveyherownseparateproperty.

4.EntitlementtoWages

Awifealonehasarightofactionforherwages,andthelawpresumesthatshealoneisentitledtothem.

5.CriminalLiability

Awifeisguiltyofherowncrimes,andahusbandisguiltyofhis.Spousescanbeconvictedofcrimescommittedagainsteachother.ThemaritalexemptionforrapeintheNewYorkstatuteisunconstitutional.

a.OrdersofProtection

OrdersofprotectionissuedbytheFamilyCourtmaynotbemodifiedbythesupremecourt,exceptonmotionandnoticetothenonmovingparty.AlocalcriminalcourtmaymodifyaFamilyCourtorsupremecourtorderofprotectionuponthefilingofaswornaffidavitallegingthattheissuingcourtisnotinsessionandthatgoodcauseisshown,includingashowingthattheexistingorderisinsufficientforthepurposesofprotectingthepetitionerand/ormembersofthepetitioner’sfamily.

6.MarriedPerson’sDomicile

Awife’sdomiciledoesnotnecessarilyfollowherhusband’s.Questionsconcerningdomicilearetoberesolved,forallpurposes,withoutregardtosex.IfthewifecommencesamatrimonialactionwhilelivinginNewYork,thefactthatherhusbandliveselsewherewillnotpreventherfrombeingfoundtobeaNewYorkdomiciliary.

7.Wife’sName

Adoptionofthehusband’snameisoptional.Achangeofnamemaybeeffectedbyusageandhabit,providedthereisnofraudorinterferencewithrightsofothers.Everyjudgmentordecreeofdivorceorannulmentmustprovidethateachpartymayresumetheuseofherpremarriagesurname.

8.SupportObligations

Eachspousemustsupporttheother.Theextentofsupportmaybebasedona“means”testora“needs”test.Thehusbandisliableforthewife’santenuptialdebtsonlytotheextentofproperty,ifany,thathehasacquiredfromher.Heisliablealsoforpostnuptialdebtsthatthewifehasincurredforhersupport.（Note:

Acourtislikelytofindthatawifeissimilarlyliableforherhusband’santenuptialandpostnuptialdebts.）Liabilityforsupportmaycontinue,intheformofalimony,afterdissolutionofmarriage.

a.AgreementsDuringMarriagetoLiquidateEntitlementtoSupportUnenforceable

Agreementsduringthemarriagetoliquidatesupportrightsintoacashpaymentwillnotbeenforced.Courtswillnotestablishfamilybudgets.

b.RemediesforBreachofSupportObligations

1）FamilyCourtOrder

AspousewhoisnotbeingsupportedcanseeksupportinFamilyCourt.Anordermaybeenforcedbyissuingawarrantforthearrestofthedisobedientrespondent,jailingtherespondentforuptosixmonths,requiringtherespondenttoparticipateinarehabilitationprogram,puttingtherespondentonprobation,requiringthattherespondentpostbond,sequesteringtherespondent’sassets,suspendingtherespondent’sdrivingprivilegeand/orstateprofessionalorbusinesslicense,enteringamoneyjudgment,ormakinganincomedeductionorder.

2）Wife’sDebtsandExpenditures

Acreditorwhohasfurnishednecessariestoawife,orawifewhohasspentherownmoneyforthem,canrecoversuchexpensesfromthehusband.Acreditorcanrecoverfromthehusbandotherdebtsincurredbythewifeifthepurchaseswerewithinthescopeofthewife’sauthority.

3）Fault

Faultormisconductmayinfluencethecourtsindecidingwhethertoenforcearighttosupport.

9.Abortion

Alicensedphysician（orapregnantfemaleactingontheadviceofalicensedphysician）mayperformanabortion（i）within24weeksofconceptionor（ii）subsequenttothatifthephysicianreasonablybelievesitnecessarytopreservethewoman’slife.

10.ArtificialInsemination

Childrenconceivedbyartificialinseminationaredeemedthemarital,naturaloffspringofthehusbandandthewifeiftheyareborntoamarriedwoman;

theprocedureisperformedbyapersonauthorizedtopracticemedicine;

thehusbandandthewifegivewritten,executedconsents;

andthepersonwhoperformstheprocedurecertifiesthathehasdoneso.

C.PARENTSANDCHILDREN

1.Parents’Guardianship

Parentsexercisejointguardianshipwithequalpowers,rights,andduties.

2.TerminationofParentalRights

Terminationofparentalrightsariseswithoutjudicialactionupon（i）theminor’smarriage（thoughguardianshipoftheminor’spropertycontinues）;

（ii）