高中英语语法复习名词Word文件下载.docx
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即,名词的类别不是固定不变的,它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换,其名词类别的转换可归纳如下:
1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词
e.g.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.（个体我们学校离我家不远。
Schoolisoveratsix.（抽象六点钟放学。
2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词
e.g.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（物质他打破了一块玻璃。
Hebrokeaglass.（个体他打破了一个杯子。
3、个体名词转专有名词
e.g.Hisfatherisateacher.（个体他父亲是个教师。
“Whatareyoudoingthere?
”Fatherasked.（专有“你在那儿干什么?
”父亲问道。
（四名词的数
名词分为可数（有单、复数形式和不可数名词（只有单数形式。
1、可数名词单数变复数:
①一般加s:
lesson→lessons,pen→pens
②以s,x,ss,ch,sh,o结尾的加es:
buses,boxes,classes,watches,brushes,hero→heroes
但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:
kilo→kilos,piano→pianos,radio→radios,photo→photos,zoo→zoos
③以辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i,再加es:
city→cities,story→stories
④以f或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es:
knife→knives,leaf→leaves
但有些以f结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:
belief→beliefs,roof→roofs,safe（保险箱→safes,proof（证据→proofs,chief→chiefs,handkerchief→handkerchiefs
2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:
①单复数形式相同:
Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep
②不规则变化:
man→men,woman→women,goose→geese,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,child→children,mouse→mice,ox→oxen。
但是,German→Germans
③复合名词的复数形式:
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief,daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law,grown-up→grown-ups,womanteacher→womenteachers,mandriver→mendrivers
3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题
①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:
fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
②物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。
acupoftea,threebagsofapples,fourpiecesofbread。
③有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。
work（工作→works（著作,arm（手臂→arms（军火,glass（玻璃→glasses（眼镜,cloth（布→clothes（衣服。
④定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;
姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓…的人。
theWangs王家,threeWangs三个姓王的。
⑤只用作单数的复数形式的名词。
physics,mathematics,news,theUnitedStates
⑥有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。
police,people,cattle
⑦有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。
class,family,couple,audience,government,public
⑧有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。
表示特指时,可和定冠词连用;
表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可和不定冠词连用。
Howdidyousmoothawaythedifficulties?
（指各种具体困难;
Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.;
Whatasurprise!
（五名词的所有格
名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。
1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。
Tom’sbike,Engles’s（Engles’works,aworks’school,Women’sDay,theeditor-in-chief’soffice
2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“’s”。
TomandMike’sroom.（共有,Tom’sandMike’sbooks.（不共有。
3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格,如:
today’spapers,tenminutes’walk
4、表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去shop,house,home。
thetailor’s
5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。
thewindowoftheroom
6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。
theteachersoftheNo.1MiddleSchool.
7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个,双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词,这个名词是确定的。
被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般只能用双重所有格。
anoldfriendofmyuncle’s,adaughterofMrsGreen’s,thehouseofoneofmyfriends
（六名词的普通格作定语
表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。
e.g.stonefigures（石像;
papermoney（纸币;
countrymusic（乡村音乐;
tablecloth（桌布;
riverbank（河岸;
schoolgate（校门口;
bookstores（书店;
trafficlights（交通灯;
summerholidays（暑假;
eveningdress（晚礼服。
但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。
e.g.sportsmeet（运动会;
theUnitedStatesgovernment（美国政府;
studentsreading-room（学生阅览室;
goodstrain（货车;
twomendoctors（两个男医生。
练习、名词
1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.
A.roofs,leafs
B.roofs,leaves
C.rooves,leafs
D.rooves,leaves
2.Therearethree____inourfactory.
A.womandoctors
B.womendoctors
C.womandoctor
D.womendoctor
3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?
A.potatos,tomatos
B.potatos,tomatoes
C.potatoes,tomatos
D.potatoes,tomatoes
4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses（出版社.Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.
A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief’s
B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief’s
C.editors-in-chiefs,editor’s-in-chief’s
D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief’s
5.Theanthastwo____.A.stomachesB.stomacksC.stomach
D.stomachs
6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper.A.chickB.chickenC.chickensD.chicks
7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.
A.so
B.such
C.soas
D.sucha
8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!
A.How
B.Howa
C.What
D.Whata
9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.
A.sound
B.sounds
C.thesounds
D.asound
10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.
A.cattle,cows
B.cows,cattle
C.cattles,cows
D.cow,cattles
11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate（军营门口.
A.havegathered
B.hasgathered
C.is
D.was
12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.
A.deal
B.amount
C.number
D.size
13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.
A.Many
B.Agreatmany
C.Agreatdealof
D.Anumberof
14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.
A.hand
B.ahand
C.hands
D.thehands
15.Two____,please.A.coffeeB.coffeesC.cupofcoffeeD.cupscoffee
16.Ican’tpayas____asheaskedfor.
