机械类文献翻译自动洗碗机的控制系统设计Word格式文档下载.docx
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关键词:
洗碗机;
控制器;
键盘/显示
Keywords:
dishwashers;
controller;
keyboard/display
1Introduction
Asdigitalapplicationofinformationappliances,dishwashershavebroadaccesstomassesofpeopleinthefamily,sothatpeoplecanworkfromhomeinthecomplexgraduallyliberated.
1 引言
随着数字信息家用电器应用的普及,洗碗机已经广泛进入人民大众的家庭之中,从而使得人们能够从繁杂的家务劳动中逐步解放出来。
Asahomeautomationequipment,suchasdishwashersgenerallyneedtoachieveautomaticcontrolinfluent,automaticdetergent,coldwash,automatictemperaturewashing,cleaning,drainage,Disinfection,andthetimingandfaultalarmfunctions.Fromthepointofviewofcontrol,adishwasherusuallyneedtomeetFigure1showssomeofthespecificrequirements,whichinvolvestheswitchingofsignalstherearetwokindsofsensorsishigh,lowsignaldetection,suchasdoorsSwitch,thewaterlevelandtemperatureregulationfortheprotectionoftripswitches,etc.;
anothersolid-staterelayswitchingcontrolsignalsbythestrengthofthesignalvoltagedisconnectandloading,suchaselectromagneticinletvalveopeningandclosing,openingandclosingtheheaterthermostat,andinstantlytheheatertocreateacontrolboxcleaningagentsanddisinfectantscontrolbox,andsoon.Figure1intheanalogsignalusedtoachievethefollowingmajoraspectsoffunctions:
(1)TemperatureSensortemperature/Xiaodaishuitemperaturedetection;
(2)throughtheman-machineinterfacedisplay,keyboardinputandoutput,suchasvoiceachievetemperature,washingprocessshowsthatthefaulttypeanddisplay;
(3)Accordingtouserneedsbysettingbuttontoselectwashingmode,andthroughfunctionkeyslaunch-relatedfunctional;
(4)theuseofstatisticalmachine,cleaningagentsandtheuseofdisinfectantsdosecounting;
(5)FailureAlarm,aswellas,washingcompletethereport.
作为一种家庭自动化设备,洗碗机一般需要实现诸如自动控制进水、自动加洗涤剂、冷洗、自动加温洗、清洗、排水、杀菌消毒,以及定时和故障报警等功能。
从被控制量角度出发,一个洗碗机通常需要满足图1所示的一些具体要求,其中涉及的开关量信号有两种,一种是传感器的高、低电平信号检测,如机门开关、水位高低、温度调节保护器和行程开关等;
另一种开关信号经由固态继电器控制强弱电压信号的断开和加载,如进水电磁阀门的开合、恒温加热器的开合、瞬间加热器的开合、清洁剂控制盒和消毒剂控制盒的工作等。
图1中所涉及的模拟量信号主要用于实现以下几方面的功能:
(1)用温度传感器实现水温/消毒水温度检测;
(2)通过人机接口的显示输出、键盘输入和声音输出等实现水温显示、洗涤过程显示以及故障类型显示等;
(3)根据用户需要通过设置键选择洗涤模式,并通过功能键启动相关功能;
(4)机器使用情况统计、清洁剂和消毒剂剂量的使用情况计数等;
(5)故障报警以及、洗涤完成报告等。
2dishwasherscontrolsystemhardwaredesign
Toaddresstheabovefunctionandreliability,costandeaseofusefactorssuchasmaintenance,andtheauthorofthedesignshowninFigure2dishwasherscontrolsystem.
SCMsystemisthesmallestandMCS-51compatiblewiththeAT-MELcompanieslow-powerhigh-performanceCMOSchipdesignAT89LS8252,k-chip8-byteprogrammableflashmemorystoragesystemfortheprocedurestobeadoptedbytheSPIinterfacedownloadprograms;
and2kbytesofEEPROMisusedtostorekeyparameters,suchasthebootpasswordmaintenance,productserialnumber,thenumberofboot,washingsettingparameters;
256bytesofRAMusedtostoretemporaryvariables.
