英汉翻译技巧Word格式.docx
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TheheelofAchilles
Theopen-doorpolicy
Themost-favored-nationclause
Theposition-of-strengthpolicy
Shuttlediplomacy
Thecoldwar
Acathasninelives
Bloodisthickerthanwater
Barkingdogsdonotbite
Arollingstonegathersnomoss
战斗到最后一个人打破记录在某人鼻子底下武装到牙齿挤得象罐头沙丁鱼
酸葡萄死硬派君子协定橄榄树枝特洛伊木马阿基里斯的脚踵
悬挂在达摩克里斯头顶上的剑门户开放政策最惠国条款实力地位政策
穿梭外交冷战热战猫有九命血浓于水吠犬不咬人滚石不生苔
（二）汉语同义习语的套用法
有的英语习语和汉语同义习语在内容和形式上都相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有相同的或大体相同的形象比喻。
在这种情况下，汉译时可以直截了当地套用汉语同义习语。
例如：
1．双方有完全相同的形象比喻：
TopraisetotheskiesTofishintroubledwatersToaddfueltothefire
捧上天去浑水摸鱼火上加油
TobeonthiniceWallshaveearsStrikewhiletheironishot
如履薄冰隔墙有耳趁热打铁
2．
双方有大体相同的形象比喻：
AdropinheoceanTolaughoffone’shead
ToshedcrocodiletearsTobeoutatelbows
TospendmoneylikewaterAtsixesandsevens
Sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother
Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy
沧海一粟笑掉牙齿猫哭耗子促襟见肘挥金如土七颠八倒；
乱七八糟
半斤八两一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃
（三）意译法
Manykissthebabyforthenurse’ssake.醉翁之意不在酒。
Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌。
Givemelibertyorgivemedeath.不自由，毋宁死。
TopayChinesecompliments阳奉阴违
Toholdacandletothedevil助纣为虐
Letspeakfrankly./toputallthecardsonthetable打开天窗说亮话
It’sunnecessaryanxiety.杞人忧天
We’vebeendriventoit.逼上梁山。
Itisbetterforthedoertoundowhathehasdone.解铃还待系铃人。
Topickonsomethingtofindfaultwith吹毛求疵
Tocastoffone’soldselfandtakeonnewself脱胎换骨
Whochooseswellchoosessons-in-law;
whochoosesbadlychoosesland.会选的选儿郎，不会选的选田庄。
Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.吃一堑，长一智。
Tobeinthesameboat同舟共济
Likeadrownedrat像个落汤鸡
Strikewhiletheiron’shot.趁热打铁。
Ihavebeenastrangerinastrangeland.独在异地为异客。
Castleintheair空中楼阁
Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeanell.得寸进尺。
Timeflieslikeanarrow.光阴似箭。
Nothingcomeswrongtothehungry.饥不择食。
Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚。
Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无火不起烟。
Toknowlikethepalmofone’shand了如指掌
Tothrowcoldwateron浇冷水
Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。
Theburntchilddreadsthefire.一朝遭蛇咬，三年怕井绳。
Evenanhonestofficialcan’tjudgedomesticcases.清官难断家务事。
Alongroadtestsahorse’sstrengthandalongtaskprovesaman’sheart.路遥知马力，事久见人心。
Theteenagersdon’tinviteBobtotheirpartiesbecauseheisawetblanket.
Amongsomanywell-dressedandculturedpeople,thecountrygirlfeltlikeafishoutofwater.
Allright,Iblamemyself.Butit’sthelasttime.Wewerecat’s-paws,that’sall.
Tobreaktheice,Tedspokeofhisinterestinmountainclimbing,andtheysoonhadaconversationgoing.
Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth;
shethinksshecandowhatshelikes.
Twoheadsarebetterthanone.（三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。
）一人不及两人智。
Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatchneither.脚踏两头船，必定落空。
It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.
Whenthecat’saway,themicewillplay.猫儿不在，鼠儿成精。
Astitchintimesavesnine.及时缝一针，可以省九针。
注意：
有时可以把英语原文中的非习语译为汉语习语，是译文生动有力：
Butagainstthevastexpanseofthesky,thechutelookedverysmall.
Overthepastseveralweeks,shehadgrownincreasinglyrestless.
Itisclearthathewasoneoftheoutstandingpilotsinthewholeprogram.
Itwasnervousbeforecrowds.
Themerethoughtofappearingbeforeacrowdfrightenedme.
Theguestwaspleasedbythedistinctionbutnotoverwhelmed.
但是，习语的使用不能违背忠实、通顺的翻译标准。
如：
Theaircraftissmall,cheap,pilotless.
Itwasachillydayinearlyspring.
Earthyandgracious,hefindsthecitydwellerstoocoldandsophisticated.
练习题
一、试用汉语同义习语翻译下列各习语：
1.
TotakeFrenchleave2.
Astonyheart
3.
Atone’sfingertips4.
Tohaveahandlikeafoot5.
Asmuteasafish6.
Toreturngoodforevil
7.
Toshutone’seyesagainst8.
Totalkblackintowhite
9.
Toturnadeafearto10.
Practicemakesperfect.
11.
Tofacethemusic12.
Plainsailing
13.
Tobedeaddrunk14.
Laughandgrowfat
15.
Tweedledeeandtweedledum16.
Toflyintoarage
17.
Tolookforaneedleinahaystack18.
Aleapinthedark
19.
Toshowone’scolours20.
Tomakeanoiseintheworld
21.
Morehaste,lessspeed22.
Neitherfishnorflesh23.
Topickholesin24.
Tomindone’sP’sandQ’s
25.
Tobeattheendofone’srope26.
Toflogadeadhorse
27.
Toturnoveranewleaf28.
