直接引语和间接引语用法讲解19774上课讲义Word格式.docx
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→Hesaidthat
I
hadtold
him
thatstory.（You改为I,me改为him,told改为hadtold）
Hesaidtome,“She’s
left
her
bookin
your
room”.
→Hetoldmethat
shehad
my
room.（She’s→shehad，her不变，your→my）
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称（如：
I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours）变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
把直接引语中的第二人称（you，your，yours）变为和主句的间接宾语（即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称）相一致的人称。
直接引语中的第三人称（he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them）变为间接引语时，人称不变。
2、
时态的变化
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般时和过去时
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般将来进行时
过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时
过去将来完成时
Hesaid,“Iusually
watch
TVonSunday.”
→Hesaidthatheusually
watched
TVonSunday.
Hesaid,“I'
musing
theknife.”
→Hesaidthathe
wasusing
theknife.
Shesaid,“I
havenotheard
fromhimsinceMay.”
→Shesaidthatshe
hadnot
heardfromhimsinceMay.
Hesaid，“I
came
tohelpyou.”
hehadcome
tohelpme.
Hesaid,“I
hadfinished
myhomeworkbeforesupper.”
hishomeworkbeforesupper.
ZhouLansaid,“I'
lldo
itafterclass.”
→ZhouLansaidthatshe
woulddo
itafterclass.
Hesaid,“I
shallbedoing
myhomeworkthen.”
shouldbedoing
hishomeworkthen.
Hesaid,“We
shallhavefinished
theworkbythattime.”
→Hesaidthatthey
shouldhavefinished
theworkbythattime.
注意：
直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Theteachersaid,“Theearth
is
round.”
→Theteachersaidthattheearth
round.
was
borninShangdongin1965.”
borninShangdongin1965.
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
Hesays,“I
finished
thework.
Hesaysthathe
thework.
Hewillsay,“I
havewatered
theflowers.”
Hewillsayhe
haswatered
theflowers.
3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
见下表：
Hesaid,“ImetMr.Smith
this
morning.”
→HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smith
morning.
Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinema
yesterday.”
→Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinema
thedaybefore.
Lilysaid,“Iwillcomeback
nextmonth.”
→Lilysaidthatshewouldgoback
thenextmonth.
Hesaid,“Itisnineo'
clock
now.”
→Hesaidthatitwasnineo'
then.
Hesaid,“Ihaven'
tseenher
today.”
→Hesaidthathehadn'
tseenherthatday
.
Shesaid,“Iwentthere
yesterday.”
→Shesaidthatshehadgonethere
thedaybefore.
Shesaid,“I'
llgothere
tomorrow.”
→Shesaidthatshewouldgothere
thenextday.
巧记:
去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。
其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：
if（或whether）替引号，陈述语序要记牢。
时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1、直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。
如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,them,us等。
She
said,“Is
fatheranengineer?
”
→She
asked
whether
father
anengineer.
Theteacher
said
toLiMing,“Have
you
finishedyourhomework?
→Theteacher
LiMing
had
finishedhishomework.
2、直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句,改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what,where,when,who,howmany作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。
“Whatdoyoudo
everySundaymorning?
”myfriend
saidtome.
→Myfriend
whatIdid
everySundaymorning.
“Wherehaveyoubeen,LiMing?
”theteacher
asked.
wherehehadbeen.
Iaskedher,“HowmanyEnglishbookswillyou
readnextterm?
”→Iaskedher
howmanyEnglishbooksshewouldread
thenextterm.
“Whendidyou
getupthismorning?
”askedmyfather.
→Myfatheraskedme
whenIhad
gotupthatmorning.
直接引语里是：
What'
swrongwith……?
/What'
sthematter?
/What'
sthetrouble?
/Whathashappened?
/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
Hesaidtoher“What’sthematterwithyou?
”他问她“你怎么了？
Heaskedher
whatwasthematterwithher.他问她怎么了。
四、直接引语是祈使句
去掉引号要加to；
ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
He
said,“Sitdown,please.”
→He
askedmetositdown.
said,
“Don’ttalk
inclass!
”
toldusnottotalk
Thecaptain
saidtohismen,“Fire!
”
→Thecaptain
orderedhismentofire.
五、点击考点
I.改错：
1.HesaidthatheisgoingtoLondon.
2.Tomsaidtheyhadfinishedthejobyesterday.
3.Sheaskedmedon’tsmokeintheroom.
4.Theyaskedthathewasthere.
5.Iaskedyouwherewashegoing.
6.Theteachertoldusnottalkanymore.
7.Thedoctorsaidtohiswife,
Notwaitforme.
8.HeaskedmewhoIam.
9.Marysaidthatshewouldseeyoutomorrow.
10.Motheraskedwhatthematterwas.
II.将下列句子改为间接引语
1.“Wherewillyougotomorrow?
”,Motheraskedme.
2.Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”
3.Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”
4.Hesaid,“I'
llgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofminethisafternoon.”
5.“Hello,howareyou?
”,hesaidtome.
6.Tomsaidtomeangrily,“Whydon’tyoutellmeyouhavebeenherefortwoweeks?
7.JohnsaidtoMary,“DoyourememberIborrowedadiamondnecklacefromyou?
8.TheteachersaidtoLiMing,“Don’tmakethesamemistakeagain.”
9.“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?
”,Iaskedher.
10.Thenursesaidtothechildren,“Thesunrisesintheeast.”
参考答案:
I.1.is→was2.yesterday→thedaybefore
3.don’t→notto
4.that→if
5.washe→hewas
6.not后面加to7.Not→Don'
t
8.am→was
9.tomorrow→thenextday
10.wasthematter
II.1.MotheraskedmewhereIwouldgothenextday.
2.Theoldwomanaskedmetolockthedoorforher.
3.Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhadgonetoanexhibitionthedaybefore.
4.Hesaidthathewouldgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofhisthatafternoon.
5.HeaskedmehowIwas.
6.TomaskedmeangrilywhyIdidn'
ttellhimIhadbeentherefortwoweeks.
7.JohnaskedMaryifsherememberedhehadborrowedadiamondnecklacefromher.
8.TheteachertoldLiMingnottomakethesamemistakeagain.
9.Iaskedherwhethershewasleavingthatdayorthenextday.
10.Thenursetoldthechildrenthatthesunrisesintheeast.
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