新编研究生综合英语教程unit3潘海英.pptx

新编研究生综合英语教程unit3潘海英.pptx

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新编研究生综合英语教程AdvancedEnglishforGraduateStudents:

GeneralSkills&AcademicLiteracy,UnitThreeCulture,TextATheValuesAmericansLiveBy,Aculturecanbeviewedasacollectionofvaluesthatgotogethertoshapethewayagroupofpeopleperceiveandrelatetotheworldaroundthem.Aspeoplegrowup,theylearncertainvalues,whichwillinfluenceandshapetheirwayoflife.HowdoesAmericanculturedifferfromothers?

ThewaytoaddressthisquestionistoconsiderthevaluesAmericansliveby.,Overview,“Values”areideasaboutwhatisrightandwrong,desirableandundesirable,normalandabnormal,properandimproper.Mostpeoplewhogrowupinaparticularculturesharecertainvalues.Thesevaluesoverlapandsupporteachother;theyfittogether.Dr.L.RobertKohlshasdevelopedalistof13commonlyheldvalueswhichhelpexplainwhyAmericansactastheydo.,BackgroundInformationPre-readingQuestionsTextATheValuesAmericansLiveVocabularyExercises,TextATheValuesAmericansLiveBy,BackgroundInformation,TextATheValuesAmericansLiveBy,VWriting,Exercises,IVTranslation,Dr.LRobertKohls,DirectorofInternationalProgramsatSanFranciscoStateUniversity,isarenownedliterarycontributortotheresearchonculturalpatterns.Hehasdevelopedalistof13（8arelistedinTextA）commonlyheldvalueswhichhelpexplaintofirst-timevisitorstotheUnitedStateswhyAmericansactastheydo.Heiscareful,andcautionstoavoidlabelingthesevaluespositiveornegative.WhetheroneagreeswithKohlsornotoriswillingtoacceptasvalidanygeneralizationsaboutAmericanshisobservationsarethoughtprovoking.,Background,1.Informationabouttheauthor,:

Inrecentdecades,anewformofidentificationhasemergedwhichbreaksdowntheunderstandingoftheindividualasacoherentwholesubjectintoacollectionofvariousculturalidentifiers.Theseculturalidentifiersmaybetheresultofvariousconditionsincluding:

locality,gender,race,history,nationality,language,sexuality,religion,ethnicity,aesthetics,andevenfood.Therefore,culturalidentityreferstoafeelingofbelongingtoagroup.Itispartofapersonsself-conceptionandself-perceptionandisrelatedtotheseculturalidentifiersoranykindofsocialgroupthathasitsowndistinctculture.Inthisway,culturalidentityisbothcharacteristicoftheindividualbutalsooftheculturallyidenticalgroupofmemberssharingthesameculturalidentity.Culturalidentitycanalsobeexpressedthroughcertainstylesofclothingorotheraestheticmarkers.,Background,2.Informationaboutculturalidentity,:

.,Background,3.InformationabouttheDeclarationofIndependence,TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedbyThomasJeffersonandthenadoptedbytheContinentalCongressonJuly4,1776.ItwasregardedasthenationsmostcherishedsymboloflibertyandJeffersonsmostenduringmonument.“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.”wasmadebyAbrahamLincolnasthecenterpieceofhisrhetoric（asintheGettysburgAddressof1863）,andhispolitics.Sincethen,ithasbecomeawell-knownstatementonhumanrights.,Q1:

HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheAmericanvalues?

WhichpartofAmericanvaluesdoyouthinkisacceptabletous?

Q2:

WhatisthecauseoftraditionalAmericanvalues?

Q3:

WhatisyourviewonAmericanvalues?

WhataretheeffectsofAmericanvalues?

Q4:

HowisthemainstreamAmericanculturedifferentfromtheChineseculture?

Q5:

Doculturalvalueschangeastimechanges?

Pre-readingQuestions,Q1:

HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheAmericanvalues?

WhichpartofAmericanvaluesdoyouthinkisacceptabletous?

Open,Pre-readingQuestions,Q2:

WhatisthecauseofTraditionalAmericanvalues?

TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbythekingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.In1776,theBritishcolonialsettlersdeclaredtheirindependencefromEnglandandestablishedanewnation,theUnitedStatesofAmerica.Indoingso,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.ThisisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues,whichisalsocalledindividualismbyscholars.,Pre-readingQuestions,Q3:

WhatisyourviewonAmericanvalues?

WhataretheeffectsofAmericanvalues?

Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterference.Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:

self-reliance.Individualsmustlearntorelyonthemselvesorrisklosingfreedom.Thismeansachievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyageof18-21.Itmea