汉英翻译讲座完整版本Word格式.docx
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b.直到15世纪的一千年里，中国一直是世界上科学技术的领导者。
c.直到15世纪的一千年里，中国在科学技术方面一直来到世界。
9.中美两国人民的友好交往，已有二百多年历史。
a.中美两国人民的友好交往享有二百多年的历史。
b.中美两国人民的友好交往可以追溯到二百多年以前
c.中美两国人民的友好交往开始于二百多年以前。
d.中美两国人民二百多年以前就开始了友好交往。
e.中美两国人民享有二百多年友好交往的历史
10.现在北京人特别有这种感觉，一到过年过节啦，保姆都要回家，就不得了了，家里面没人管孩子，就成了很大的问题。
北京人经常有这样的经历：
当保姆回去与家人一块过中国新年和节日时，他们会感到很不方便，因为没有人来照看孩子。
参考译文
1.TheUnitedStatesisthemostdevelopedcountrychinaisthelargestdevelopingcountry.
2.SincetheestablishmentofdiplomatictiesbetweenchinaandtheUnitedStates,theexchangesandmutualunderstandingbetweenourtwopeopleshavebroadenedanddeepenedsteadily.However,（this）isnotenough.
3.Particularly,china’sfourgreatinventionsofpapermaking,gunpowder,printingandcompasshadoncechangedthefaceoftheworld.
4.TheChinesenationisabigfamilycomposedof56ethnicgroups.
5.ThefoundingofthePRCmarkedanunprecedentedgreatunityoftheChinesenation.
6.DuringmycurrentvisittotheUnitedStates,Ihadanin–depthexchangeofviewsandreachesbroadagreementwithPresidentClintononthefuturedevelopmentofChina-U.S.relations.
7.ChinaandtheUnitedStatessharebroadcommoninterestsandshouldercommonresponsibilityonmanyimportantquestionswhicharecrucialtohumansurvivalanddevelopmentsuchasmaintainingworldpeaceandsecurity,preventingthespreadofweaponsofmassdestruction,protectingenvironmentforhumansurvivalandcombatinginternationalcrimes.
8.
a.China’sscienceandtechnologyhadbeeninaleadingpositionintheworldforonethousandyearsuntilthe15thcentury.
b.Chinahadbeenaworldleaderinscienceandtechnologyforonethousandyearsuntilthe15thcentury.
c.Chinahadbeenleadingtheworldinscienceandtechnologyforonethousandyearsuntilthe15thcentury.
9.
a.ThefriendlyexchangesbetweentheChineseandAmericanpeoplesenjoyahistoryofmorethantwohundredyears.
b.ThefriendlyexchangesbetweentheChineseandAmericanpeoplesdatebacktomorethantwohundredyearsago.
c.ThefriendlyexchangesbetweentheChineseandAmericanpeoplesstartedmorethantwohundredyeasago.
d.TheChineseandAmericanpeoplesstartedfriendlyexchangesmorethantwohundredyeasago.
e.TheChineseandAmericanpeopleshaveenjoyedahistoryoffriendlyexchangesformorethantwohundredyears.
10.Beijingpeoplesoftenhavesuchanexperience:
whenthehousekeeperleavestospendChineseNewYearorfestivalwithherfamily,they’llfeelveryinconvenientbecausenoonewilltakecareofthechild.
顺（对）译主要强调四个方面的基本功：
一是词汇，而是短语，三是句子，四是语法
第二讲句子对译的技巧
抓住主干，搭好架子，添加细节，注意运用动词句型。
1.中国进入了百年来发展最快最好的历史时期。
2.今天，专心致志于现代化建设的中国人民，更需要一个长期的和平国际环境和良好的周边环境。
3.中国和美国，在事关人类生存和发展的许多重大问题上，例如维护世界和平与安全，防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散，保护人类生存环境，打击国际犯罪等，有着广泛的共同利益，肩负着共同责任。
4.我们决不会把自己曾经早受欺凌的苦难强加于人。
5.我感谢陆登庭校长的邀请，使我有机会在这美好的金秋时节，来到你们这座古老而又现代化的美国学府。
6.将来中国富强起来了，也永远不称霸。
7.殷商时期的甲骨文中就有日月之食的记载。
1.Chinahasenteredaperiodwiththefastestandhealthiestdevelopmentinthiscentury.
