高考冲刺高中英语语法状语从句精讲文档格式.docx
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状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间.地点.原因.目的.结果.方式.让步.条件.比较等九种。
时间when,whenever,as,since,till,until,before,after,assoonas,once,themoment,immediately,theday,
nosooner…than,hardly/carcely…when,theminute,thesecond,every/eachtime
地点Where,wherever,everywhere
条件if,unless,providing/providedthat,as/solongas,onconditionthat,suppose/supposingthat,incase,
onlyif
原因because,since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat,inviewofthefactthat(鉴于)
让步though,although,evenif/though/,as,while,whatever,wherever,whoever,however,nomatter+wh词,
forallthat,granting/granted,whether…or,inspiteofthefactthat,despitethefactthat
比较as…as,notthesameas,notso…as,than
方式as,asif/though/theway
目的that,sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat,lest
结果sothat,so…that,such…that
二、状语从句的分类
(1)时间状语从句
1.when,while&
as
MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas/when/whilefatherwasawayinFrance.
When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.
【解析】as/when/while引导的从句中的谓语动词wasaway,waswalking是持续性的状态和持续性动作,三者可互换,特别注意的是while引导的从句中的动词必须是持续性的!
IwashalfwaybacktothehospitalwhenSusancaughtupwithme.
OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleave,whenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.
Hewasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang
WewereonthepointofwatchingTVwhensuddenlythelightswentout.
Tomwasgoingtohavedinnerwhenthedoorwasopened.
【解析】由以上从句中的黑体动词,如caughtupwith,heard,rang,wentout,wasopened可以看出,when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以为短暂性动词,这里不能跟while互换;
此外beaboutto,beonthepointofdoing,和begoingto经常跟when(=atthattime)连用成固定搭配。
Theatmospheregetsthinnerandthinnerastheheightincreases.
.Justastheflyingwormhitherface,shegavealoudcry.
Thelittlegirlssangastheywent.
【解析】as常表示“随着……”;
“一边……,一边……”之意。
注:
I'
llphoneyouagainwhenIgethome.
主谓宾状时间状语从句
Idon'
tknowwhenI'
llseeheragain.
主谓宾语从句
I’llneverforgettheyearswhen(=inwhich)IlivedwiththeTibetans.
主状谓宾定语从句(修饰theyears)
【解析】由这三句句式结构的分析,分别可以得出这三个复合句的类型。
2.一.......就
(1)assoonas,once
一Doyoumeanwearealmostrunningoutoffood?
一Yeah.Assoonasthecannedandfrozenfoodsareusedup.
Oncethenewsoftwareisinstalled,customerswillbeabletoplaceordersovertheInternet.
(2)immediately,directly
IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.
IcamedirectlyIgotyourmessage.
【解析】immediately,directly在这些例句中是做连词用,相当于assoonas,而不是起副词的功能。
(3)themoment,theminute,theinstant
IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoicetheminuteIpickedupthephone.
Hesaidhe'
dphoneyouthemomenthegothome.
TheinstantIsawhim,Iknewhewasthemanfromtherestaurant.
【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能,相当于assoonas,切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词,如atthemoment。
(4)nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when
Hehadsoonerarrivedthanthetroublestarted.
=Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanthetroublestarted
Hehadhardlyfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.
Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedcheering.
【解析】在这两个句型当中得注意两点:
一是否定词放句首引起主句部分倒装;
二是全句的时态经常是用过去完成时,when引导的从句常用过去式。
3.every/each/anytime,thenexttime,thefirsttime,allthetime
Everytime/EachtimemyfathercomestoBeijing,hegoestovisittheMonumenttothePeople'
sHeroeswithrespect.
Anytimeyouareintrouble,justturntomeforhelp..
He'
dletmedownmorethanoncesothenexttimeheaskedmeforafavour,Igavehimthebrushoff.
Thegirlstillremembersthatshewastoonervousthefirsttimeshegaveaspeechinthefaceofsuchabigcrowd.
AllthetimeI'
mthinking,weareallobsolete.
【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能,切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词,如atanytime等。
4.before
TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.
【解析】before意为“在......之前......”,根据句意可译为“过了多久后才.....”
SheleftthecompanybeforeIcouldhaveawordwithher.
【解析】before意为“在......之前......”,根据句意可译为“来不及;
尚未.......就.....”
Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnotbeforeheavydamagehadbeencaused.
【解析】before意为“在.......之前.......”,解题时要关注主从句动词的时态。
I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeBriangetsback.
Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.
Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback..
【解析】before常用于以下句型:
Itwill(not)be+时间段+before….表示“要过多久/不久…才…”
Itwasnotlong+before…表示“不久就….”
