英美概况论文1126Word文档格式.docx
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2Score:
摘要:
美国是一个相对于其他国家历史较短的年轻的国家。
然而不超过240年历史的美国是如何发展成现在的泱泱大国呢?
首先,我们应该从它的历史原因来分析,美国是一个被殖民扩张影响较早的国家,欧洲的殖民者开拓了美国的沿海岸,建立了13个殖民地,并且在此进行往来贸易,客观上加速美国经济的发展,当它独立后它将以飞跃的速度发展。
独立战争,使美国得到了解放。
美国内战,解除了黑人奴隶制,为美国资本主义的发展创造了条件和解除了障碍。
两次世界大战,美国大发战争财,为其崛起提供了大量的资金。
二战后,美国的政治地位也得到了显著地提高。
其次,美国的崛起还离不开它的一些自然条件,诸如适宜人居住的地形,气候条件,以及适合耕种的土地。
美国是一个自然资源丰富的国家,偌大的领土上分布着丰富的矿产资源,为美国进行工业革命提供了前提条件。
再者,美国的政治体制,三权分立,克服了专断主义,从而保持清明的政治。
科学的资本主义经济制度使美国的经济得以飞速发展。
最后,美国的教育方式为其培养了大量的人才,也在推动美国崛起付出了不可估量的力量。
Summary:
TheUnitedStatesisayoungcountryhavingashorthistoryincomparisonwithothercountries.ButhowAmericawassuccessfulindevelopingintoagreatcountry?
Firstly,weshouldanalysethereasonsfromitshistory.AmericawasacountrywhichwascolonizedbyEuropeancountriesearlyandinfluencedbythemdeeply.TheEuropeancolonistshaveexpandedthecoastofAtlanticocean,founded13colonies,andcarriedonbusinesshere,whichquickenedthespeedofeconomicaldevelopmentinAmericaobjectively.Especiallyaftertheindependentwar,Americacoulddevelopitseconomyfreely.Notover100yearslater,theCivilWarbrokeout.ItproducedTheEmancipationProclamation,whichcreatedadvantageousconditionsandswepttheobstaclesawayforthedevelopmentofcapitalisteconomy.AsfortheriseofAmerica,wealsoshouldtakethetwoWorldWarintoconsideration.Duringtheroughperiodofwar,Americatookadvantageofitsnorelationtothewartomakeprofitsbysellingweaponstothecountriesthathadbeeninvolvedinthesituation,whichprovidedalargesumofcapitalforitsrising.AftertheSecondWorldWar,theUnitedStates'
politicalpositionhasbeenraised.Secondly,Americahascomfortableclimate,landformssuitableforliving,andfertileandarablelandforagriculture.Inaddition,AmericaisrichmineralresourceswhichisabasicconditionforproceedingIndustrialRevolution.Thirdly,theU.S.enjoysagoodandcorrectpoliticalsystemwiththepowersdividedintothreeparts,whichavoidsthepowerbeingconcentratedonsomebody.Therefore,wecanfindthatAmericaisruledreasonably.Also,thescientificeconomicalsystemhascontributedtotheriseofAmerica.
关键字:
崛起;
历史;
政治;
经济
KeyWords:
Rise;
History;
Politics;
Economy
1.Naturalconditions
1.1Geographicalposition
ToanalysetheraiseofAmerica,wecannotignorethenaturalconditionsofthiscountry.Thefirstfactorisitsgeographicposition.MostterritoryofAmericaiscontainedinthesouthofNorthAmerica,mainlywithinthenortherntemperatezone.However,becauseofthelargesizeandvariedlandforms,thedifferentareapresentsdifferentclimatestyle,whichhasangreatinfluenceonAmerica'
sagriculture.Secondly,theUnitedStatesonlyhastwoneighborsinitsmajorcontinent:
CanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.FewneighboringcountrieskeepAmericainasafeinternationalsituation.AlsoAmerica'
spositioninglobeprovidedmanyadvantagesforitsdevelopment.Thirdly,thelandformsofUnitedStatesismadeupofthreebasicgeographicalareas,includingtheAtlanticSeacoastandtheAppalachianMountainsintheeast,thegreatMississippiRiverBasininthemiddleandtheRockieswesttothePacificOcean.PeopleliveinAmericacanusethedifferentlandformstodevelopallkindsofindustries.Finally,theeastandwestofAmericaareseparatelysurroundedbytheAtlanticOceanandPacificOceanwhichhaseffectsontheclimates.
1.2Landforms
ThesurfaceregionofthewesternAmericaismountainous.RockyMountainslikealongdragonspreadsallthewayfromMexicotoArctic,withitstopcoveredbysnowallaroundtheyear,becauseofitshighaltitude.Asaresult,anumberofnationalparks,38intotal,havebeenestablishedheretoentertainthetouristswithstrikingandvariesscenery.Accordingtotheresultofstatisticssurveyedbefore,approximately180milliontravellersfromallovertheworldvisitthereeveryyear.IntheAtlanticSeacoastarescatteredanumberoffinedeep-waterharbours,whichofferconvenientmarinetransportationforforeigntradeandcontributetothedevelopmentofAmerica'
snavigationenterprise.Inaddition,itisconvenientforindustriestoimportrawmaterialsfromothercountriesandexportmanufacturedproductstoallovertheworld,greatlypromotingthegrowthofAmerica'
seconomy.ThecentreofAmericaistheGreatMississippiRriverBasin,whichconsistsofalargeareabetweentheAppalachianMountainsoneastandtheRockyMountainsonthewest.Itslargesizeandrichsoilhavemadethisareawell-knownas"
BarnofAmerica"
andthefood-basketofthenation,whichmeansitisthechiefagriculturalproductionregion.WhentheIndustrialRevolutionwasproceeding,meanwhile,agriculturealsounderwentitsownrevolution.Withmoreandmoreusefulandefficientfarmmachineshavingbeencreated,mechanizationproductionhascametruehereandthiswayofproducinghasincreasedtheagriculturalproductgreatly.
