高中英语人教版必修1教案 Unit1Friendship Grammar 教案系列sanWord格式.docx
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Myfriendsaidshe(he)wouldgotherethenextday.
5.Ifboththetimeandtheplacehavechanged,theothershouldsay:
He(She)saidhe(she)wouldgotherethenextday.
Ifstudentslearnthegrammarthisway,itiseasierforthemtograsp.
教学重点
SummarizetherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.
教学难点
Getthestudentstolearnaboutthespecialcasesinwhichthetensesshouldn’tbechanged.
教学方法
Discussing,summarizingandpracticing
教具准备
Aprojectorandothernecessaryteachingtools
三维目标
Knowledgeaims:
GetthestudentstolearnandgrasptherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.
Abilityaims:
Getthestudentstobeabletousetherulestoexpresstheirmeaningsandretailothers’correctly.
Emotionalaims:
1.Getthestudentsnottobeafraidofgrammarlearning.
2.Getthestudentstodeveloptheirsenseofgroupcooperation.
教学过程
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Haveadictationtowritesomeimportantwordsandexpressions.
Suggestedwordsandexpressions:
upset ignore concern loose cheat reason share nature thunder entirely gothrough hideaway calmdown setdown growcrazyabout onpurpose facetoface accordingto
3.Translatesomesentencesusingthepatternswehavelearned.
Suggestedsentences:
1)为了上课不迟到,他七点钟就出发了。
(inorderto)
2)小明昨天没来上学确实是因为生病了。
(Itis...that...)
3)这小房间里太闹。
(fartoomuch)
4)那是我第一次到北京。
(Itis/wasthefirst/secondtime/that...)
Suggestedanswers:
1)Inordernottobelateforclass,hesetoffatseveno’clock./Hesetoffatseveno’clockinordernottobelateforclass.
2)ItisbecausehewasillthatXiaomingdidn’tcometoschool.
3)Thereisfartoomuchnoiseinthesmallroom.
4)ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeentoBeijing.
→Step2Lead-in
Telltheclass:
Inthelastlesson,welearnedAnneFrank’sstory.Sheistellingherstoriestotwoofherfriends—youandMary.Maryhassomethingwrongwithherears,soyouhavetorepeatAnne’ssentences,usingIndirectspeech.SometimesyouexplainMary’ssentencestoAnne.
“Ihavetostayinthehidingplace.”saidAnne.
→Annesaidshehadtostayinthehidingplace.
“Doyoufeelsadwhenyouarenotabletogooutdoors?
”MaryaskedAnne.
→MaryaskedAnneif/whethershefeltsadwhenshewasnotabletogooutdoors.
“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.
→Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.
“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?
”Maryasked.
→Maryaskedwhatshecalledherdiary.
...
Getthestudentstogoonthistopicbythemselves.
→Step3Grammar
1.Telltheclass:
Nowlet’slookatthesesentencesagain.IfwewanttochangeDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeech,whatshouldbechanged?
2.Getthestudentsdiscussbythemselves.
Perhapsmoststudentscanfindsentencestructures,tenses,pronouns,adverbialsoftimeandplaceandverbsshouldbechanged.
3.Showthestudentstheformonthescreen.Thesearetherules.
当我们引用别人的话时,如果我们引用别人的原话,被引用的部分就叫直接引语,一般用“”引起来。
如果我们用自己的话把意思转述出来,被转述的部分称为间接引语,间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:
人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1)直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导。
Marysaid,“Iamveryhappytohelpyou.”
→Marysaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.
2)直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if引导。
Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingbasketball?
”
→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingbasketball.
注意:
大多数情况下,if和whether都可以用,但后面和ornot连用时或在动词不定式前或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。
SheaskedmewhetherIcoulddoitornot.
3)直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由原句的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。
Mysisteraskedme,“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?
→MysisteraskedmewhatIthoughtofthefilm.
4)注意事项
(1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。
HeaskedLucy,“Wherehaveyoubeen?
→HeaskedLucywhereshehadbeen.
Marysaid,“Whatdoyouwant,Ann?
→MaryaskedAnnwhatshewanted.
(2)直接引语是客观事实、真理、规律等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。
Theteachertoldhisstudents,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
→Theteachertoldhisstudentsthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
(3)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenmydaughtertoday.”
→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenhisdaughterthatday.
如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就没必要改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
时态变化规律表
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
过去完成时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一些常用词变化规律表
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
today
thatday
tomorrow
thenext(following)day
nextweek/month/...
thenext(following)week/month...
yesterday
thedaybefore
lastweek/month/...
theweek/month/...before
threedays/months/...ago
threedays/month/...
thisweek/month/...
thatweek/month...
地点
here
there
动词
come
go
Option:
如果学生基础较好,语法部分也可用英语讲解。
1.DirectSpeech
Indirectspeech,theoriginalspeaker’sexactwordsaregivenandareindicatedbyquotationmarks.
“Idon’tknowwhattodo,”saidTom.
Insomegrammarbooks,“saidTom”isreferredtoasareportingclause.“Idon’tknowwhattodo,”isreferredtoasthereportedclause.
2.IndirectSpeech
Inindirectspeech,theexactmeaningofthespeaker’swordsisgiven,buttheexactwordsarenotdirectlyquoted.
Tomsaidthathedidn’tknowwhattodo.
Toconvertdirectspeechintoindirectspeech:
Ifthemainverbispasttense,presenttenseverbsin“thatclause”mustalsobechangedtopasttense.
Firstandsecondpersonpronounsmustbechangedtothirdpersonpronouns.
(Theword“that”canoftenbeleftout:
Tomsaidhedidn’tknowwhattodo.)
3.IndirectQuestions
Thesamerulesapplytoindirectquestionsastoindirectstatements.Thedifferenceisthatawh-clauseisusedinsteadofathatclause.
Directquestion:
“DidDick’shorsewinaprize?
”Owenasked.
Indirectquestions:
Owenaskedwhether/ifDick’shorsehadwonaprize.
“Whywon’tyoumarryme?
”askedDonald.
Indirectquestion:
Donaldaskedherwhyshewouldn’tmarryhim.
﹡Intellingastoryorrecountingevents,aspeakerusingdirectspeechhasalltheresourcesofintonationtoproducealivelyaccount.Becauseindirectspeechisalwaysreportedbysomeoneelse,theaccountismorereservedandrestrained.
“Whatshallwedo?
”askedMary.
“Don’tworry,Mary,”saidDick,“I’vegotaplan.”
MaryaskedDickwhattheyshoulddo.Hetoldhernottoworryandthathehadgotaplan.
﹡Theabilitytochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeechisausefulskillforthoseengagedintakingtheminutesofameetingorreportingonevents.
Directspeech:
“Firstofall,Iwouldliketothankeverybodywhohelpedwiththefair.Theresultswereverygood,andwewillnowbeabletobuytwomorecomputers.”
Indirectspeech:
Theprincipalsaidthathewouldliketothankeverybodywhohadhelpedwiththefair.Heannouncedthattheresultswereverygoodandthattheschoolwouldnowbeabletobuytwomorecomputers.
→Step4Practice(Discoveringusefulstructures)
GetthestudentstoturntoPage5.Pleasechangethefollowingdirectspeechintoindirectspeechandindirectintodirect.
1.“I’mgoingtohidefromtheGerman