全国职称英语理工类A级真题及答案详解文档格式.docx
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C.moderate
D.great
3.Hewasrather
vague
aboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.
A.bright
B.unclear
C.general
D.bad
4.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswitha
decent
education.
A.special
B.private
D.good
5.Sleepstairscanpresentaparticular
hazard
toolderpeople.
A.picture
B.danger
C.evidence
D.case
6.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocomplete
turmoil.
A.doubt
B.relief
C.failure
D.confusion
7.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswith
resentment.
A.love
B.surprise
C.anger
D.doubt
8.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesof
vigorous
exerciseeveryday.
A.energetic
B.free
C.physical
D.regular
9.Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandvery
funny
dialogues.
A.boring
B.original
C.humorous
D.long
10.Lowertaxeswould
spur
investmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.
A.attract
B.spend
C.encourage
D.require
11.He
demolished
myargumentinminutes.
A.supported
B.disproved
C.disputed
D.accepted
12.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplansto
merge
nextyear.
A.close
B.sell
C.break
D.combine
13.Herfatherwasaquietmanwith
graceful
manners.
A.polite
B.usual
C.bad
D.similar
14.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsof
diligent
research.
A.hardworking
B.social
C.basic
D.scientific
15.Hewaskeptin
appalling
conditionsinprison.
A.necessary
B.terrible
C.critical
D.normal
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;
如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;
如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpaceSolarPower
Energybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality,nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhegreenlighttoanagreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawatt(兆瓦)ofpowerbeameddownfromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2016.Butsomemajorchallengeswillhavetobeovercomedifthetechnologyistobeusedwidely.
Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites,whichitsayswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydowntoareceivingstationonEarth.
Theattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostuninterruptedsunshineavailableineosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit.Earth-basedsolarcells,bycontrast,canonlycollectsun.
Lightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear.
Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapple(努力克服)withthehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsintospace,saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Indiana,"
Ifyou'
retalkingaboutitbeingeconomicallyviableorpoweroftheEarth,it'
satoughgo."
hesays.
CalBoerman,Solaren'
sdirectorofenergyservices,saysthecompanydesigneditssatelliteswithaviewtokeepinglaunchcostsdown."
Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent,revolu-tionarydesign,"
hesays.Apatentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem'
Sweight,includingusinginflatableminorstofocussunlightonsolarcells,soasmallernumbercancollectthesameamountofenergy.
ButusingminorsintroducesotherchaHenges,includingkeepingthesolarcellsfromoverhea-ting,saysSchwartz."
Youhavetotakecareofheatdissipation(散发)becauseyou'
renowconcen-tratingalotofenergyinoneplace,"
hesays.Accordingtothecompany'
spatent,Solaren'
ssolarcellswillbeconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeepthemcool.
ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork,itisnotexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergy.LawsinCaliforniaandotherstatesrequireincreasinguseofrenewableenergyincomingyears,hepointsout."
Tomeetthoseneeds,we'
rego-ingtoneedalltypesofrenewableenergysources,"
hesays.
16.Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17.Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites.
18.Space-basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear.
19.Oneadvantageofspace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatitiseconomical.
20.Inflatableminorsareusedtoreducethespace-basedsolarpowersystem.
21.Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysources.
22.Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofspaced-basedsolarpowersoon.
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
NaturalGas
1Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth'
ssurface.Itisafossilfuel
(矿物质燃料),meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsago.Themaincomponentofnaturalgasismethane(甲烷).
2Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsaspipelineinfrastructure(基础设施)hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential,commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide.Today,naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50statesintheU.S.,andistheleadingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandidustries。
Morethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas.Infact,naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingone-thirdasmuchaselectricity.Inaddi-tiontoheatinghomes,muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasarawmaterialtomanu-factureawidevarietyofproducts,frompaint,tofibersforclothing,toplasticsforheahhcare,con-putingandfurnishings.Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.
3Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable.Itemitslesspollutionthanoth-erfossilfuelsources.Whennaturalgasisburned,itproducesmostlycarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andwatervapor-thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansexhale.Comparedwithsomeotherfos-silfuels,naturalgasemitstheleastamountofcarbondioxideintotheairwhencombusted(燃烧),makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofa11.
4TheUnitedStatesconsumesaboutone-thirdoftheworld'
Snaturalgasoutput,makingitthelargestgas-consumingregionintheworld.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy'
SEnergyInformationAd-ministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percentby2025.
5Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth'
ssurface.ThelargestreservesofnaturalgascanbefoundinRussia,WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.LNG(液化天然气)hasbeenproduceddomesticallyandimportedintheUnitedStatesformorethanfourdecades.
Today,theleadingimportesofLNGareJapan,Korea,FranceandSpain.
23.Paragraph2_________.
24.Paragraph3________.
25.Paragraph4_________.
26.Paragraph5________.
A.Popularityanduseofnaturalgas
B.Naturalgasreservesandsupply
C.Naturalgasprices
D.Cleanfuelofchoice
E.Disadvantagesofnaturalgas
F.Naturalgasconsumption
27.Naturalgasisstoreddeep________.
28.Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergysource_________.
29.Whenmanufacturingmanyproducts,peoplecommonlyusenaturalgas____________.
30.Itisestimatedthatby2025thatnaturalgasdemandintheUnitedStateswillincrease_________.
A.overthepast50years
B.beneaththeearthsurface
C.bymorethan50percent
D.formorethanfourdecades
E.asarawmaterial
F.forhomeenergyneeds
第4部分:
阅读理解(第3l~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
HowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistence
Howthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestionforyears,butastate-of-the-artcomputersimulationnowoffersthemostdetailedpictureyetofhowthesefirststarsintheuniversecameintoexistence,researcherssay.
Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatoftoday,andthephysicsthatgovernedtheearlyuniversewerealsosomewhatsimpler.Dr.NaokiYoshidaandcolleaguesinJapanandtheU.S.incorporatedtheseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse,sometimesreferredtoasthe"
cosmicdarkages,"
tosimulatetheformationofanastronomicalobjectthatwouldeventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness.
Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar-theearlystageofamassiveprimordialstarofouruniverse,andtheresearchers'
computersimulation,whichhasbeencalleda"
cosmicRosettaStone."
setsthebarforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformationprocess.Thequestionofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportantbecausetheirformationsandeventualexplo-sionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing.
Accordingtotheirsimulation,gravityactedonminutedensityvariationsinmatter,gases,andthemysterious"
darkmatter'
'
oftheuniverseaftertheBigBanginordertoformthisearlystageofastar-aprotostarwithamassofjustonepercentofoursun.Thesimulationrevealshowpre-stellargaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimplerphysicsoftheearlyuniversetoformthisprotostar.
Dr.Yoshida'
ssimulationalsoshowsthattheprotostarwouldlikelyevolveintoamassivestarcapableofsynthesizingheavyelements,notjustinlatergenerationsofstars,butsoonaftertheB