言语幽默与翻译以《围城》为例Word格式文档下载.docx

言语幽默与翻译以《围城》为例Word格式文档下载.docx

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16）

Owingtoitsmagicpower,Humorhasanirreplaceablepositioninrelievingstressandsmoothinghumanrelationship.However,becauseofcontaininglotsoflinguisticsandculturalconnotations,humorhasstrongnationfeatures.Soitisdifficultforpeopletoperceivetheuniqueartisticeffectsandwittyexpressedinanotherlanguage.Ontheotherhand,itisnowanerawhenglobalizationisdevelopingrapidlyandcross-cultureexchangebecomesnecessary.Humorisanindispensablepartofanation’slanguageandcultureaswellasarichresourceoftheworld.Therefore,toexploreonhumortranslationbecomesextremelyimportant.（这段话描述貌似不很合理）

1.2WhyisFortressBesiegedTakenastheMainSubject?

（同1.1）

FortressBesieged,amasterpieceofQianZhongshu,hasbeenacclaimedas“oneofmodernChina’sbestnovels…ProfessorC.T.Hsia（XiaZhiqing）hashighlypraisedthenovel’scomicexuberanceandsatire.”（JeanneKelly&

NathanK.Mao,2003:

v）Thereareagoodnumberofpapersrelatedtotheartoflanguageinthenovel,butfewofstudythosehumorousexpressionsinthenovelfromthepointviewoftranslation,whichleavessomewhatavacancyincross-culturalexchanges.Thosehumorousdescriptionsplayakeyroleindeepeningthethemesofthenovel.Agoodcomprehensionofthemisgoingtohelpone’sunderstandingofthewriter’sintentionaswellasthethemeofthenovel.FortressBesieged,inEnglishtranslationofthenovel,mostofthewitty,ironicalandsatiricalexpressionshavedisappeared.Thespiritthenoveloriginallypossessedismissingintranslationversion,leadingforeignreaderstoaninadequateunderstandingofQianZhoushu.（ZhangQuan,1991：

88）

1.3TheStructureofthePaper

Thepaperconsistsof4chapters.Chapteroneistheintroductionofthepaper.Chaptertwoistheliteraturereview,focusingondefinitionsofhumoranditsclassification.Italsoprovidesareviewofideasuponhumoranditstranslation.ChapterThreeincludesabriefintroductiontothenovelFortressBesiegedanditsEnglishversion,andthenfollowsacasestudyaswellasananalysisofthetranslationsofsomehumorousexpressions；

ChapterFouristheconclusionofthepaper.

【1.1、1.2、1.3最好不要出现在正文中间，与正文没有实际联系，可以删除】

2.1ApproachestodefinitionsofHumor（？

？

）

What’shumor?

Generally,humorisconsideredallthosethatcanmakepeoplelaugh.Funnystories,scenes,wittyideas,andthoughtsareallthesourcesofhumor.InboththeEastandtheWest,humorisfamiliartopeopleandisusedindailylifeaswellasinliteraryworks,yet,itishardtoofferitapreciseandscientificdefinition.

2.2NatureofHumorandClassificationsofHumor

Itisnecessarytonoticethecharacteristicsofhumor（不完整的句子表达）.Humoringeneralencompassesfourelements:

a.laughter,thecarrierofhumor;

b.unexpectedness,humortendstobeofftheconventionaltrackofthinking;

c.pleasure,themostdesirableone;

d.playfulspirit（XuLixin,2003：

20）Inspiteofthedifferentnotionsonthenatureofhumorbydifferenttheorists,humorinessenceisusuallynotawayfromthelawofcontradiction,acontrastofbeingrationalandirrational,goodandbad,trueandfalse,etc（这句话不知道与上下文有什么联系）.ThehumorousexpressionsinFortressBesiegedalsomeettheseconditions.WemaynoticethatdevicesforproducinghumorsarealmostidenticalinChineseandEnglishlanguages,bothusinghyperbole,pun,irony,parody,word-play,anticlimax,simileandmetaphor,etc.

Ingeneral,humorcanbeclassifiedintofourtypes：

“aqualityorcapacityoftheinterlocutor;

afeatureofthediscourseorsituation;

theobjectivemanifestation（intheformofliteraryworksorotherdiscoursesortheeventorthesituationitself）andatechniqueofexpression.”（XuLixin,2003：

16）Thisisabroaderwayofclassification.Thereareseveralmorespecificdifferentiationsonhumoraccordingtopreviousresearch.MaoRongguidividedhumorintosituational,non-situational.（ShenGuangqiu,2003:

2）Theformerreferstothosedevoidoflinguisticvariations,andistranslatable.Thelatterdependsontheplayonlinguisticselementsandisdifficulttotranslate.

2.3HumorandTranslation

2.3.1AnOverview

HumorhaslongbeenatopicdiscussedbyscholarsinboththeWestandtheEast.Studiesandexplorationsofhumoranditstranslationhavealwaysbeengoingoninacademicfieldsinspiteofthepacebeingratherslowbecauseofthecomplexityandthesheerdifficultyattachedtotheverytopic---humorandtranslation.

Non-translatabilityofhumordominatestheareaontheinitialstageofdevelopment,whichisalsoreflectedinacollectionofpaperspublishedin1984.（JinShaoyu,1984:

491）LiuMiqingalsospecifiedtheinvolveddifficultiesinhisbookStyleandTranslationbysayingthatthewittinessembeddedinhumorousandpunninglanguagescaneasilybelostintranslation,thustheyarealmostuntranslatable.Asamatteroffact,tilltodayhumorrenderingisquiteahardtargettohitintranslationpracticesevenifsomenewtrendshavesparkled.

Withtheprogressoftranslationtheories,humorrenderingcanbeseenfromarelativelynewperspective—functionalism,whichwouldbeachallengetothetraditionaltranslationtheories.Intheirpointsofopinion,thecauseforthepreviousnotion（non-translatability）isitsadherencetoconventionalview:

translationisaprocessoflinguistictransfer.

2.3.2FunctionalistApproachtoHumorTranslation

Functionalismgiveshintstosometranslators,focusingonthefunctionorfunctionsofthetextsandtranslations.（ChristianeNord,2001:

1）Therearethreesub-branchesderivedfromfunctionalismrespectivelybythreescholars,KatharianReiss,HansJ.Vermeer,andJustaHolz-Manttari,whohavesomeslightlydifferentinterpretationstowardsfunctionalismasawhole.Itisirrationaltomakeaclear-cutdivisionamongtheminpracticalsituationsbecausetheirideasoverlapalot.However,thethreepeoplehaveonepointincommon,thatis,allofthemhavemovedawaymoreorlessfromthelinguisticallyorientedtranslationtheory,whichwasclearlystatedinVermeer’swords.“Linguisticsalonewon’thelpus…Solet’slooksomewhereelse.’’（ChristianeNord,2001:

10）Theyagreewiththeclaimthattranslation,asacomplicatedactivity,callsforfunctionalequivalenceasaprimeprincipleotherthanlinguisticsequivalence.Comparedwiththetraditionalviews,functionalistapproachinsiststhatanidealtranslationistobemeasuredbyfunctionalequivalenceinthesourcetextandinthetargettext.

Indealingwithhumortranslation,theSkoposisgenerallythemostcitedoneasatheoreticalbasis．Vermeer’sSkopostheorieisadmittedasanimportantstepinthedevelopmentoffunctionalistapproachtotranslation.TheSkoposrulethusreadsasfollows：

translate／interpret／speak／writeinawaythatenablesyourtext／translationtofunctioninthesituationinwhichitisusedandwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselyinthewaytheywantittofunction．”（ChristianeNord，2001：

29）SoSkopos，aGreekword，technicallyreferstothepurposeoraimofthetargettext．Therefore，translationintheeyeofVenneermeansanofferofinformationforthetargetaudience．

Vermeer’stheoryandthetraditionalonesdefinetranslationdifferently,leadingtotheirdifferentviewsontranslationequivalence（TE），adisputed，repeatedlydiscussedandinescapableissueinbothmodernandtraditionaltranslationstudies.EquivalenceisnotabandonedintheframeworkofSkopostheoriebutredefinedasequivalenceofthesamecommunicativefunctionorfunctionsasthesourcetext．Apieceoftranslation，underfunctionalistapproach，isnolongermeasuredbyequivalenceonlinguisticlevelbutthatofthefunctionthetargettexthasachieved，whichisaccordinglyoftenaccompaniedbysubstantialalterationintranslating．Skopostheorieisacceptedbysomescholarsasatheoreticalguideinthetranslationofhumorousdiscourse．OuyangLifeng，asoneofthescholars，reconsidersthetranslationofhumoroustextsfromthestandpointoffunctionalisttranslation．Hehassuccessfullykeptthehumorinthetargetlanguagebyalteringtheinformationinthesourcetext．HerearetwoexamplesfromhisessayHowtoTranslateHumor.（OuyangLifeng,2003:

50-53）

Examplel：

AfamedChinesediplomatattendedagalareceptioninWashingtonintheearlypartoftheday．ASenatelady,tryingtostartapoliteconversation，asked“Dr．Wong，what‘nese’areyou?

Chinese，JapaneseorJavanese?

’’“Chinese，”hereplied，“andyou,madam?

What‘kee’areyou?

Monkey,donkeyorYankee?

’’

TheChineseversion：

一位著名的中国外交官出席了上午早些时候在华盛顿举行的招待会。

一位女议员喜欢故作文雅，问：

“王先生，请问你是什么‘人’?

中国人，日本人还是爪哇人?

”

“中国人，”他回答说，“夫人，你呢?

你是什么‘老’？

老猴，老驴还是老美?

Example2：

A：

Whatmakesaroadbroad?

B：

Theletter“B”．

甲：

什么