Itwas+时间段+before…表示“过了多久才…”
5.since
Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreastcancerhasfallentoitslowestlevelsincerecordsbeganin1971.
【解析】since从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。
(2)地点状语从句
Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomans
TheRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpwhereverthereishumansuffering.
1.You'
dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
主语谓语宾语地点状语从句
2.You'
dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhere(=atwhich)youhaveanyquestions.
主语谓语宾语地点状语定语从句(修饰theplace)
3.Idon'
tknowwhereIammistaken.
主语谓语宾语从句
【解析】由以上句式结构的分析,得出第1句为地点状语从句,第2句为定语从句,第3句为宾语从句,要注意这几种从句的区别。
(3)条件状语从句
1.Unlessyou'
vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.
2.Mostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees,butunlesstheyhaveeggsoryoungchicks,theydon’tuseanest.
3.Intimeofseriousaccidents,ifweknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.
4.—Petertoldmehewantedtocomewithus.IsitOKforyou?
—Idon’tmindaslongashepaysforhismeals.
5.Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouseincasethereisapowerout.
6.Supposethatthiscircleistheworld,andthatthecenterofthecircleisGod
7.Ishallgiveyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnitnolaterthantomorrow.
8.Thegameisnotverydifficultonceyouunderstandtherules.
9.Youcanborrowthecar,providingthat/providedIcanhaveitbackbysixo'
clock.
10.ItoldhimIwouldworkforhimonlyifIcouldhaveafingerinthepie.
【解析】unless是考试中的高频考点,要特别关注。
(4)原因状语从句
1.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?
—Ididn’tneedtobecauseI’llseehimtomorrow.
2.TheinfluenceofautomobileextendsthroughouttheeconomyasthecarissoimportanttoAmericanpeople.
3.Sinceourcountryhassomanygoodtable-tennisplayers,wehavetodecideonthebestonestotakepartinthegame.
4.Itmustbemorningforthebirdsaresinging.
5.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcantravel.
6.Howcantheylearnanythingwhentheyspendalltheirsparetimewatchingtelevision?
7.Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.
8.Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there'
snoreasonwhyweshouldnowhelphim.
9.InviewofthefactthatIwastired,Ifellasleepsoon.
【解析】
(1)
原因词汇
区别
位置
内涵
语气
能否回答why
能否被强调
because
主句前.后
直接因果关系
强
能
Since/nowthat
主句前
双方已知原因
较强
不能
as
较弱
for
主句后
补充解释说明
弱(并列连词)
(2)例句7中的when,也可以表示原因,意为:
since既然,考虑到。
(5)让步状语从句
1、“虽然.....,尽管......”
(1).(A)Scientistas/thoughheis,heisstillasmodestasbefore,whichalwaysmovesallthepeoplewhoknowhim.
(2).Unlikelyas/thoughitmightseem,I'
mtiredtoo.
(3).MuchasIlikeit,Iwon'
tbuyit,forit'
stooexpensive.
(4).Tryasshemight,Suecouldn'
tgetthedooropen.
(5).Although/thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.
(6).Heisunhappy,although/thoughhehasalotofmoney.
(7).Whydoesshestealthingswhenshecouldeasilyaffordtobuythem?
(8).Whilehehaswonlotsofprizes,hestillremiansmodest..
(1)though既可以和as互换于表语、谓语或者状语提前的倒装句中,也可以和although互换放在句首或者句中,也就是though可以用倒装,也可以不用倒装,although一定不能用于倒装。
(2)as表“虽然”时引导的从句,一定得用倒装,既从句中的表语.状语或者动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时冠词要省略。
(3)Although/though可以与副词yet,still连用,但不能与连词but连用。
(4)when=eventhoughsomethingistrue和while=inspiteofthefactthat
Iwanttotrymyhandatpolitics,orgobacktothelaw.Idon'
twanttogotoschoolforit,though。
(副词,非连词,解释为“然而,但是”,常置于句末,带逗号。
)
2、“即使......”
(1)Onceagainhefailedtohandinhishomework,eventhoughhehadbeengivenenoughtimetodoit.
(2)Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,eveniftheyknewittobevaluable.
3.“不管....;
无论......,尽管......”
(1)Whateverhappens,nevertakeanoverdoseofthismedicine.(whatever=notmatterwhat)
whatever+谓语
(2)Healwayshasaneyetomakingmoney,whateverhisplansare.
whatever+主语+系动词
(3)Whateverpartheisplaying,hisowncharacterstillshowsthrough.
whatever+n.+主语+谓语
(4)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleephowevermuchwork(=whateverwork)youhavetodo.
(however=notmatterhow)
however+much+n.+主+谓
(5)Howevergreatthedifficultiesmaybe,wecanovercomethem.
however+adj.+主+谓
(6)Howevermuchyoumaybeghim,you