塑料相关英语单词Word格式文档下载.docx

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AbrasionResistance

Theabilityofamaterialtowithstandmechanicalactionssuchasrubbing,scraping,orerosion,thattendprogressivelytoremovematerialfromitssurface.

Accelerator

Additivewhichspeedsuptherateofacurereaction,muchlikeatruechemicalcatalyst,nottrulyapartofthereactionorotherwiserequiredbyorconsumedinthereaction.

AcceptableRunner/CavityRatio

Runnersystemsdesignedforhighpressuredropstominimizematerialusageandincreasefrictionalheatingintherunner.

Additives/Filters/Reinforcements

Additivesarematerialsthatareaddedtoapolymertoproduceadesiredchangeinmaterialpropertiesorcharacteristics.Awidevarietyofadditivesarecurrentlyusedinthermoplastics,toexpandorextendmaterialproperties,enhanceprocessability,modifyaesthetics,orincreaseenvironmentalresistance.AdditivesenhancepropertieslikeflameretardancyandUVlightstability.Reinforcingfibersmodifymechanicalproperties:

improvemodulusandlowerimpact.Fillersusuallyincreasemodulusvalues.Fillersarealsousedtomodifymoldingpropertiesortolowercosts.Plasticiserslowermodulusandenhanceflexibility.

AdhesiveAssembly

Theprocessofjoiningtwoormoreplasticpartsbymeansofanadhesive.

Afterflame

Persistenceofflamingofamaterialaftertheignitionsourcehasbeenremoved.After-flametimeordurationofflameisthelengthoftimeforwhichamaterialcontinuestoflame,underspecifiedtestconditions,aftertheignitionsourcehasbeenremoved."

Self-extinguishing"

and"

Self-extinguishability"

aretermswhichare:

notrecommended,owingtotheriskofmisunderstanding.

Afterglow

Persistenceofglowingofamaterialafterflaminghasstoppedor-ifnoflamingoccurs-aftertheignitionsourcehasbeenremoved.

Aging/Degradation/Deterioration

Agingisachangeinthechemicaland/orphysicalstructureofamaterialcausedbyheatorlight.Itcanresultinamajordecreaseofpropertyvalues.Alsocalleddegradationordeterioration.

Air-LessSpraying

Amethodofatomizingpaintbyhydraulicpressure.

Alloy/Blends

Termsusedintheplasticsindustrytodenoteblendsofpolymersorcopolymerswithotherpolymersorelastomers.-i.e.ABS/Polycarbonate.Polymerblendsarecombinationsoftwoormoredifferentmisciblepolymers:

mechanicallyentangledratherthanchemicallybonded.Blendingisaprocessofmixingorreactingtwoormorepolymerresinstoobtainimprovedpropertiesoftheproduct.Blendingallowsfortailoringofspecificproperties.Eachindividualpolymerhasdesirablecharacteristicsbutlackssomespecificproperty.Whentheseindividualpropertiesarecombinedtheresultantblendoralloywillexhibitcharacteristicsfromeachoftheparentpolymers.Ingeneral,nocleardifferenceisseenbetweentheterms'

alloys'

and'

blends'

.

AmbientTemperature

Thetemperatureofamediumsurroundinganobject.Thetermisoftenusedtodenoteprevailingroomtemperature.

Amorphous/Semi-crystalline

Asathermoplasticpolymermeltsolidifies,thechainsofmoleculescancombinetoformorderedmolecularstructuresorcrystallites.Amorphouspolymersarepolymers,whicharenotabletocrystallize.Theyarerandomlyorientedanddonotexhibitanyorderedmolecularstructureatall.Amorphousresinsrelyonincreasedchainlengths（highermolecularweight）andphysicalentanglementsforstructuralintegrity.Thestructure"

lookslikespaghetti"

.Acrystallinepolymerhasapolymerchainshowinganorderedmolecularstructure-crystallineregionssurroundedbyamorphousones.Theterm"

crystalline"

isactuallywrong,sincecrystallinepolymericmaterialsareonly"

semi-crystalline"

innature.Thecrystallinestructuredoesnotexistthroughtheentirepolymer:

thereareregionsoforderedmolecularstructureandalsoregionsofnoorder.

Anisotropic/Isotropic

Anisotropicmeans,"

exhibitingpropertieswithdifferentvalueswhenmeasuredalongaxesindifferentdirections"

.Thepropertiesinanisotropicmaterialsmaydifferwiththedirectioninwhichtheyaremeasured;

inisotropicmaterialsthepropertiesareindependentofthedirectioninwhichtheyaremeasured.

Anisotropy

Thetendencyofamaterialtoreactdifferentlytostressesappliedindifferentdirections.

Annealing

Theprocessofrelievingstressesinmoldedplasticarticlesbyheatingtoapredeterminedtemperature,maintainingthistemperatureforapredeterminedlengthoftime,andslowlycoolingthearticlestobepaintedwhichmightcrazeduetosolventattack.

ANSI

AbbreviationforAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.

