上海各区高三英语一模卷汇编概要写作教师版Word文件下载.docx

上海各区高三英语一模卷汇编概要写作教师版Word文件下载.docx

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One【宝山一模】

BeyondIdentity

Weoftenthinkofourselvesasourbody,mind,andemotions.Wetakethesethreeelementsandmakeacombination.However,wealsooftentalkaboutaperson’ssoul.Isthereanyscientificbasisforthesoul?

Surprisingly,thereis.Eachuniquepersonalityapersonhas（evenincircumstancesofmemorylossandotherillnesses）,thefeelingandidentityoftheselfbeyondage（especiallyexperiencedaswegrowolder）,andourinevitablesubjectiveexperienceasanindividualconsistofascientificfoundationforthesoul.

Despitetheconstantshiftinthelinksbetweenourbraincells,weremainessentiallythesamepersonality.Thisconsistencyismostobviousinthecaseofmentallyillpatientsorpeoplewhohaveexperiencedmemoryloss.AccordingtoScientificAmerican:

Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshinethrough.

Besidesone’spersonality,thesoulofapersoncanbeidentifiedthroughone’sconsciousness.Thoughwecommonlyidentifywithourbodyandwhatweseeinthemirror,wealsohaveasensethatwearenotacertainage—asoursenseofselfusuallyleanslessonageandratheronoursubjectivefeelingofwhoweareessentially.

Lastly,eachpersonisinevitablysubjectiveabouthisorherexperience.Despitehumansbeingvery,verysimilartoeachotherinDNAandoverallcomposition,ourunderstandingofrealityisvastlydifferentfromindividualtoindividual.AccordingtoPsychologyToday,“Whilesciencehasmadetremendousprogressexplainingthefunctioningofthebrain,whywehaveasubjectiveexperienceremainsmysterious.Theproblemofthesoulliesexactlyhere,inunderstandingthenatureoftheself,the“I”inexistencethatfeelsandliveslife.

Thesoulofapersonisincrediblychallengingtoprovescientifically.However,wecansaythatthesoulhassomebasisinscience.Theserealitiesofourbehavior,character,andthewayyounoticethingsmightnotbetestedstrictly,buttheyareverydifficulttodeny.

Two【黄浦一模】

Singapore’sInformationTechnologyStrategy

Singapore’sinformationtechnologystrategyrestsontwomajorlegs.Thefirstlegisworld-classbasicfacilities.Beingacity-state,itisrelativelyeasytoconnecteveryhome,officeandhotelroom.Ourobjectiveistoprovidebroad-bandeverywhere,eitherwiredorwireless.Wewillmakeitareadilyavailableutilitylikewater,electricity,gasandtelephone.Wearewellonourwaythere.Wenowrequire,byregulation,everynewhometobeequippedwithbroad-bandinthesamewayasitisrequiredtohavewaterandelectricity.

ThesecondlegistheeducationofourentirepopulationinIT（informationtechnology）.Likereading,writingandarithmetic,computersarebestlearntwhenweareyoung.Today’schildrencanclickthemousefasterthanwecanblink.Inmanycountries,childrenofmiddle-classfamilieshavenodifficultywiththisnewtechnology.But,withoutspecialeffort,thereisadangerthatchildrenofpoorerfamilieswillmissoutontheopportunitytolearnIT.Likethepianoandviolin,onecanstilllearnthecomputerasanadult.Butrarelydoesoneacquirethesamefacility.ThestrategyinSingaporeisthereforetoteachinformationtechnologytoeverychildregardlessofhisfamilybackground.TheEducationMinistrynowhasamulti-billiondollarprogrammetoprovideonecomputerforevery2schoolchildreninSingaporefromfirstgradeonwards.Everyteacherwillhaveanotebook.

MostSingaporeansnowunderstandtheimportanceofIT,ifnotforthemselves,atleastfortheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Over40%ofhouseholdsinSingaporenowownPCs.Overone-thirdofhouseholdsinSingaporealreadyenjoyaccesstoInternet.WhatwewantisforeverySingaporeantobecomputerliteratesothathecanfunctioneffectivelyinanybank,factoryorrestaurant,justasonewouldexpectanemployeetobeabletoread,writeandcount.AnemployerinSingaporeinthefutureshouldnothavetoworrythathisemployeedoesnotknowhowtouseacomputerortheInternet.

Three【崇明一模】

TrainYourBrain

Whenwasthelasttimesomethingimportantslippedyourmind?

Fortunately,memorycanbeimproved.People’sabilitytorememberhaslesstodowithnaturaltalentthanitdoeswithtrainingandpractice.

Whenstudentswanttoprepareforatest,theyoftentrytostudybysimplyreadingoverthematerialagain,copyingnotes,etc.Butthesemethodsofrememberingarenotalwayseffective.Peopleremembermorewhentheyactivelyengagewiththematerial,theyarelearningratherthanpassivelyreceivingit.Onegreatwaytodothisistotestyourselfonthematerial.Comeupwithquestionsaboutthetopic,andtrytoanswerthemwithoutlookingatyournotes.Italsohelpstotrytoengagewiththematerialindifferentways.Forexample,youcouldwriteyourownoutlineorstudyguide.Themoreyouusetheinformation,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.

