非谓语动词1Word文档格式.docx

非谓语动词1Word文档格式.docx

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Itiseasytooverlookpeopleasoneofthefivepartsofamicrocomputersystem.

Itisnecessaytobecomefamiliarwiththeirpropertiesbeforeweusethem.

2）作宾语。

不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。

Ifinditinterestingtostudycomputerscience.

Ifwewanttobecompetentusersofthecomputerwemustkeepupwithitsdevelopment.

3）作宾语补足语。

Thenetworkallowscomputerstocommunicatewitheachotherandshareresourcesandinformation.

Backupprogramsmakecopiesoffilestobeusedincasetheoriginalsarelostordamaged.

4）作定语。

The“professional”editionincludestheabilitytohandlenon-MicrosoftschemesdirectlyinWord.

Thememoryisalsousedtostorethedatatobemanipulatedaswellastheinstructionsthatdirectthatmanipulation.

5）作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。

Harddisksaretypicallyusedtostoreprogramsandverylargedatafiles.

Themicroprocessorcontrolsandmanipulatesdatatoproduceinformation.

Tokeepfilesorganized,relateddocumentsarestoredinsidefolders.

6）作表语。

Thepurposeofsoftwareistoconvertdata（unprocessedfacts）intoinformation（processedfacts）.

Animportantfunctionofaharddiskistostoreprogramfilesordatafiles.

2．不定式的时态

1）不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。

例如：

Organizationsuseintranettoprovideinformationtotheiremployees.

Toaccessthereferencedmaterial,allyoudois（to）clickonthehighlightedtextorimage.

2）如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，就要用完成式。

Whenthehandshakingissuccessful,thesystemsaresaidtohaveestablishedconnection.

Thissystemdoesnotappeartohavebeendevelopedbyanyvendor,andequipmentbasedonthisstandarddoesn’texist.

3.不定式的语态

当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。

Inorderforcomputerstobeidentified,thenetworklayerdefineslogicaladdressing.

Nottobeoutdonebyothers,Ihavemadeupmymindtolearnmoreaboutthecomputer.

二，分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：

现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”。

分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

1），分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。

Whentroubleshootinganetwork,ithelpstohaveaplanofattack.

NetworksareoftenclassifiedasLocalAreaNetwork（LAN）,WideAreaNetwork（WAN）,MetropolitanAreaNetwork（MAN）,CampusAreaNetwork（CAN）,etc.dependingontheirscale,scopeandpurpose.

Itconnectstwonetworksforminganinternetwork.

Whenapacketarrivesatoneport,itiscopiedunmodifiedtoallportsofthehubfortransmission.

2）分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。

现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词（即与名词有主谓关系），过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词（即与名词是动宾关系）。

Acomputernetworkisagroupofinterconnetedcomputers.

Frequentlydeployeddevicesincludehubs,switches,bridges,androuters.

ITU-G.hntechnologyusesexistinghomewiring（coaxialcable,phonelinesandpowerlines）tocreateahigh-speedlocalareanetwork.

Aroutercanconnectanytwonetworksrunningdifferentdatalinklayerprototols,providedthatallthecomputersusethesamenetworklayerprotocol.

Thefirstcomputernetworkintheworldis“AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork”（ARPANET）designedinlate1960sandearly1970sbytheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency（ARPA）fortheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefence.

3）分词的时态

分词所表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前，分词就要用完成时态。

Havingdevelopedasenseofpriorities,anadultisoftenwellawareofthelimitoftimeandthelimitlessnessofworktobedone.

动名词

动名词由动词+ing构成，否定形式为notdoing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

1）,作主语。

Likewise,themappingoftheflowofdatabetweenthenodesinthenetworkdeterminesthelogicaltopologyofthenetwork.

Networkingcanbedefinedasthelinkingofpeople,resourcesandideas.

Utilizingsystemvirtualizationcanpreventtheactualsystemfrombeingalteredbyavirusasitstopsanyalterationattemptstothewholesystemundervirtualization.

Nothavingtrustedaccessdoesn’tmeanthattheuserisdeniedaccess;

itjustmeansthatheisrequiredtosupplyapassword.

2）,作宾语。

WirelessLANtechnologyisdesignedtoconnectdeviceswithoutwiring.

Ethernetusesphysicalwiringtoconnectdevices.

Signature-baseddetectioninvolvessearchingforknownmaliciouspatternsinexecutablecode.

Exercise:

Choosethebestonetocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

1.Theseremovabledisksareoneway_______________infornationandprogramsinandoutofacomputer.

A.togetB.getC.getsD.got

2.By__________________moreabouthowyourcomputerworksyoumayfindoutthattoolscantrulyappeartobemagical.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learntD.larning

3.Actually,softwareisageneralterm____________todescribeacollectionofcomputerprograms,proceduresanddocumentationthatperformsometasksonanoperationsystem.

A.useB.usesC.usedD.using

4._____________softwareusuallyprovidestoolstoassistaprogrammerinwritingcomputerprograms.