A.highpricea
B.highprice
C.ahighprice
D.high
aprice
17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.A.Man’sB.Men’sC.Mens’D.Person’s
18.Istayedat____.A.XiaoWang’sB.Wang’shomeC.theWangsD.homeofWang
19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.A.shoesB.shosesC.shoeD.shoe’s
20.Haveyoueverread____?
A.todaynewspaper
B.newspapertoday
C.newspaperoftoday
D.today’snewspaper
21.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.A.hourB.hoursC.hour’s
D.hours’
22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.
A.JuliaandMary
B.JuliaandMary’s
C.Julia’sandMary’s
D.Julia’sandMary
23.LiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.
A.anyone’s
B.anyoneelse
C.anyone’selse’s
D.anyoneelse’s
24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.
A.sand,sand
B.sands,sands
C.sand,sands
D.sands,
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sand
25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.setB.oneC.copy
D.pair
26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.A.walkB.rideC.tripD.travel
27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.
A.information
B.news
C.message
D.flash
28.Foodand____aredailynecessities（需要forthepeople.
A.cloth
B.clothe
C.clothes
D.clothing
29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.A.strengthB.senseC.powerD.skill
30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.
A.incident,washappened
B.matter,happened
C.event,wastakenplace
D.accident,tookplace
31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.
A.beating
B.ways
C.knocking
D.striking
32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.
A.Thepublic
B.People
C.Women
D.Man
33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.
A.office,official
B.official,office
C.officer,office
D.official,officer
34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.
A.character,character
B.characters,characters
C.character,characters
D.characters,character
35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.
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A.everyotherdays
B.eachotherday
C.everyotherday
D.everytwoday
36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.
A.onedayortwo
B.adayortwo
C.onedayortwo
D.aortwodays
37.____isalwaysdifficultforme.
A.Translation
B.Translate
C.Thetranslation
D.Atranslation
38.____ofthisnovelisexcellent,quitetomysurprise.
39.Thepolice____lookingintothematternow.A.beB.isC.are
D.aregoingto
40.TheChineseare____braveandhardworkingpeople.A.theB.aC./D.one
41.Nonews____goodnews.A.isB.areC.haveD.has
42.Mathsstill____verydifficultforme,thoughIhavedonemybest.
A.looks
B.seems
D.are
43.“Where____mytrousers?
”theboyasked.A.isB.wasC.were
44.Howhappytheyare!
Obviously,theyare____.
A.innicespirits
B.innicespirit
C.inhighspirits
D.inhighspirit
45.Isawmany____seatedinthecornerreadingsomething.
A.Japanese
B.Japaneses
C.ofJapanese
D.ofJapaneses
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46.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.
A.anadvice
B.advice
C.advices
D.theadvices
47.Weare____andtheyare____.A.Englishmen,Germans
B.Englishmen,German
C.Englishmans,Germans
D.Englishmen,Germen
48.____aremadeof____.
A.Aglass,aglass
B.Glasses,glass
C.Theglass,theglass
D.Glasses,glasses
49.I’llhavetobuy____trousers.A.aB.twoC.apairof
D.acoupleof
50.Therearetwo____inourclass.A.LiuB.LiusC.Liu’s
D.Lius’
51.____isneededincoldcountries.
A.Alotofclothes
B.Muchclothing
C.Manyacloth
D.Lotsofclothes
52.Theyare____.A.mathematicsstudentB.mathematicstudents
C.studentsinmathematics
D.mathematicsstudents
53.Thelaboratoryassistantrecordedthe____reactions（反应.
A.mouses’
B.mice
C.mices’
D.mice’s
54.Thisletterwassentby____.
A.myfatherfriend
B.myfatherfriend’s
C.afriendofmyfather’s
D.afriendofmyfather
55.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad____.
A.alittlewhitehair
B.somewhitehair
C.afewwhitehair
D.afewwhitehairs
56.Ihavemade____withBilly.A.friendsB.friendC.afriend
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D.thefriend
57.ThepopulationofBeijingis____thanthatofXi’an.A.moreB.largerC.fewerD.small
58.Therearethirty-two____inourschool.
A.womanteacher
B.womenteacher
C.womenteachers
D.womanteachers
59.Hehadtriedeverythingbutitmadelittle______.
A.use
B.good
C.difference
D.result
60.Youmustgettherewithinhalfanhour.Thereshouldbeno______insendingthebloodtothedyingman.
A.wait
B.delay
C.time
D.hurry
61.Enoughofit!
Nobodyherethinkswhatyouaresayingshouldmakeany______.
A.excuse
B.sense
C.use
D.value
62.-Howdareyouplayonsuchthinice?
-Playingoniceisnotmy______ofsparetime.
A.idea
B.thought
C.mind
D.
intention
63.Helensaids
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