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1、I J K LM N O PQ R S TU V W XY ZA 回Fortron首頁Abrasion ResistanceThe ability of a material to withstand mechanical actions such as rubbing, scraping, or erosion, that tend progressively to remove material from its surface. AcceleratorAdditive which speeds up the rate of a cure reaction, much like a tru

2、e chemical catalyst, not truly a part of the reaction or otherwise required by or consumed in the reaction. Acceptable Runner/Cavity RatioRunner systems designed for high pressure drops to minimize material usage and increase frictional heating in the runner. Additives/Filters/ReinforcementsAdditive

3、s are materials that are added to a polymer to produce a desired change in material properties or characteristics. A wide variety of additives are currently used in thermoplastics, to expand or extend material properties, enhance processability, modify aesthetics, or increase environmental resistanc

4、e. Additives enhance properties like flame retardancy and UV light stability. Reinforcing fibers modify mechanical properties: improve modulus and lower impact. Fillers usually increase modulus values. Fillers are also used to modify molding properties or to lower costs. Plasticisers lower modulus a

5、nd enhance flexibility. Adhesive AssemblyThe process of joining two or more plastic parts by means of an adhesive. AfterflamePersistence of flaming of a material after the ignition source has been removed. After-flame time or duration of flame is the length of time for which a material continues to

6、flame, under specified test conditions, after the ignition source has been removed. Self-extinguishing and Self-extinguishability are terms which are: not recommended, owing to the risk of misunderstanding. AfterglowPersistence of glowing of a material after flaming has stopped or - if no flaming oc

7、curs - after the ignition source has been removed.Aging/Degradation/Deterioration Aging is a change in the chemical and/or physical structure of a material caused by heat or light. It can result in a major decrease of property values. Also called degradation or deterioration.Air-Less SprayingA metho

8、d of atomizing paint by hydraulic pressure. Alloy/BlendsTerms used in the plastics industry to denote blends of polymers or copolymers with other polymers or elastomers. - i.e. ABS/Polycarbonate. Polymer blends are combinations of two or more different miscible polymers: mechanically entangled rathe

9、r than chemically bonded. Blending is a process of mixing or reacting two or more polymer resins to obtain improved properties of the product. Blending allows for tailoring of specific properties. Each individual polymer has desirable characteristics but lacks some specific property. When these indi

10、vidual properties are combined the resultant blend or alloy will exhibit characteristics from each of the parent polymers. In general, no clear difference is seen between the terms alloys and blends.Ambient TemperatureThe temperature of a medium surrounding an object. The term is often used to denot

11、e prevailing room temperature. Amorphous/Semi-crystalline As a thermoplastic polymer melt solidifies, the chains of molecules can combine to form ordered molecular structures or crystallites. Amorphous polymers are polymers, which are not able to crystallize. They are randomly oriented and do not ex

12、hibit any ordered molecular structure at all. Amorphous resins rely on increased chain lengths （higher molecular weight） and physical entanglements for structural integrity. The structure looks like spaghetti. A crystalline polymer has a polymer chain showing an ordered molecular structure - crystal

13、line regions surrounded by amorphous ones. The term crystalline is actually wrong, since crystalline polymeric materials are only semi-crystalline in nature. The crystalline structure does not exist through the entire polymer: there are regions of ordered molecular structure and also regions of no o

14、rder. Anisotropic/Isotropic Anisotropic means, exhibiting properties with different values when measured along axes in different directions. The properties in anisotropic materials may differ with the direction in which they are measured; in isotropic materials the properties are independent of the

15、direction in which they are measured.AnisotropyThe tendency of a material to react differently to stresses applied in different directions. AnnealingThe process of relieving stresses in molded plastic articles by heating to a predetermined temperature, maintaining this temperature for a predetermine

16、d length of time, and slowly cooling the articles to be painted which might craze due to solvent attack. ANSIAbbreviation for American National Standards Institute. Anti-fogging AgentsAdditives which prevent or reduce the condensation of water on a plastic film in the form of small droplets which re