2.Naturalresources
Usuallywhenwetalkaboutthereasonsofacountry'
sraiseweneedinquireintoitsnaturalresources.AfterlearningtheoutlineintroductionofUnitedStatesweknowthatAmericaisacountryfullofresources.
2.1Waterresources
Asweallknow,waterisoneoftheimportantnecessitiesforliving.TheUntiedStateshassixprimaryriversincontinentalNorthAmerica.Thesenotonlysupplywaterforfamilies'
dailylifebutalsosupporttheproduceofindustries.Moreandmorehydropowerstationshavebeenfoundedsoastomakefulluseofwaterresourceinrecentdecades.Ononehand,itsolvestheshortageofpowerresourcesinmostareas.Ontheotherhand,generatingelectricitybywaterproducelesspollutionthatbycoal.Further,thewaterresourceisrenewableenergy,butcoalresourcenot.TheMississippiRiver,"
fatherofWaters"
isalsothelargestriverinUnitedStates,flowingacrossthewholecontinentofAmericafromnorthtosouth.Thesedimentoftherivermakethesoilinthisareaveryrichandsuitableforagriculturalplantation.
2.2Landresources
ThenIwilltalkabouttheLandresourcesoftheUnitedStates.Americansusedtospeakoftheircountryas"
thelandofopportunities"
whereeveryonecouldliveagoodlifeprovidedheworkedhard.America'
stotalareaisrankedtheforthintheworldandhasplentyoffertilesoilowingtotherivers,what'
smore,over47%ofAmerica'
slandcanbeusedforfarmland.Theconditionofpossessingwideareaandmucharablelandmakeitmucheasiertodevelopitsagricultureandbreedenoughfoodtomenditspeople'
sdemand,atthesametime,descentthepressureofimportingagriculturalproducts.Especiallylikemilkandmeat,whichshouldbekeptfreshanddon'
tadapttobetransportedlongtime,Americacanrealizeself-contention.Agriculture,astheprimaryindustry,isthefoundationofthegrowthofSecondaryandServiceindustry.
2.3Timberresources
Generallyspeaking,manyforestsarededicatedtothedevelopmentofAmerica'
seconomy.InAmericaforestscoverlargeareas,especiallytheeasternandwesternpart.Oncethecolonistssetfootontheland,theyhaverealizedtheexistofthepreciousproperty.Undoubtedly,intheprimitiveexpansionofexploiterstheforestshaveprovidedalargequantitiesoftimberresources.Untilnow,manyspectacularhousesoftheUnitedStatesfoundedinthesuburbsaremadeofwood.Meanwhile,withsoabundanttimberresources,Americanscouldexportthemtoothercountriesandreplantnewtreestoreplacethevacantroom,socontinuouswealthwillpourintothecountry.
2.4Mineralresources
SimilartoChina,Americaisalsorichinmineralresources,coal,ironore,oil,forexample,rankingintheworldwithgreateststore.Besides,suchascopper,zinc,gold,andsilverareinlargequantities,too.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,Humanbeingshasenteredintothegreatageofsteam.Thereisnodoubtthatitneedsmuchcoaltomotivatethesteamenginesandmakethemperformnormally.PlentifulcoalmineresourcesmadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesinthefirstindustrialrevolutionandthecountrytookitsadvantagestorealizethefirstadvanceindevelopmentbyleapsandbounds.Aboutin1860s,thesecondonesweptacrossthewholeworld.Thecreationofcarputtheoilindustryinmotionanddriveittodeveloppromptly.Nowadays,oilismuchmoreneededthanbefore.Inoneword,abundantmineralresourcesprovidemoreandmoreopportunitiesforAmericaatthetimeswhenresourcesaredemandedextremely.
3.Historicalfactor
Aboutfivehundredyearsago,nativesofNorthAmericacontinent,whowerecalledIndian,livedatriballifebyhunting,fishing,anddoingfarmingworkinthevastandfertileterritory.Until1492,ChristopherColumbus,anItalian,wasfinancedbytheSpanishkingtosailedwestfromSpanishinsearchofasearoutetotheFarEast.InsteadoffindingtheIndia,theyfoundtheislandsoftheCaribbean,locatedincentralAmerica,andbelievedthatitwasIndia,sothenativeswerenamedIndiansincethen.Thenewly-foundcontinentwasnamedafterthediscovererandwasknownasAmerican.ItwasalsothefirsttimefortheEuropeantosteponthatlargecontinent.Therefore,evennowadayswealsoconsiderAmericanasNewWorldcountry,whichhasashorthistory,comparedwithothercountries.
AfterthediscoveryofNorthAmerica,manyadventurersfromSpanishbegantosailtothenewfascinatingworldandwanttoconquerit,includingotherareasaroundAmerica.ItwasnotlongbeforemanyplaceswerestrictlycontrolledbytheSpanishKingasroyalproperty.Nearlyatthesametime,afewEnglishadventurersalsostartedtoexploretheeastcoastofNor