Mymusicinstructorsaidthatit’sbettertopracticeforfiveminutesaday,sevendaysaweek,thanfortwohoursononeday.Thesamegoesforrememberinginformation.Themoreyouspreadoutthetimeyouspendreviewinginformation,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.

Apsychologist,HermannEbbinghaus,madeanimportantdiscoveryaboutmemoryandforgetting.Hefoundthatpeopletendtoforgetinformationinaregularpattern.Theyforgetthemostinformationshortlyafterlearningit.Therateatwhichtheyforgetthenslowsdownovertime.Everytimethepersonreviewstheinformation,itcausesthemtoforgetlessofit—whichmeanstheyremembermore.Soitisessentialtoreviewthingsyouwanttoremembershortlyafterlearningthem.Overtime,youcanreviewthemlessandlessfrequently.

Applyingthesestrategieswillhelpimproveyourmemorysothatyoucanaccesseverythingyoulearnwheneveryouneedit.

Four【徐汇一模】

ThingstoDoAfterYouStudy

Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.Butwhatyoudoafterstudyingcouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearnandremembernewinformation.TodayonEducationTips,wewillexploretwono-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning:

wakefulrestandsleep.

Whenmanystudentsfinishstudying,theyoftengostraighttoanotheractivity.Butresearchsuggeststhatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyoustudied.Thebasicideaisthis:

byreducingyouractivityafterthestudysession,yourbraingetsachancetorest.Restingisdifficultwhenyouhavetoomuchstimulationfromelectronicdevices,games,lightsandsoon.

Whilethismightsoundunusualtoyou,manystudieshaveexploredthebenefitsofrestingafterlearning-whatiscalled“wakefulrest.”A2019studyfoundthatbothyoungandolderadultswereabletobetterremember,orrecollect,informationfromprosepassagesafterdoingwakefulrest.ThefindingsappearedinNeuroscienceLetters.Thisstudyinvolved45youngerpeopleand40elderlyadults.”Wakefulrestingledtohigheroverallrecollectioninbothagegroups,”theresearchersnoted.Ifyouwanttogive“wakefulrest”atry,hereareafewsimplethingstodo.Restquietlyforfivetotenminutes.Donotlookatyourphone,readstoriesorplaygames.Justlimittheamountofstimulationyouget.Itisreallythateasy!

Inadditiontowakefulrest,sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.TheDivisionofSleepMedicineatHarvardMedicalSchoolnotesthatsleephelpspeopletolearnintwoways.Areportontheschool'

swebsiteexplainsthat“asleep-deprivedpersoncannotfocusattentionoptimallyandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.”Italsosays,“sleepitselfhasaroleintheconsolidationofmemory,whichisessentialforlearningnewinformation.”RobertStickgold,adoctorandsleepexpertatHarvardMedicalSchool,notedthatnewmemoriescanbehardtokeep.“Whenwefirstformmemories,they'

reinaveryrawandfragileform,”hesaid.Sleepisimportantforformingmemories.

Nowyouhavetwosuggestionsforhowtolearnnewinformation.Trytogetsome“wakefulrest”afterastudysession.Thentrytogetagoodnight'

ssleep.That'

sasimplewaytohelpyourememberwhatyoulearn.

Five【虹口一模】

WanttobeaSmartGiftGiver?

Duringallkindsofholidays,millionsofpeoplewillbuygiftsforlovedones,whichisgreatexceptthattonsofthosepeoplewillmakethesameglaringmistake,andbuythewronggifts.What’sgoingon?

Giftbuyinghasbecomeadeceivinglyselfishpursuit.Wedon’tactuallylookforthingspeoplewanttoreceive.Instead,wetendtolookforthingsthatwewanttogive.It’sasubtle,butprettysignificantproblem.

Researchhasshownthatgiverstendtovaluethegiftstheybuyconsiderablymorethanreceivers.Giftsarevaluedroughly10to33percentlessbyreceiversthanwhatgiverspaidforthem.JoelWaldfogelnotedthisinScroogenomics:

WhyYouShouldn’tBuyPresentsfortheHolidays,his2009bookongift-giving.

Thedifferenceseemstocomefromasimplemisplacedbeliefthatthoughtfulpresentsarethebestpresents.Theyarenot.Infact,theymightjustbetheworstpresents.Themorethoughtyouputintoapresent,themorelikelyyouaretostrayfrombuyingwhatthepersonyouarebuyingthepresentsforactuallywants.

Inotherwords,peoplelettheirgift-givingegos（自我）getinthewayofgreatpresents,especiallywhenthereceiverissomeonetheywanttoshowtheyknowreallywell.Fortunately,theanswertoourcollectiveinsistenceonguessingwhatpeoplewantissimple:

stopit.

Ifthat’stooimpersonal,there’sanother