2.Today,theChinesepeoplewhoarecommittedtomodernizationneedmorethaneveralong-terminternationalenvironmentofpeaceandafavorableneighboringenvironment.
3.ChinaandtheUnitedStatessharebroadcommoninterestsandshouldercommonresponsibilityonmanyimportantquestionswhicharecrucialtohumansurvivalanddevelopmentsuchasmaintainingworldpeaceandsecurity,preventingthespreadofweaponsofmassdestruction,protectingenvironmentforhumansurvivalandcombatinginternationalcrimes.
4.Wewillneverimposethekindofsufferingsuponothersweonceexperienced.
5.
a.IwishtothankDr.Rudenstine,PresidentofHarvardUniversity,forinvitingmetothisancientyetmodernizedinstitutionoftheUnitedStatesinthisgoldenfall.
b.IwishtothankDr.Rudenstine,PresidentofHarvardUniversity,forhisinvitation,whichgivesmeanopportunitytovisitthisancientyetmodernizedinstitutionoftheUnitedStatesinthisgoldenfall.
c.IwishtothankDr.Rudenstine,PresidentofHarvardUniversity,forhisinvitation,whichmakesitpossibleformetovisitthisancientyetmodernizedinstitutionoftheUnitedStatesinthisgoldenfall.
6.Chinawillneverseekhegemonyevenifitisdevelopedinthefuture.
7.TherewererecordsofsolarandlunareclipsesintheinscriptionsonbonesortortoiseshelloftheShangDynasty.
8.对应与变通
9.变通的技巧
2.1以主语定谓语
民族地区的经济社会获得不断发展
a,theminorityconcentratedregionshavewitnessedcontinuedeconomicandsocialdevelopment
b,theeconomyandsocietyoftheethnicminorityareashavebeendevelopedcontinuously.
c,continuedeconomicandsocialdevelopmenthasbeenachieved/attainedintheminorityconcentratedareas.
中国的潜在市场同国外的先进技术和资金优势结合起来，就能形成众多的发展机遇和强大的发展活力。
achina’spotentialmarket,oncecombinedwithforeignadvancedtechnologyandcapital,willproducemanyopportunitiesandgreatvigorfordevelopment.
boncechina’spotentialmarketiscombinedwithforeignadvancedtechnologyandcapital,itwillproducemanyopportunitiesandgreatvigorfordevelopment.
cthecombinationofchina’spotentialmarketwithforeignadvancedtechnologyandcapitalwillcreat/produce/generatemanyopportunitiesandgreatvigorfordevelopment.
2.2以谓语定主语
各族人民之间建立了平等、团结、互助的新型关系
a,wehaveestablishedanewtypeofrelationshipcharacterizedbyequality,solidarityandmutualassistancebetweendifferentethnicgroups.
b,anewtypeofrelationshipofequality,solidarityandmutualassistance
中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家，留下了浩如烟海的文化典籍。
A,chinaproducedinitshistorymanyoutstandingphilosophers,thinkers,statesmen,strategists,scientists,writersandartistsandleftusnumerousvolumesofliterature.
B,manyoutstandingphilosophers,thinkers,statesmen,strategists,scientists,writersandartistswereproducedinChinesehistoryandnumerousvolumesofliteraturewereleftbehind.
2.3统一主语
近二十年的实践已经充分证明，我们进行改革的方向是正确的，信念是坚定的，步骤是稳妥的，方式是渐进的，取得的成就是巨大的。
Thepracticeinrecenttwentyyearshaseloquentlyprovedthatwearerightindirection,firminconviction,steadyinourstepsandgradualinourapproachwhencarryingoutthereformandopeningupandhaveachievedtremendoussuccess.
