ETS官方GRE Issue范文Word文件下载.docx

ETS官方GRE Issue范文Word文件下载.docx

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Technology,broadlydefinedastheuseoftools,hasalonghistory.EversinceErgthecavemanfirstconkedananimalwitharock,peoplehavebeenusingtechnology.Forthousandsofyears,theuseoftoolsallowedpeopletomoveeverclosertogether.Becausefieldscouldbecultivatedandthetechnologytostorefoodexisted,peoplewouldliveincitiesratherthaninsmallnomadictribes.OnlyverylatelyhaveErg'

sdescendantscometoquestionthebenefitsoftechnology.TheIndustrialRevolutionintroducedandspreadtechnologiesthatmechanizedmanytasks.Asaresultofthedrivetowardmoreefficientproductionanddistribution（sotheeverlargercitieswouldbesupported）,peoplebegantoactascogsinthetechnologicalmachine.Clothingwasnolongerproducedbygroupsofwomensewingandgossipingtogether,butbydown-troddenautomation'

soperatingmachineryingrimfactories.

Thebenefitsofthenewtechnologyoftoday,computersandtheinternet,areparticularlyambiguous.Theyhavemadeworkevermoreefficientandknittheworldtogetherinawebofinformationandphonelines.SomevisionariesspeakofaworldinwhichErgneednotcheckintohisoffice;

hecanjustdialinfromhome.Hewon'

tneedtogotoabartopickupwomenbecausethereareallthosechatrooms.Hungry?

Ergordershisgroceriesfromanonlinedeliveryservice.Bored?

Downloadanewgame.Andyet...

Manypeople,myselfincluded,arealittlequeasyaboutthatvision.Ergmaybedoingwork,butisitrealwork?

Arehisonlinefriendsrealfriends?

Doesanythingcountinaspiritualwayifit'

sjustdigital?

SincetheIndustrialRevolution,wehavebeenhauntedbytheprospectthatweareturningintoourmachines:

efficient,productive,soulless.Thenewesttechnologies,wefear,aremakingusflatasourscreens,turningusintostreamsofbitsofinterchangeabledata.Wemayknowalotofpeople,butwehavefewrealfriends.Wehavealotofthingstodo,butnoreasontodothem.Inshort,thenewtechnologyemphasizesaspiritualcrisisthathasbeenbuildingforquitesometime.

AsItrytounravelwhichIbelieveabouttherelativemeritsoftechnology,Ithinkitisinstructivetoremembertechnology'

soriginalresult.Abetterplowmeanteasierfarming,morefood,longerlives,andmorefreetimetopursueotherthingssuchasart.Ournewesttechnologydoesnotgiveusmorefreetime;

itconsumesourfreetime.Weareterminallydistractedfromconfrontingourselvesoreachother.Westaysafe,andlonely,inourhomesandofficesratherthantakingtheriskofmeetingrealpeopleortryingnewthings.

WhileIamcertainlynotaLuddite,Idobelieveweneedtolookforabitmorebalancebetweentechnologyandlife.Wehavetotearourselvesawayfromthefataldistractionsandgooutintotheworld.Technologyhasgivenuslonglivesandendlesssuppliesofinformation.Nowweneedtoapplythatinformation,usethetimewe'

renotspendingconkingourdinnerwithaclub,andfindourreasonsforliving.

COMMENTARY

Thisoutstandingresponsedisplayscogentreasoning,insightful,persuasiveanalysis,andsuperiorcontroloflanguage.Theessayimmediatelyidentifiesthecomplexitiesoftheissueandthenplayfullyexploresboththebenefitsandthedrawbacksoftechnologicaldevelopmentsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Thewritermaintainsthata"

balancebetweentechnologyandlife"

isnecessaryifhumansaregoingtoabatethelonelinessthatispartofmodernexistence.

5

Idisagreewiththeargumentthat"

Argumentscanbemadeforthisthesis,buttheydependlargelyuponwhatIbelievetobeapoordefinitionof"

loneliness"

.

Ifonedefineslonelinessastheabsenceofasmuchphysical,face-to-facecontactwithotherpeople,thenthisargumentisprobablytrue.Theinventionofmoderntelecommunicationsdevicessuchastelephones,faxmachines,andcomputershasdefinitelycutdownontheamountofphysicalcontactwithotherpeople.ThisisespeciallytrueinrecenttimesduetotheextremelyrapidexpansionoftheInternet.E-mailandtele-conferencingaredirectsubstitutesforphysicalcontact,especiallyinthebusinessworld.

However,Ibelievethatlonelinesscanbebettermeasuredbyintellectualcontactwithotherindividuals.Unarguably,moderntechnologymakesthisfasterandeasier,withbettercommunicationwithalargernumberofpeople.SomeemployershavearguedthatproductivityislessenedsincetheyhavehadcomputerslinkedtotheInternet,astheemployeesspendmuchoftheirtime"

chatting"

withfriends,acquaintances,orbusinesscontactsacrossthecountry.Thisisprobablynotagoodthingfortheemployers,butitdemonstratestheincreaseddegreeofcommunicationduetomoderntechnology.