Inviewofthedishwashershavemoreoftheswitchingsignal,therefore,theuseofparalleldesignchips8255toexpandtheI/Ointerface,andtomeetsomeofP1andP3Ipintheuseofitsinputandoutputratioof21/14,whichbuzzerfromP1.3control.Fromthereliabilitypointofview,partoftheinputandoutputusingphotoelectricisolationmeasures.Considerthatpartofthedrivesignalrequiredbythelargerdrivecurrent,therefore,thedesignusespower-drivendevicesULN2803todrive.
Therearetwotemperatureacquisitionprogramme:
First,theuseofthermalresistancewithaMAX150chipADconverter,andthendepositedintheprogrammemoryintheformtoachievethecurrenttemperature;
Second,theuseofthree-DS18B20temperaturesensorforacquisition,directaccesstothetemperaturedata.Incontrast,afterasimpleprogrammemoreeconomical.
LEDdisplayandkeyboarduseHD7279A3tocontrol,thecircuitshowninFigure3.HD7279AwithoutexternalcomponentscandirectlydriveatotalofeightvaginalLEDdigitalpipe;
correspondingpinDIG0~0~3digitaloutputdriver;
pinSA~SGandDPisaparagraphcorrespondingto~gandthedecimalpointdriveoutputcanbeindependentlycontrolledtodecode/decodingandattributessuchasblankingandscintillation.
2洗碗机控制系统的硬件设计
针对上述功能及可靠性、成本和方便使用维护等因素,笔者设计了图2所示的洗碗机控制系统。
单片机最小系统采用与MCS-51兼容的AT-MEL公司低功耗高性能CMOS芯片AT89LS8252设计,其中片内8k字节在线可编程闪存用以存放系统程序,可通过SPI接口来下载程序;
而2k字节的EEPROM则用以存放关键参数,如开机维护密码、产品的序列号、开机次数、洗涤设置参数等;
256字节的RAM用来存放临时变量。
鉴于本洗碗机有较多的开关量信号,故此,设计中使用并行芯片8255来扩展I/O接口,以配合P1和P3口部分管脚的使用,其输出和输入的比例为21/14,其中蜂鸣器由P1.3控制。
从可靠性角度出发,输入和输出部分都采用光电隔离措施。
考虑到部分驱动信号所要求的驱动电流较大,因此,本设计选用功率驱动器件ULN2803来驱动。
温度采集有两种方案:
一是使用热敏电阻配合芯片MAX150进行AD转换,然后通过存放在程序存储器里的表格来求得当前温度;
二是使用三端温度传感器DS18B20进行采集,直接得到温度数据。
相比之下,后一种方案较为经济简捷。
键盘和LED显示选用HD7279A3来进行控制,其电路图如图3所示。
HD7279A无需外围元件即可直接驱动8位共阴式LED数码管;
引脚DIG0~3对应0~3位数字输出驱动;
引脚SA~SG和DP则对应于段a~g及小数点的驱动输出;
各位可独立控制译码/不译码及消隐和闪烁等属性。
Thechiptherearethreetypesofinstruction:
Thefirstoneiswithoutsixoftheeightdata-orders,suchasreduction,testing,left/right(cycle)andtransposition;
secondisthe7with16ordersdata,includingdownloadingdatabymeans0/1decoder,downloadnotdecoding,scintillation,blanking,paragraphlit,closed;
thirdkeyboarddataisreadinstructions.SerialwaytheyareusedtocommunicatewithAT89LS8252,DATA-pinserialdatafromthechipintobytheCLK-synchronization.Whenthechip-selectsignalCSintolow,thedataonDATA-pinwillbeintheCLKpinattherisingedgeofthebufferHD7279Awaswrittenintotheregister.