Anti-foggingAgents

Additiveswhichpreventorreducethecondensationofwateronaplasticfilmintheformofsmalldropletswhichresemblefog.

Antioxidant

Additiveswhichinhibitoxidationatnormalorelevatedtemperatures.

Antistatic/Antidust

Anantistaticagentisachemicalwhichiscompoundedintoaplasticmaterial,orisacoatingonthesurface.Ithastheeffectofdecreasingthesurfaceresistivity,whichavoidsgenerationofstaticelectricityonthesurfaceandavoidsattractionofdust.Lowlevelofagents:

搇owdust.?

Higherlevelscreate揳ntistatic?

behavior.

ApparentModulus

Designersareinterestedinknowingthestrainresultingfromaknownstressatagiventemperatureandtime.Theincreasedstrainatconstantstressmaybereportedasapparentmodulus.Alsocalled搑educedmodulus.?

Indicatesthestiffnessofamaterialafterithasbeenunderaloadforaperiodoftime.

Application/Article/Component/Part

Anactualpartmoldedoutofthermoplasticmaterial.

ArcResistance

Theabilityofaplasticmaterialtoresistbreakdownwhenahighvoltage,lowcurrentelectricalarcissentjustabovethesurface.Theamountoftimethatittakesthearctoformalongthesurfaceinsteadofthroughtheairisthelistedrating.Usefulforcomparisononly.AdherencetoULspecificationsmustbemaintained.

ArcTracking

Arctrackingistheformationofaconductingpathacrossthesurfaceofaninsulatingmaterialbyarcdischarge.Arcresistanceisameasurefortheinsulationcharacteristicsofaresinagainstthathighvoltagearc;

itisthenumberofsecondsthatamaterialresiststheformationofasurfaceconductingpathwhensubjectedtoanintermittentlyoccurringarcofhighvoltage,lowcurrentcharacteristics.Usefulforcomparisononly.TestedaccordingtoUL746AorASTMD495:

SeealsoPLC.

ArcTrackingRate

Theratethatanarccanbeproducedonthesurfaceofamaterial.Typicalunitsarein/min.Usefulforcomparisononly.AdherencetoULspecificationsmustbemaintained.

ArtificiallyBalancedRunnerSystem

Balancingarunnersystembyadjustingthepressuredropofalonglargediameterrunneragainstashortsmalldiameterrunner.Sincepressuredropoverthesmalldiameterrunnerwillbemuchmoreaffectedbyheatlossthanthelargediameterrunner,anartificiallybalancedrunnersystemwillworkwithasetrangeofmoldingconditions.Thewidthofthisrangeofmoldingconditionsdeterminesthestabilityofthemolding.

AshContent

Thesolidresidueremainingafterasubstancehasbeenincineratedorheatedtoatemperaturesufficienttodriveoffallcombustibleorvolatilesubstances.

Assembly

Theprocessofjoiningpartsbyanyofseveralmethods.

ASTM

ASTM,ortheAmericanSocietyforTestingMaterials-foundedin1898-isascientificorganizationformedfor搕hedevelopmentofstandardsoncharacteristicsandperformanceofmaterials,products,systemsandservices?

Itistheworld抯largestsourceofvoluntaryconsensusstandards.

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Backflow

Themeltflowsbackoutofthemold,returningtotherunners.

BackPressure

Theappliedhydraulicpressureusedtorestricttheshotsizeformation.Appliedtothebackofameltaccumulatororreciprocatingscrew.Usedtocontrolscrewdrift,mixing,andshotsizeadjustments.Inmolding,backpressureincreasesthetemperatureofthemelt,andcontributestobettermixingofcolorsandhomogeneityofthematerial.

BalancedRunner

Ininjectionmolding,arunnersystemdesignedtoplaceallcavitiesatthesamedistancefromthesprue.

BallHardness

Theballindentationmethoddeterminesthehardnessofplasticsbyusingaloadedballindenterofpredefineddimensions.BallhardnessH358/30isderived:

358newtonsloaddividedbythesurfaceareaoftheimpressioninthematerialafter30secondsloadapplication.ItisexpressedinN/mm2.

BallPressureTest

Anindicationofamaterial抯abilitytowithstandheatgeneratedbyenergizedelectricalcircuits.Materialdeformationismeasuredafterheatandpressurehavebeenapplied.Componentsretaininglivepartsinpositionshouldpassataminimumof257oF（125oC）.

Barrel

Cylinderthatcontainsthescrewandtheheaters.Builttowithstandpressureof7,500-20,000psi.

BarrelHeaters

Heatersthatraisethebarreltemperatureinordertotransformthethermoplasticmaterialintoamelt.

Bite

Solventattackdirectlyonthesurfaceofthesubstrate.

BlackParticles

Largerpiecesofdegradedmaterial,typicallycausedbyimproperequipmentdesignorlackofperiodicpreventivemaintenance（sizeis0.11squaremillimeterorlarger）.

BlackSpecks

Aspecifickindofinclusion/contaminationoftenassociatedwithdegradedmaterials（0.10squaremillimeterorsmaller）.

BlastFinis