英语读写译ChineseCultureWord格式.docx

1、Dumplings are one of the Chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes. 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint Zhang Zhongjing.饺子的制作包括:1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1） make dumpling wrappers out of

2、dumpling flour; 2） prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3） make dumplings and boil them.其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Theres an old saying that claims, No

3、thing could be more delicious than dumplings.中国人接亲待友、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people would like to follow the auspicious（吉利的） custom of eating dumplings.对崇尚亲情的中国人来讲，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。To Chinese people

4、 who show high reverence（崇尚） for family love, having dumplings at the moment when the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding（表示） farewell to the old and usher（迎接） in the New Year.Unit 3针灸Acupuncture针灸是中医学的重要组成部分Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine

5、 （TCM）.按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡、脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。In accordance with the “main and collateral（旁系的） channels（渠道）” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge（清淤） the channel and regulate（调节） qi and blood, so as to keep the bodys yin and yang balanced and achieve reconcilia

6、tion（调和） between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy（治疗）.针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外赞誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now

7、spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu （otherwise known as Chinese martial arts）, and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed（欢迎） as one of the “four new national treasures.” 主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络，治疗病痛的目的。The mai

8、n therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce（扎） certain acupoints of the patients body, or adopting moxibustion（艾灸） to stimulate（刺激） the patients acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain.Unit 4中国功夫Chinese Kung Fu中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。Chinese

9、 kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat（战争） and the motions（运动） engaged with a series of skill and tricks. 其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。The core idea of Chinese kung

10、fu is derived from the Confucian（儒家） theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” （otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit）. Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。The skills in wielding（行使） the 18 kinds of weapons

11、 named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing （Taijiquan）, form and will boxing （Xingyiquan）, eight trigram palm （Baguazhang）, and the skills of kung fu weaponry（武器）, such as the skill of using swords（刀枪）, spears（枪）, two-edged swords（剑） and ha

12、lberds（戟）, axes（斧）, tomahawks（钺）, hooks（钩）, prongs（叉） and so on.中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects（宗派） and many different boxing types, and emphasizes coupling（结合） hardness with softness and internal and external training. It c

13、ontains the ancient great thinkers pondering（沉思） of life and the universe. Unit 5中国汉字Chinese Characters汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意、韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方”，源于古人“天圆地方”的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。Chinese Characters were initially meant to b

14、e simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea and rhyme at the same time.The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bo

15、nes and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards, Chinese Characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese Characters are usually round outsid

16、e and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The five basic strokes of Chinese Characters are “”（the horizontal stroke），“”（the vertical stroke），“” the left-falling stroke ，“ ”（ the right-falling stroke），and“乙”（ the turning stroke）. Unit

17、6中国筷子Chinese Chopsticks中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵”的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than

18、 three thousand years ago.Chopsticks was named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possesses multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on.Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallm

19、ark of ancient oriental civilization.Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters.”Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often use

20、d by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.Unit 7中国印章Chinese Seal印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代（前475前221）已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。 A

21、 seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seals of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals

22、 were widely used during the Warring States Period （475BC-221BC）. The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, th

23、e Chinese seal is not only used in daily life but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becomes one of Chinas unique artworks.Unit 8天干地支Chinese EraThe ten Heavenly Stems to designate marks of order and the twelve Earthly Branches, used in combination

24、 with the Heavenly Stems to designate years, months, days and hours甲:the first of the ten Heavenly Stems 乙:the second of the ten Heavenly Stems 丙:the third of the ten Heavenly Stems 丁:the fourth of the ten Heavenly Stems 戊:the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stems 己:the sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems 庚:t

25、he seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems 辛:the eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems 壬:the ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems 癸:the last of the ten Heavenly Stems子:the first of the twelve Earthly Branches 丑:the second of the twelve Earthly Branches 寅:the third of the twelve Earthly Branches 卯:the fourth of the

26、twelve Earthly Branches 辰:the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches 巳:the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 午:the seventh of the twelve Earthly Branches 未:the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches 申:the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches 酉:the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches 戌:the eleventh

27、of the twelve Earthly Branches 亥:the last of the twelve Earthly Branches天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。 The Chinese era is the symbol that Chinese ca

28、lendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia , yi , bing , ding , wu, ji , geng , xin , ren and gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi, chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai.After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always waxe

29、s and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days.According to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems”, 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.The Chinese era chronology was first invented in anc

30、ient time and is still in use now.So the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle.中国丝绸Chinese Silk中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期（前1600前256）丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为