Inaddition,thechipcontainsHD7279Atojittercircuitry,whichcanbecontrolled64keykeyboardmatrix.Figure2,componentsforthe4×
4JKEYkeyboardinterface,whenakeyispressed,theoutputpinLOWKEY,LED1brightlight-emittingdiodes,thestatehasbeenkeytotherelease.Ifatthistimetoreceivethe"
Readingkeyboard"
commands15H,inthefirsthalfofthedirective,DATApinwillbeinahigh-impedancestatetoreceiveinstructionsfromthemicroprocessor.Inthelatterhalfofthedirective,theDATAinputpinsfromstatetostateoutputfortheoutputvalueofthecodebypressingthebutton.该芯片共有三种类型的指令:
第一种是6条不带数据的8位纯指令,如复位、测试、左/右(循环)移位等;
第二种是7条16位带数据指令,包括下载数据按方式0/1译码、下载不译码、闪烁、消隐、段点亮、关闭等;
第三种是读取键盘数据指令。
它们均采用串行方式与AT89LS8252进行通讯,串行数据从DATA引脚送入芯片并由CLK端同步。
当片选信号CS变为低电平后,DATA引脚上的数据将在CLK引脚的上升沿时被写入HD7279A的缓冲寄存器。
此外,HD7279A片内含有去抖动电路,可控制64键键盘矩阵。
图3中,元件JKEY为4×
4键盘接口,当有键按下时,KEY引脚输出低电平,发光二极管LED1发亮,该状态一直保持到按键松开。
此时如果接收到“读键盘”指令15H,在指令前半段,DATA引脚将处于高阻状态以接受来自微处理器的指令。
而在指令后半段,DATA引脚则从输入状态转为输出状态,用以输出所按下的键代码值。
3dishwasherControlSystemSoftwareDesign
Functionalmodulesofthesystembywashingprocesscanbedividedintosixstages:
influentprocess,processheating,cleaningagentsintotheprocess,controlmotorrotatingcleaningprocess,injectedXiaodaishuidisinfectionprocessandthedrainageprocess.Dishwasheratthesametimetoensurethatthenormalworkoftheprocessvulnerabletofailure,thesystemalsosetupafaultalarmorshutdownfeature.Dishwasherssystemsoftwareinaccordancewiththepreparationoftheworkprocesses.Themainsoftwaremoduleswithpower-onselftest,stateinitialization,displaythecurrentdefaultstate,thestateenteredthekeyboardscanbuttonandwaitforthepressoperation,aswellasoperatingunderthecorrespondingkeyintotheprocess,anditsmainprogramflowasshowninFigure3.
Users,dishwashersstateshouldfirstcheckwhetheritisnormal,ifnormal,pressthepowerswitchweak,accordingtowashrequestedwashingmode(orusethedefaultmode),Addtobowlcleaningroom,andthenclosethedoors,pressstartbutton.,Thecontrollerofwaterlevelandwatertemperature,todeterminewhetherthewatertemperatureandheating,bringingthepreparatoryworkcompleted,motorstartcleaning.Nextthencleaningagentintothewashingroom,highandlowleveldetectionatthesametime,ifthelowerwaterlevel,waterimmediately,inordertoensurecleaningeffect.Uponcompletionofcleaning,suchasabowlofwaterontheairafteraperiodoftime,dishwashertemperaturetobeinjectedXiaodaishuiweredisinfected.Uponcompletionofwashing,buzzercallthatwashingcompletedontimeandtheinitialcontrollersettingstousermode.Inthewashingprocessandthekeyswereeachcorrespondingtooneofthebrightlight-emittingdiodeseliminate,theprocessandtoindicatewhetherornotthenormalkeys.Washingcompleted,theuseropensdoors,removedishes,andthenpowertoendtheentirewashingprocess.
Inthesystemsoftwaresubroutine,theneedforkeyboard/displaymoduleforthemanagement,includingtheinitializationsubroutine,sentsubroutine,receivingsubroutine,interruptsubroutine,suchasdisplaysubroutine.Keyboardsettingsthroughwhichuserscanbesetwashingmodemodules,eachprocessandthelengthoftimewashingdose,andmayatanytimebythecorrespondingbuttonsuspendedorterminatedwashingprocess.Technicalmaintenancestaffthroughkeyboard/displaymoduleforenteringthecorrectpasswordtotheuseofmachi