Toputallone’seggsinonebasket
二、
试译下列各句：
Hejusthadfortywinks.2.
Hiswifeheldthepursestring.
Youshouldkeepyournoseoutofhere.
4.
Don’tyouseethewritingonthewall?
5.
thatnighthesleptlikeatop,andwokewithhiskneeofalmostnormalsize.
6.
I’mnottalkingaboutcastlesintheair—thedonkey’scarrot.No,Imeansomethingwe’veallshared.
Mothersaid,“John,you’retalkingthroughyourhat.You’recrazy!
”
8.
Hisaccentgavehimaway.
Largepoliceforceswereencampednearthemeeting,outofsightbuthardlyoutofmind.
10.
TheNazisinBerlinbecamedesperateandtriedtomakehellwhilethesunwasshining.
三、
试译下列各句，注意运用汉语习语翻译斜体部分：
Bycomparison,theGreatWallinChinaisamammothpresence.
2.
Afterthatthespecialmissionsbecamefrequentoccurrences.
Yettherewasnohintastowhohadirresponsiblystartedthisfictioninthefirstplace.Orwhy?
Oncarefulanalysisitappearsthattheinformationwaserroneousorwassusceptibleofvaryinginterpretations.
Inadangerousanduncertainworld,thestrengtheningofnationaldefenceisthebestguaranteeofanation’svitalinterests.
Hewadsconfrontedbythewildirrationality,thedeviousness,themaliciousnessandvenalityoftheManchuofficials.
Hisbodywasperfect,alivewitheasysupplenessandhealthandstrength.
Avisionofcountlesscolorfulflowersblindedhiseyes.
AndthenIellasleepandonlywokeatbroadday.
Butfarfromrecovering,thatcountryremainedoverwhelmedbycorruption,atotteringbureaucracy,surgingpricesandnaturaldisasters.
二、拟声词的译法
凡是以摹仿事物或动作的声音而构成的词称为拟声词。
世界各族语言都有大量的拟声词。
如汉语中的“轰隆、啪啪、呜”等。
拟声词有时兼顾动词和声音的特点。
拟声词的英译汉可归纳为三类：
（一）
英语原文有拟声词，汉译时也运用拟声词
Twoheavygunswentoffinthewoods—BRUMP!
BRUMP!
Whee-ee-ee!
Whee-ee-ee!
Thepolicewhistlesshrilledsuddenly.
Thump!
Atablewasoverturned!
Butasthedoorbanged,sheseemedtocometolifeagain.
Allwasquietandstillexceptforthedistanttinklingofapiano.
“What’shappening?
”hemuttered.
“What’sthat?
”hesuddenlyexclaimed,hearingarustle;
andtheybothlookedup.
“Holdhimbythenose,dearie,thenhe’llsplutterandwakeup.”
Theyheardthetwitterofbirdsamongthebushes.
Thunderrumbledinthedistance.
Thecartrumbledpast.
Hisstomachrumbledemptily.
（二）
英语原文有拟声词，汉译时不用拟声词
Iclankedthekettle.
Thecopcarriedastick,readytothwackanybodywhooffendedhisearoreye.
ThetrainpuffedtowardsTokyofromSendai.
Heslammedhisteacupdownonthetable.
Weheardthemachineswhirr.
Theyheardthemuffledboomingofartilleryfromafar.
Thesqueakingoftheradiowasdisturbingeverybody.
Thescreechingofthebrakesgotonmynerves.
Thetrainwhistletooted.
Theundergroundtrainwashumming.
Thefrogsinthefieldsoutsidethetownwerecroakingcheerfully.
Thecockintheyardcroweditsfirstround.
Themomentherushedin,thehenschuckedandthedogsbarked.
（三）
英语原文没有拟声词，汉译时加用拟声词
Thestonefellonhishead.
Thechildfellintothewater.
Zigurdfellasleepalmostimmediately.
Phylexpectedthemtostartbrawling,butMrs.Coopermerelylaughedgood-naturedly.
Thekidsarecryingloudly.
Therewerenosoundsbutthatofthetreadofthemenandthefootstepsofthetwoshaggyponieswhichdrewthevan.
一、试译下列各句，把作独立成分用的英语拟声词译成作独立成分用的汉语拟声词：
Crack!
Thestickbrokeintwo.
Plop,plop…therewaswaterdrippingfromtheceilingontotheearthfloor.
Crash!
Thedoorwasbroken.
Thwack!
Thiswasthefirsthumiliationofhislife.
Splish!
Thewaterbubbledroundhislegs.
二、试译下列各句，将英语拟声动词、名词或动词派生词转化为汉语动词拟声词附加语或名词拟声词附加语：
Heletthebeergurgledownhisthroat.
Allthetimetherewereclucksofadmirationfromthecrowd.
Acrystaltear-dropploppeddownontotheletter.
Theyoungmanslappedthreesilverdollarsonthecounter.
Thelowwhirrofthespinningwheelspoketohimofthewarmthofhomeandhismother’slove.
Sheworeapairofblackleathershoesthatclickedagainsttheasphaltasshewalkedalong.
三、试译下列各句，将英语拟声词或动词派生词译成汉语拟声动词：
Allyoucandoiskeeponclack-clack-clacking.
Thosestandingbehindwhisperedandchatteredallthetime.
四、试译下列各句，将英语拟声词译成汉语非拟声词：
Theoldmanbangedtheboy’sheadagainstthewall.
Shethumpsherchestasifshefeelspainthere.
Theysplashedthroughthemiretothevillage.
Alreadysomehorse-drawncartswerecreakingalongthestreet.
五、试译下列各短语，将英语拟声词译成汉语拟声词：
Therataplanofthedrum
thechangourofthegong
Thechangingofthetram
Thebumpingofthevan
The
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