考研英语二Word文件下载.docx

考研英语二Word文件下载.docx

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The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals.19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoukook,feel,howyouclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

　　1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides

2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps

3.AsolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially

4.AloweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording

5.A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify

6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition

7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithD.dueto

8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly

9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims

10.A.thoughB.againC.indeedD.instead

11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report

12.A.approveofB.holdontoC.accountforD.dependon

13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmDprepare

14.A.featuresB.rulesC.testsDresults

15.AanxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored

16.A.secretBbeliefC.signD.principle

17.A.necessityB.decisionC.wishD.request

18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing

19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if

20.A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B，CorD.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET（40points）

Text1

　　Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;

rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

　　Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable-it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

　　Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

　　Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,MaltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:

Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

　　Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.

　　“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

　　21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp____

　　A）fosterachild’smoraldevelopment

　　B）regulateachild’sbasicemotions

　　C）improveachild’sintellectualability

　　D）intensityachild’spositivefeelings

　　22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe____

　　A）inexcusable

　　B）deception

　　C）addictive

　　D）burdensome

23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat

　　A）emotionsarecontext-independent

　　B）anemotioncanplayopposingroles

　　C）emotionaresociallyconstructive

D）emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing·

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

25.Theword“transgressions”（Line4,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto___

A.Teachings

B,discussions

C.Restrictions

D.wrongdoings

　　Text2

　　Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.

　　Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow,Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

　　Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

　　Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

　　Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions,That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

　　Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.

26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat_

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto_

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

29.Wha