Ofcourse,sometechnologieshaveincreasedlonelinessbyanystandards,suchastheautomobileorothertransportationmechanisms.Theseencouragesubstantiallylongercommutesbetweenhomeandwork.AutomobileshavemadepossiblethepatternofsuburbanizationthathasbeeninplaceintheUnitedStatessinceimmediatelyafterWorldWarTwo.Timespentcommutingisgenerallyunproductiveandspentalone,unlesstheindividualinquestioniscar-poolingorusingmasstransit.Thecontributionofthecommutingculturetolonelinessmayactuallybechangingnowduetonewtechnologythatisbeinginventedandusedbythegeneralpublic.Popularnewdevices,suchasthecellularphone,thelaptopcomputer,andthecombinationthereofmayactuallyconvertcommutingtimetoaperiodofincreasedcommunicationsbetweenpeople,to"

passthetime"

.Thiswillbeespeciallytrueasuseofmasstransitgrows,whichwillprobablyhappen,duetoproblemswithgasshortages,airpollution,andthecreationoffurthermasstransitbyfederalandlocalgovernments.

Themotivationforthedeclarationthatlonelinessisincreasingmaybeduetothefactthatmanypeople,especiallyblue-collarworkers,areunabletoaffordorusethesenewdevices.However,sincetheadventofthepersonalcomputer,thepricepercomputingpowerhascontinuallyloweredrapidly,andthistrendshowsnosignofchanging.Severalcompanies,suchasSunMicrosystemsandOraclehaveannouncedthattheyareattemptingtodevelopterminalswithlittlecomputingpower,butafullcapabilitytoaccesstheInternet.Thesedeviceswillbeinapproximatelythe$500pricerange,whichismuchmorereasonablethanthepriceofthecurrenttopofthelinePC.Inaddition,tocatertoalargermassofthepublic,softwarecompanieshavebeencarefullymakingtheirproductseasiertousebynon-"

computernerds"

.Thistrendisnotlikelytocease.

Inconclusion,althoughearlydevelopmentofmoderntransportationmayhaveincreasedloneliness,Ibelievethatmorerecenttechnologiesareactuallydoingtheopposite,stimulatinginterpersonalcontactandencouragingintellectualexpansion.TheperceptionthattheoppositeistruederivesfromwhatIbelieveispoordefinitionoflonelinessandthedifficultythattheworkingclasshasinacquiringandusingmoderntelecommunicationsdevices.

Thisstrongresponseanalyzesthecomplexitiesoftheissue.Indisagreeingwiththeprompt,thewritermakesadistinctionbetweentwotypesofloneliness--lonelinesscausedby"

theabsenceofphysicalcontact"

andlonelinessbroughtaboutbyalackof"

intellectualcontact"

withothers.Theessayreasonsthatwhile"

theautomobileandothertransportationmechanisms"

originallykeptpassengersphysicallyandintellectuallyisolatedfromoneanother,moderntechnology,suchasthecellulartelephoneandlaptopcomputer,hasmadeintellectualcontact"

fasterandeasier"

andhasbenefitedusersbyallowingthemtocommunicatewith"

alargernumberofpeople."

Theresponseprovidesclearandrelevantexamplesofthewaysinwhichtechnologicaldevelopmentsfacilitateandencourageintellectualcommunication.Thewriterexaminestheimpactofuser-friendlyInternetaccessontheindividual'

sabilitytointeractwithothersevenwhenphysicaldistanceseparatesthecommunicatingparties.

Theorganizationisclear,yettransitionsbetweenparagraphsarenotalwayssmooth.Thebodyoftheessaylacksthefocusthatwouldhelpmoveittoascoreof6.Itisnotalwaysclearhowtheinformationgivenrelatestotheessay'

sinitialposition（e.g.,thediscussionofcurrentpricesforpersonalcomputersinparagraphfive）.Theconclusion,whileclearlyrelevant,attemptstoimposeorderonthesomewhatlooselyconnectedparagraphs,yetfailstoaddsubstancetotheanalysis.

Onthewhole,theessaydisplaysclarityandcontrol,butthelanguageissometimesimpreciseandlesstightlycontrolledthanitwouldbeina6essay.Thefollowingsentenceisonesuchexample:

"

Themotivationforthedeclarationthatlonelinessisincreasingmaybeduetothefactthatmanypeople,especiallyblue-collarworkers,areunabletoaffordorusethesenewdevices."

4

Lookingattheabovestatement,Iseealotoftruthtothestatement.Therearemanywaysthatsocietyhasusedtheadvancedtechnologyinordertoisolatethemselves.Itmayormaynotbeaconsciousmove,buttheresultsareallthesame.Theisolationoccursinavarietyofwaysandinalldifferentareas.Bycomputerizingfactories,therearemoreandmorepeopleworkinglonghoursbythemselves,withthereonlycompanionasacomputermonitor.Althoughthecompanym