全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及参考答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及参考答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawhtorePlantnear

ChicagoIthopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorEgnting__1__workorsproductivityInstead，thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“Hawhthome

effect”theextremelyinflentlcelldeatheveey__3__tobemgexpenmenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior

Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplato．Accordmgto__5__ofthecxpetmems．their．houriyoutputrosewhenhghtmgWaS

increased．butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexpenment.__7__sometmgwaschanged．produchntyroseA（n）__8__thatthey

werebemgexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__t0alterworkers'

bchamor__10__uself

Afterseveraldecades，thesaliledatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestorej2一thedescnpuonsonrecord，no

systematic__13__wasfoundthatlcvclsofproduchxntywererelatedtochangesinlighting

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingthec~enmentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathapped．__15__，tighringwasalwayschangedon

aSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,，

acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexpenmentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentupOnMonday,workers__19__tobeduigentforthefirstfew

daysoftheweekinanycase，before__21__aplateauandthenslackeningoffThissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtoptndown

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]exlracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]Off

3.[A]Wuth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]conVoversial[B]perplexing[c]mischieous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]reqtttrents[B]cxplanalions[C]accounts[D]assements

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

8.[A]awarerress[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitale[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]retiable[D]wasleadmg

15.[A]Incontast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16．[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17．[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]chrnbing[C]surpassmg[D]hiting

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SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts．Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]．MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1．（40points）

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengranledforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods．Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepayment

systernMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy．Oneinvenlorpatentedatochniqueforlyingabox

Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversiale,versincetheywerefirst

authorized10yearsagoInamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalctrcuitsalditwoulduseaparticularcasetO

conductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBijskl,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDermis'

DCrouchoftheUniversityofMissoun

Schooloflaw．It“hasthepotentialtoelinateanentireclassofpatmts”

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethafactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevalusteiswetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.

TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnurrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroleCwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

[A]Itsrullingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

28.Theword“about-face”（Line1,Paro3）mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill

[B]increaseofhostility

[C]changeofattitude

[D]changeofauiuled

29．Welearnfromthelasttwopamgraphsthatbusiness-meihodPateats

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges

[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpateatholders

[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks

30．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobvamess-melhcdpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents

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InhisbookTheTippingPoinlMalcohnaladuellalouesthatsocialepidemicsaredliveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecial

individuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusuallinformed,persuasive,orweconnectTheideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesn'

texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinftuentialsderivesfromaplansiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheoryuntestedthelrycalledthe"

tow-stepflowofcommunication"

Information

llowsfromthemediatotheinftuentialsandfromthentoereryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindand

influencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthemThetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewas

wearingpromotingordevelopingwhaterveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattentionAnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecial

peoplecalldrivetrends

IntheirrecentworkhoweyersomeresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenetallysupposedIn

facttheydon’tseemtoberequiredofall

Theresearchers'

argumentstemsfromasimpleobserratingaboutsocialinfluencewiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimanrillyafunctionofmedianotinterpersonalinfluence-enenthemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'

tinteractwiththatmanyothersYetitispreciselythesenon-celebringinfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialenidemicsbyinflucencinytheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsosffectedmusttheninflucencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantforexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecasecadeofchangewon'

tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluencethe