英语读写译ChineseCultureWord格式.docx
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DumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeople’sfavoritetraditionaldishes.
相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。
AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint—ZhangZhongjing.
饺子的制作包括:
1)擀皮、2)备馅、3)包馅水煮三个步骤。
Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:
1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;
2)preparethedumplingstuffing;
3)makedumplingsandboilthem.
其特点是皮薄馅嫩,味道鲜美,形状独特,百食不厌。
民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。
Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There'
sanoldsayingthatclaims,"
Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings."
中国人接亲待友、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗,寓意吉利。
DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeoplewouldliketofollowtheauspicious(吉利的)customofeatingdumplings.
对崇尚亲情的中国人来讲,“更岁交子”吃饺子,更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverence(崇尚)forfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomentwhentheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbidding(表示)farewelltotheoldandusher(迎接)intheNewYear.
Unit3
针灸
Acupuncture
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分
AcupunctureisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).
按照中医的经络理论,针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血,来达到阴阳归于平衡、脏腑趋于调和之目的。
其特点是“内病外治”。
Inaccordancewiththe“mainandcollateral(旁系的)channels(渠道)”theoryinTCM,thepurposeofacupunctureistodredge(清淤)thechannelandregulate(调节)qiandblood,soastokeepthebody’syinandyangbalancedandachievereconciliation(调和)betweentheinternalorgans.ItfeaturesintraditionalChinesemedicinethat“internaldiseasesaretobetreatedwithexternaltherapy(治疗).
针灸以其独特的优势,流传至今并传播到了世界,与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外赞誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
Withitsuniqueadvantages,acupuncturehasbeenhandeddowngenerationaftergenerationandhasnowspreadallovertheworld.Nowadays,acupuncture,alongwithChinesefood,kungfu(otherwiseknownasChinesemartialarts),andtraditionalChinesemedicine,hasbeeninternationallyhailed(欢迎)asoneofthe“fournewnationaltreasures.”
主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位,或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位,以达到刺激经络,治疗病痛的目的。
Themaintherapyofacupunctureinvolvesusingneedlestopierce(扎)certainacupointsofthepatient’sbody,oradoptingmoxibustion(艾灸)tostimulate(刺激)thepatient’sacupointssoastostimulatethechannelsandrelievepain.
Unit4
中国功夫
ChineseKungFu
中国功夫即中国武术,是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目,承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。
Chinesekungfu,orChinesemartialarts,carriestraditionalChinesecultureinabundance.ItisatraditionalChinesesportwhichappliestheartofattackanddefenceincombat(战争)andthemotions(运动)engagedwithaseriesofskillandtricks.
其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说,同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。
ThecoreideaofChinesekungfuisderivedfromtheConfucian(儒家)theoryofboth“themeanandharmony”and“cultivatingqi”(otherwiseknownasnourishingone’sspirit).Meanwhile,italsoincludesthoughtsofTaoism
andBuddhism
后世所称十八般武艺,主要指:
徒手拳艺,如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等;
器械功夫,如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
Theskillsinwielding(行使)the18kindsofweaponsnamedbythelatergenerationsmainlyinvolvetheskillsofbare-handedboxing,suchasshadowboxing(Taijiquan),formandwillboxing(Xingyiquan),eighttrigrampalm(Baguazhang),andtheskillsofkungfuweaponry(武器),suchastheskillofusingswords(刀枪),spears(枪),two-edgedswords(剑)andhalberds(戟),axes(斧),tomahawks(钺),hooks(钩),prongs(叉)andsoon.
中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多,讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修,蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。
Chinesekungfuhasalonghistory,withmulti-varioussects(宗派)andmanydifferentboxingtypes,andemphasizescoupling(结合)hardnesswithsoftnessandinternalandexternaltraining.Itcontainstheancientgreatthinkers’pondering(沉思)oflifeandtheuniverse.
Unit5
中国汉字
ChineseCharacters
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画,经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意、韵的独特文字。
现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文,被认为是现代汉字的初形。
此后,汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。
汉字结构“外圆内方”,源于古人“天圆地方”的观念。
汉字有五种基本笔画,即:
横、竖、撇、捺、折。
ChineseCharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,ideaandrhymeatthesametime.
Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.
Afterwards,ChineseCharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:
bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.
ChineseCharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.
ThefivebasicstrokesofChineseCharactersare“—”(thehorizontalstroke),“〡”(theverticalstroke),“∕”theleft-fallingstroke,“\”(theright-fallingstroke),and“乙”(theturningstroke).
Unit6
中国筷子
ChineseChopsticks
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。
有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。
筷子古时称为箸,它看似简单,但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。
中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物,如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。
与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同,成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵”的意蕴。
西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
TheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.
Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.
ChopstickswasnamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessesmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.
ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.
Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorone’sownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters.”
ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.
Unit7
中国印章
ChineseSeal
印章就是图章。
中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓,而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。
据史料记载,印章在战国时代(前475—前221)已普遍使用。
印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成,形状以圆、方为主。
印章用朱色钤盖,除日常应用外,又多用于书画题识,逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
Asealcanalsobedefinedasastamp.
BoththeChineseofficialandprivatesealsofvariousdynastieshavedifferenttitles,suchasstamp,zhunote,contract,fu,leaseandothers.ThesealsusedbytheemperorsofancientChinawerecalledxi,yin,bao,etc.
Accordingtohistoricalrecords,sealswerewidelyusedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC-221BC).
Themakingofasealistoengravefonts,suchassealcharactersandofficialscriptandsoon;
orimagesintheformofintaglioandembossmentintotheseal,basicallyshapedasroundorsquare.
Coveredwithavermilionoverlay,theChinesesealisnotonlyusedindailylifebutitisalsousedtorepresentsignaturesonpaintingsandcalligraphies.ItisgraduallybecomesoneofChina’suniqueartworks.
Unit8
天干地支
ChineseEra①
ThetenHeavenlyStemstodesignatemarksoforderandthetwelveEarthlyBranches,usedincombinationwiththeHeavenlyStemstodesignateyears,months,daysandhours
甲:
thefirstofthetenHeavenlyStems乙:
thesecondofthetenHeavenlyStems丙:
thethirdofthetenHeavenlyStems丁:
thefourthofthetenHeavenlyStems戊:
thefifthofthetenHeavenlyStems己:
thesixthofthetenHeavenlyStems庚:
theseventhofthetenHeavenlyStems辛:
theeighthofthetenHeavenlyStems壬:
theninthofthetenHeavenlyStems癸:
thelastofthetenHeavenlyStems
子:
thefirstofthetwelveEarthlyBranches丑:
thesecondofthetwelveEarthlyBranches寅:
thethirdofthetwelveEarthlyBranches卯:
thefourthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches辰:
thefifthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches巳:
thesixthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches午:
theseventhofthetwelveEarthlyBranches未:
theeighthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches申:
theninthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches酉:
thetenthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches戌:
theeleventhofthetwelveEarthlyBranches亥:
thelastofthetwelveEarthlyBranches
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。
十天干为:
甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸;
十二地支为:
子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。
古人观测朔望月,发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数,而两个朔望月约是60天。
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古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配,记录不同年份,60年为一个轮回。
干支纪年法从古沿用至今。
按干支纪年法,2011年便是辛卯年。
TheChineseeraisthesymbolthatChinesecalendarusesforrecordingandnamingyears.
ThetenHeavenlyStemsare:
jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,renandgui②.ThetwelveEarthlyBranchesare:
zi,chou,yin,mou,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,hai③.
Afterobservingthelunarmonth,theancientsfoundthatthemoonalwayswaxesandwanesroughly12timesayear,andtwolunarmonthsaccountforabout60days.
Accordingtothechronologyofthe“tenHeavenlyStems”,2011istheyearof“theseventhofthetenHeavenlyStems”and“thefifthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches”.
TheChineseerachronologywasfirstinventedinancienttimeandisstillinusenow.
SotheorderofthetenHeavenlyStemsandtheorderofthetwelveEarthlyBranchesareproperlymatchedinturn.Intermsofrecordingdate,60yearsisconsideredtobeafulltimecycle.
中国丝绸
ChineseSilk
中国是丝绸的故乡。
栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。
商周时期(前1600—前256)丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。
从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世,成为