A.ProgramB.ProgrammingC.ProgrammedD.Toprogram

5.Applicationsoftwareallowsendusers_____________oneormorespecific（non-computerrelated）tasks.

A.accomplishB.toaccomplishC.accomplishingD.accomplished

6.Everyprogramminglanguagemustacceptcertaintypesof____________instructionsthatwillenavleacomputersystemtoperformanumberoffamiliaroperations.

A.writeB.writingC.writtenD.towrite

7.Bylearningmoreabouthowyourcomputerworksyoumayfindoutthattoolscantrulyappear_____________magical.

A.beB.tobeC.beingD.been

8.Fifthgenerationcomputingdevices,___________onartificialintelligence,arestillindevelopment.

A.baseB.tobaseC.basedD.tobebased

9.Thefirstphaseinthesoftwaredevelopmentprocessmayinvolvemanydepartments,__________marketing,engineering,researchanddevelopmentandgeneralmanagement.

A.includeB.includesC.includingD.toinclude

10.Bufferingwasanotherapproachto______________systemperformancebyoverlappingtheinput,output,andcomputationofasinglejob.

A.improveB.improvesC.improvedD.improving

Key:

ADCBB;

CBCCD

TechnicalWriting:

Exposition说明文

IntroductiontoComputerNetworkisapieceofexpositorywriting.Lookatthefirstparagraph:

Acomputernetworkisagroupofinterconnectedcomputers.Thenetworkallowscomputerstocommunicatewitheachotherandshareresourcesandinformation.Thefirstcomputernetworkintheworldis"

AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork"

（ARPANET）designedinlate1960sandearly1970sbytheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency（ARPA）fortheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense.

Thefirstsentenceisadefition,tellingreaderswhatacomputernetworkis;

thesecondsentencetellsreadersthefunctionofacomputernetwork;

andthethirdsentencetellsthereaderstheoriginofcomputernetworks.

Paragraphs2-4explainstheclassificationofcomputernetworks.Paragraphs5-11explainsthecomponentsofacomputernetwork.Thistextconveysalotofinformationtoreaders.

Thepurposeofexpositorywritingistoinform,explain,describe,ordefinetheauthor'

ssubjecttothereader.Expositorytextismeanttodepositinformation.Itiswidelyusedinallkindsofreports,essays,brochures,users’manuals,etc.inITfield.Remembertocommunicateinastylethatobjectivelyandconciselyexplainsyouropinion.

Hintsforsuccessfulexposition

1,Choosethetypeofexpositionyouwanttouse.Thiscouldbedescription,comparison,causeandeffect,problemandsolutionorsequence.Selecttheonethathelpsorganizeyourtopicthebestandmakesiteasyfortheaudiencetofollow.

2,Selectatopicthatinterestsyou.Rememberthatyouaregivingthereaderorlistenerdetailedandconcreteevidence.

3,Engageyourreadersfromthestart..Findacatchyopeningorstartlingstatistictoengageyouraudienceimmediately.

4,Includespecificexamples.Makesureyourevidenceiswellsupportedbyavarietyofcrediblesources.

5,Recallyourthesisandmainpointsintheconclusion.Remindtheaudiencewhatyouwantthemtotakefromyourreportoressay.

Featuresofanexposition

1.Formaltone-avoidslangandcolloquialismsanduseformallanguagewhereverpossible.

2.Thirdperson-avoidI.

3.Opinion-youmusthaveathesis,trytocomeupwithageneralsummaryofyourideas.

Examplesofexposition

1.3G

3Gisthethirdgenerationofmobilephonestandardsandtechnology.3Gsupersedes2Gtechnologyandprecedes4Gtechnology.

3Gtechnologiesenabledfasterdata-transmissionspeeds,greaternetworkcapacityandmoreadvancednetworkservices.

Thefirstpre-commercial3GnetworklaunchedinMay2001byNTTDoCoMoinJapan.ThenetworkwasbrandedasFOMA.Followingthefirstpre-commerciallaunch,NTTDoCoMoagainmadehistorywiththefirstcommerciallaunchof3GinJapanonOct.1,2001.

Thebandwidthandlocationinformationavailableto3Gdevicesgivesrisetoapplicationsnotpreviouslyavailabletomobilephoneusers.Someoftheapplicationsare:

∙MobileTV-aproviderredirectsaTVchanneldirectlytothesubscriber'

sphonewhereitcanbewatched.

∙Videoondemand-aprovidersendsamovietothesubscriber'

sphone.

∙Videoconferencing-subscriberscanseeaswellastalktoeachother.

∙Tele-medicine-amedicalprovidermonitorsorprovidesadvicetothepotentiallyisolatedsubscriber.

∙Location-basedservices-aprovidersendslocalizedweatherortrafficconditionstothephone,orthephoneallowsthesubscribertofindnearbybusinessesorfriends.

iPhone3G

2.Skype

Skypeissoftwar