英语阅读一自考题6Word格式文档下载.docx

英语阅读一自考题6Word格式文档下载.docx

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sannualChristmasmessagetotheCommonwealthfromthe1950sto1980s,analyzingherMajesty'

stowels.

TheythencomparedthosevowelswiththestandardaccentofsouthernEngland,asusedbyfemaleBritishbroadcastersontheBBCinthe1980s,toseehowtheroyalaccenthadchanged.

Theirconclusion:

thecut-glassspeechoftheearlyyearsoftheQueen'

sreignhasbecome—howshallwesay—somewhatcommonerovertheyears.

ThatinitselfsubtlymirrorsthechangesisBritain,fromacountrywitharigidsocialhierarchyfourdecadesagotoonewhereclassdifferenceshaveblurredandinsomeareasdisappeared.

"

TheQueen'

spronunciationofsomevowelshasbeeninfluencedbythestandardsouthern-Britishaccentofthe1980swhichismoretypicallyassociatedwithspeakerswhoareyoungerandlowerinthesocialhierarchy,"

theresearcherssay.

StandardspeechinsouthernEnglandhasbeeninfluencedbyCockneys,whoseaccentwasinitiatedbyDickVanDykeintheWaltDisneymovie"

MaryPoppins"

.

PuristswillbereassuredthattheQueen'

s"

Hice（house）ofWindsor"

willnotbecomethe"

OuseofWindsor"

（bydroppingthe'

h'

）intheforeseeablefuture.

However,therehavebeenchangesin10outofthe11vowelsoundsinthestandardEnglish.

ThesechangesbringherspeechclosertothatofherCockneysubjects,theresearchersfound.

Anexampleofthisisthewayinwhichshepronounces"

had"

.Inthe1950s,theroyalpronunciationofthiswordalmostrhymedwith"

bed"

.But30yearslater,ithadmigratedhalfwaytothestandardsouthernEnglishpronunciation,whichrhymes"

with"

bad"

TheAustralianteamsaythepronunciationofalllanguagesalterssubtlyovertime,mainlybecauseofinfluencefromtheyoung,anditisfoolishforanyonetotrytopreventchange.

Thechancesofsocietiesandacademiessuccessfullypreservingaparticularformofpronunciationagainsttheinfluenceofcommunityandsocialchangesareunlikely,"

theysay.

TheresearchwaspublishedDecember21inNature,theBritishscienceweekly.（分数：

（1）.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

∙A.ThepronunciationofalllanguageschangesSubtlyovertime.

∙B.Itisnotalwayseasytopreserveaparticularformofpronunciation.

∙C.TheQueen'

sEnglishhasbecomecommoner.

∙D.Classdifferenceshaveblurredandevendisappeared.

（分数：

2.00）

A.

B.

C. 

√

D.

解析：

[解析]主旨题。

这种题目的答案往往在主题句中。

该篇的主题句在第四段。

答案为C。

（2）.WhodidtheresearchintotheQueen'

spronunciation?

∙A.AnAustralianresearchgroup.

∙B.PhoneticiansfromaBritishUniversity.

∙C.ABritishscienceweekly.

∙D.TheBBCbroadcasters.

A. 

C.

[解析]细节题。

文章开头第二段就已经指出了研究英皇发音的是来自悉尼一所大学的语音学家。

B选项说是英国的一所大学；

C选项提到的Britishscienceweekly则是出版该研究的单位。

答案为A。

（3）.TheQueen'

spronunciationofSomevowelshasbeeninfluencedby______.

∙A.femaleBritishbroadcastersontheBBCinthe1980s

∙B.thesocialchangesinBritaininthe1980s

∙C.thestandardspeechinsouthernEngland

∙D.hersubjectsintheCommonwealthcountries

B. 

[解析]推理题。

文章第六段第一句为该题答案。

而四个选项中只有B选项更接近原文。

C选项具有迷惑性，但未指出时间是十九世纪八十年代。

而原文中已说明影响英女皇发音的南部口音与讲这种口音的社会阶层更低的年轻一代有很大关系，这种口音的背景是八十年代的社会变革。

答案为B。

（4）.BysayingthatthechangeintheQueen'

sEnglishmirrorsthesocialchangesinBritain,thewritermeans______.

∙A.therigidsocialhierarchy40yearsagohascollapsed

∙B.theQueen'

saccenthasbeeninfluencedbythelowerclass

∙C.theQueen'

saccentisassociatedwiththeyoungerspeakers

∙D.thesocialdifferencesinBritainarenolongerasdistinctasbefore

D. 

题干意为如何理解“女皇发音的变化反映出英国的社会变革”，这是文章第五段第一句的前半句。

实际上，后半句就是它的解释。

而A选项的说法错误，等级制度并没有完全瓦解（collapsed），文章只是说在部分地区等级制度消失了。

答案为D。

（5）.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotstated?

∙A.TheresearchersanalyzedtheQueen'

svowelstoseehowtheroyalaccenthadchanged.

∙B.TheresearchersfoundthattheQueen'

saccentisclosertothatofherCockneysubjects.

∙C.Itisunlikelytopreserveaparticularaccentagainstsocialchangesandinfluenceofcommunity.