17、semble fog. AntioxidantAdditives which inhibit oxidation at normal or elevated temperatures.Antistatic/AntidustAn antistatic agent is a chemical which is compounded into a plastic material, or is a coating on the surface. It has the effect of decreasing the surface resistivity, which avoids generati

18、on of static electricity on the surface and avoids attraction of dust. Low level of agents: 搇ow dust.?Higher levels create 揳ntistatic?behavior. Apparent ModulusDesigners are interested in knowing the strain resulting from a known stress at a given temperature and time. The increased strain at consta

19、nt stress may be reported as apparent modulus. Also called 搑educed modulus.? Indicates the stiffness of a material after it has been under a load for a period of time. Application/Article/Component/Part An actual part molded out of thermoplastic material. Arc ResistanceThe ability of a plastic mater

20、ial to resist breakdown when a high voltage, low current electrical arc is sent just above the surface. The amount of time that it takes the arc to form along the surface instead of through the air is the listed rating. Useful for comparison only. Adherence to UL specifications must be maintained. A

21、rc TrackingArc tracking is the formation of a conducting path across the surface of an insulating material by arc discharge. Arc resistance is a measure for the insulation characteristics of a resin against that high voltage arc; it is the number of seconds that a material resists the formation of a

22、 surface conducting path when subjected to an intermittently occurring arc of high voltage, low current characteristics. Useful for comparison only. Tested according to UL746A or ASTM D495: See also PLC. Arc Tracking RateThe rate that an arc can be produced on the surface of a material. Typical unit

23、s are in/min. Useful for comparison only. Adherence to UL specifications must be maintained. Artificially Balanced Runner System Balancing a runner system by adjusting the pressure drop of a long large diameter runner against a short small diameter runner. Since pressure drop over the small diameter

24、 runner will be much more affected by heat loss than the large diameter runner, an artificially balanced runner system will work with a set range of molding conditions. The width of this range of molding conditions determines the stability of the molding. Ash ContentThe solid residue remaining after

25、 a substance has been incinerated or heated to a temperature sufficient to drive off all combustible or volatile substances. AssemblyThe process of joining parts by any of several methods. ASTMASTM, or the American Society for Testing Materials - founded in 1898 - is a scientific organization formed

26、 for 搕he development of standards on characteristics and performance of materials, products, systems and services? It is the world抯 largest source of voluntary consensus standards. B 回Fortron首頁BackflowThe melt flows back out of the mold, returning to the runners. Back PressureThe applied hydraulic p

27、ressure used to restrict the shot size formation. Applied to the back of a melt accumulator or reciprocating screw. Used to control screw drift, mixing, and shot size adjustments. In molding, back pressure increases the temperature of the melt, and contributes to better mixing of colors and homogene

28、ity of the material. Balanced RunnerIn injection molding, a runner system designed to place all cavities at the same distance from the sprue. Ball HardnessThe ball indentation method determines the hardness of plastics by using a loaded ball indenter of predefined dimensions. Ball hardness H358/30 i

29、s derived: 358 newtons load divided by the surface area of the impression in the material after 30 seconds load application. It is expressed in N/mm2. Ball Pressure TestAn indication of a material抯 ability to withstand heat generated by energized electrical circuits. Material deformation is measured

30、 after heat and pressure have been applied. Components retaining live parts in position should pass at a minimum of 257oF （125oC）. BarrelCylinder that contains the screw and the heaters. Built to withstand pressure of 7,500-20,000 psi. Barrel HeatersHeaters that raise the barrel temperature in order

31、 to transform the thermoplastic material into a melt. BiteSolvent attack directly on the surface of the substrate. Black ParticlesLarger pieces of degraded material, typically caused by improper equipment design or lack of periodic preventive maintenance （size is 0.11 square millimeter or larger）. Black SpecksA specific kind of inclusion/contamination often associated with degraded materials （0.10 square millimeter or smaller）. Blast Finis