试比较
Thepracticeinrecenttwentyyearshaseloquentlyprovedthatthedirectionofourreformandopeningupisright,ourconvictionisfirm,ourstepsaresteady,ourapproachisgradualandourachievementsarehuge.
2.4套用句型
我们的先人历来把独立自主视为立国之本
Ourancestorsalwaysregardedthespiritofmaintainingindependenceasthefoundationofanation.
中国人民一向钦佩美国人民的求实精神和创造精神
TheChinesepeoplehavealwaysadmiredtheAmericanpeoplefortheirpragmaticattitudeandcreativespirit.
中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流
TheChineseeducational,scientificandculturalcommunitieshaveallalongmaintainedexchangeswiththisuniversity.
所有这些，为巩固国家统一奠定了坚实的政治基础
Allthesehavelaidasolidpoliticalfoundationforconsolidatednationalunity.
2.5添加连接词，显化句子关系
将有内在联系的句子、短语等用连词、从句、不定式、分词、介词等将内部的关系显现出来
1.我们应该相互尊重、相互学习、取长补短、共同进步
Weshouldrespectandlearnfromeachotheranddrawuponother’sstrongpointstooffsetone’sowndeficienciesforachievingcommonprogress.
2.我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局，妥善解决分歧，不断朝着增进了解、扩大共识、发展合作、共创未来的目标前进。
Weshouldtakeafirmholdoftheoverallinterestsofsino-USrelationsandsettleourdifferencesproperlysoastoreachthegoalofpromotingmutualunderstanding,broadeningcommonground,developingcooperationandbuildingafuturetogether.
1.这里，我想就以下一些方面谈些看法，希望有助于诸位对中国的了解。
Here，IwouldliketomakethefollowingobservationswhichIhopewillhelpyoutoknowChinabetter.
2.但是后来，特别是清朝晚期，封建统治者实行闭关锁国政策，阻碍了中国的技术进步和对外交流
Onlylateron,especiallyinlateQingDynasty,thefeudalrulersadoptedapolicyofseclusion,whichhamperedchina’sprogressanditsexchangeswiththeoutsideworld.
3.就是有一部分美国人会批评他，说他背叛了他原来竞选的诺言，这会对他下一次的竞选造成不利。
ThatmeanssomeAmericanswouldcriticizehim,sayingthathehasbetrayedhiselectionpromise,andthiswoulddoharmtohisnextelection.
2.6省略重复
1.为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。
Topromotethedevelopmentofchina-U.S.relations,chinaneedstoknowtheUnitedStatesbetterandviceversa.
2.中国人民历来珍惜同各国人民的友谊与合作，也珍惜自己经过长期奋斗得来的独立自主权利。
TheChinesepeoplecherishitsfriendshipandcooperationwithotherpeoples,aswellastheirrighttoindependencetheyhavewonthroughprotractedstruggles.
2.7反译法
1.相互了解，是发展国与国之间关系的前提。
唯有相互了解，才能增进信任，加强合作。
Mutualunderstandingisthebasisforstate-to-staterelations.Withoutit,itwouldbeimpossibleforcountriestobuildtrustandpromotecooperationwitheachother.
2.中国的历史文化始终处于发展进步之中。
China’scultureandhistoryhasneverstoppeddeveloping.
3.中国作为人类文明的发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。
Asoneofthecradlesofhumancivilization,chinahasallalongmaintaineditsculturaltraditionwithoutletupinthehistoryofseveralthousandyears.
2.8句子和短语的互换
1.从秦代到清末的二千一百多年间，哈雷彗星出现二十七次，中国都有记录
A,inthe2100yearsfromtheQinDynastytothelateQingDynasty,the27apperanceofHallyCometwereallrecordedinchina.
B,Inthe2100yearsfromtheQinDynastytothelateQingDynasty,HallyCometappeared27timesandwereallrecordedinchina.
2.这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有坚不可摧的力量
A,thisfullytestifiestotheindestructiblestrengthofthisindependentnationalspiritoftheChinesepeople.
B,thisfullytestifiesthattheindependentnationalspiritoftheChinese
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