∙D.ThechangeinthepronunciationofaparticularlanguageiscloselyassociatedwiththeRoyalspeech.

选项A、B、C都能在文章中找到对应部分，只有D选项在文中没有提及。

四、{{B}}Passage2{{/B}}（总题数：

WhotakescareoftheelderlyintheUnitedStatestoday?

Thefactisthatfamilymembersprovideover80%ofthecarethatelderlypeopleneed.Inmostcasestheelderlyliveintheirownhomes,averysmallpercentageofAmerica'

selderlyliveinnursinghomes.

SamuelPreston,asociologistattheUniversityofPennsylvania,studiedhowtheAmericanfamilyischanging.HereportedthatbythetimetheaverageAmericancouplereachesabout40yearsofage,theirparentsareusuallystillalive.ThestatisticsshowthechangeinlifestylesandresponsibilitiesofagingAmericans.Theaveragemiddle-agedcouplecanlookforwardtocaringforelderlyparentssometimeaftertheirownchildrenhavegrownup.Moreover,becausepeopletodaylivelongerafteranillnessthanpeopledidyearsago,familymembersmustprovidelong-termcare.Thesefactsalsomeanthataftercaregiversprovidefortheirelderlyparents,whowilleventuallydie,theywillbeoldandmayrequirecaretoo.Whentheydo,theirspouses（配偶）willprobablytakecareofthembecausetheyhavehadfewerchildrenthantheirparentsdid.

BecauseAmericansarelivinglongerthanever,moresocialworkershavebeguntostudywaysofcaregivingtoimprovethecareoftheelderly.Theyhavefoundthatallcaregiversshareacommoncharacteristic:

theybelievethattheyarethebestpeopleforthejob.Thesocialworkershavealsodiscoveredthreebasicreasonswhythecaregiverstakeontheresponsibilityofcaringforanelderly,dependentrelative.Manycaregiversbelievetheyhadanobligation（职责）tohelptheirrelatives.Somethinkthathelpingothersmakesthemfeelmoreuseful.Othershopethatbyhelpingsomeonenow,theywilldeservecarewhentheybecomeoldanddependent.（分数：

（1）.SamuelPreston'

sstudyshowsthat______.

∙A.lifestylesandresponsibilitiesoftheelderlyarenotchanging

∙B.mostAmericancouplesover40havenolivingparents

∙C.middleagedAmericanshavetotakecareoftheirchildrenandparentsatthesametime

∙D.elderlypeoplemayneedcareforalongtimebecausetheylivelongerafteranillness

由第二段内容可知，A、B、C项均错误，由“Moreover,becausepeople...providelong-termcare”一句可知，D项正确。

（2）.Whowillmostprobablytakecareofthemiddle-agedAmericanswhentheyneedcarethemselves?

∙A.Theythemselves.

∙B.Theirclosefriends.

∙C.Theirchildren.

∙D.Theirhusbandsorwives.

由第二段最后一句可知，他们夫妻间相互照顾。

D项正确。

（3）.Allcaregiversbelievethattheycan______.

∙A.carefortheirelderlyparentsbetterthananyotherpeople

∙B.keepclosertotheiroldparentsbythismeans

∙C.domuchbetteriftheyhaveajobassocialworkers

∙D.improvethecareoftheelderlywiththehelpofthesocialworkers

由第三段第二句“Theybelievethattheyarethebestpeopleforthejob”可知A项正确。

bethebestpeopleforsth.意为“做某事做得最好的人”。

（4）.Whichofthefollowingisnotareasonwhypeoplelookaftertheirrelatives?

∙A.Theyfeeltheyareofusetootherpeople.

∙B.Theywanttosetanexampletotheirchildren.

∙C.Theythinkitistheirdutytohelptheirrelatives.

∙D.Theyhopetheydeservecarewhentheyneedit.

从最后一段的后三句话可知，A、C、D项均是人们照顾亲人的原因，B项文中没有提到。

（5）.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

∙A.Mostoldpeoplelivelongertodayafteranillnessthanpeopledidyearsage.

∙B.Manyoldpeopleareputintonursinghomesbytheirfamilies,whodonotvisitthemregularly.

∙C.Mostelderlypeoplearetakencareofbytheirfamilies,whoassumetheresponsibilityfordifferentreasons.

∙D.Mostelderlypeoplearesatisfiedwiththebetterwaysofcaregivingthatsocialworkershavecomeupwith.

本文讲了美国老人问题，他们常由家人照顾，并且讲述了他们家人照顾他们的原因。

五、{{B}}Passage3{{/B}}（总题数：

Beforethe1850'

stheUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,churchconnectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwastoshapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.

ThroughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped,bearingtheancientnameofuniversity.InGermanyadifferentkindofuniversityhaddeveloped.TheGermanuniversitywasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.Betweenmidcenturyandtheendofthe1800'

s,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.Someofthemreturnedtobecomepresidentsofvenerablecolleges,Harvard,Yale,Columbiaandtransformthemintomodernuniversities.Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtinanewkindoffaculty.Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausetheywereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.Thenewprinciplewasthatauniversitywastocreateknowledgeaswellaspassiton,andthiscalledforafacultycomposedofteacher'

scholars.DrillingandlearningbyrotewerereplacedbytheGermanmethod