英美国家概况Word文件下载.docx

英美国家概况Word文件下载.docx

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aboutone-halfthesizeofSouthAmerica（orslightlylargerthanBrazil）;

slightlylargerthanChina;

abouttwoandone-halftimesthesizeofWesternEurope

Landboundaries:

12,248km

bordercountries:

Canada8,893km（including2,477kmwithAlaska）,Cuba29km（USNavalBaseatGuantanamoBay）,Mexico3,326km

GuantanamoNavalBaseisleasedbytheUSandthusremainspartofCuba

Coastline:

19,924km

Maritimeclaims:

contiguouszone:

12nm

continentalshelf:

notspecified

exclusiveeconomiczone:

200nm

territorialsea:

Climate:

mostlytemperate,buttropicalinHawaiiandFloridaandarcticinAlaska,semiaridinthegreatplainswestoftheMississippiRiverandaridintheGreatBasinofthesouthwest;

lowwintertemperaturesinthenorthwestareamelioratedoccasionallyinJanuaryandFebruarybywarmchinookwindsfromtheeasternslopesoftheRockyMountains

Terrain:

vastcentralplain,mountainsinwest,hillsandlowmountainsineast;

ruggedmountainsandbroadrivervalleysinAlaska;

rugged,volcanictopographyinHawaii

Elevationextremes:

lowestpoint:

DeathValley-86m

highestpoint:

MountMcKinley6,194m

Naturalresources:

coal,copper,lead,molybdenum,phosphates,uranium,bauxite,gold,iron,mercury,nickel,potash,silver,tungsten,zinc,petroleum,naturalgas,timber

Landuse:

arableland:

19%

permanentcrops:

0%

permanentpastures:

25%

forestsandwoodland:

30%

other:

26%（1993est.）

Irrigatedland:

207,000sqkm（1993est.）

Naturalhazards:

tsunamis,volcanoes,andearthquakeactivityaroundPacificBasin;

hurricanesalongtheAtlanticcoast;

tornadoesinthemidwest;

mudslidesinCalifornia;

forestfiresinthewest;

flooding;

permafrostinnorthernAlaskaisamajorimpedimenttodevelopment

Environment—currentissues:

airpollutionresultinginacidraininboththeUSandCanada;

theUSisthelargestsingleemitterofcarbondioxidefromtheburningoffossilfuels;

waterpollutionfromrunoffofpesticidesandfertilizers;

verylimitednaturalfreshwaterresourcesinmuchofthewesternpartofthecountryrequirecarefulmanagement;

desertification

Environment—internationalagreements:

partyto:

AirPollution,AirPollution-NitrogenOxides,Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol,AntarcticTreaty,ClimateChange,EndangeredSpecies,EnvironmentalModification,MarineDumping,MarineLifeConservation,NuclearTestBan,OzoneLayerProtection,ShipPollution,TropicalTimber83,TropicalTimber94,Wetlands,Whaling

signed,butnotratified:

AirPollution-VolatileOrganicCompounds,Biodiversity,Desertification,HazardousWastes

Geography—note:

world'

sthird-largestcountry（afterRussiaandCanada）

People

Population:

270,311,756（July1998est.）

Agestructure:

0-14years:

22%（male29,952,220;

female28,560,357）

15-64years:

66%（male88,113,895;

female89,399,501）

65yearsandover:

12%（male14,088,571;

female20,197,212）（July1998est.）

Populationgrowthrate:

0.87%（1998est.）

Birthrate:

14.4births/1,000population（1998est.）

Deathrate:

8.8deaths/1,000population（1998est.）

Netmigrationrate:

3migrant（s）/1,000population（1998est.）

Sexratio:

atbirth:

1.05male（s）/female

under15years:

0.99male（s）/female

0.7male（s）/female（1998est.）

Infantmortalityrate:

6.44deaths/1,000livebirths（1998est.）

Lifeexpectancyatbirth:

totalpopulation:

76.13years

male:

72.85years

female:

79.58years（1998est.）

Totalfertilityrate:

2.07childrenborn/woman（1998est.）

Nationality:

noun:

American（s）

adjective:

American

Ethnicgroups:

white83.4%,black12.4%,Asian3.3%,Amerindian0.8%（1992）

Religions:

Protestant56%,RomanCatholic28%,Jewish2%,other4%,none10%（1989）

Languages:

English,Spanish（spokenbyasizableminority）

Literacy:

definition:

age15andovercanreadandwrite

97%

97%（1979est.）

Government

Countryname:

conventionallongform:

UnitedStatesofAmerica

conventionalshortform:

UnitedStates

abbreviation:

USorUSA

Datacode:

US

Governmenttype:

federalrepublic;

strongdemocratictradition

Nationalcapital:

Washington,DC

Administrativedivisions:

50statesand1district*;

Alabama,Alaska,Arizona,Arkansas,California,Colorado,Connecticut,Delaware,DistrictofColumbia*,Florida,Georgia,Hawaii,Idaho,Illinois,Indiana,Iowa,Kansas,Kentucky,Louisiana,Maine,Maryland,Massachusetts,Michigan,Minnesota,Mississippi,Missouri,Montana,Nebraska,Nevada,NewHampshire,NewJersey,NewMexico,NewYork,NorthCarolina,NorthDakota,Ohio,Oklahoma,Oregon,Pennsylvania,RhodeIsland,SouthCarolina,SouthDakota,Tennessee,Texas,Utah,Vermont,Virginia,Washington,WestVirginia,Wisconsin,Wyoming

Dependentareas:

AmericanSamoa,BakerIsland,Guam,HowlandIsland,JarvisIsland,JohnstonAtoll,KingmanReef,MidwayIslands,NavassaIsland,NorthernMarianaIslands,PalmyraAtoll,PuertoRico,VirginIslands,WakeIsland

from18July1947until1October1994,theUSadministeredtheTrustTerritoryofthePacificIslands,butrecentlyenteredintoanewpoliticalrelationshipwithallfourpoliticalunits:

theNorthernMarianaIslandsisaCommonwealthinpoliticalunionwiththeUS（effective3November1986）;

PalauconcludedaCompactofFreeAssociationwiththeUS（effective1October1994）;

theFederatedStatesofMicronesiasignedaCompactofFreeAssociationwiththeUS（effective3November1986）;

theRepublicoftheMarshallIslandssignedaCompactofFreeAssociationwiththeUS（effective21October1986）

Independence:

4July1776（fromEngland）

Nationalholiday:

IndependenceDay,4July（1776）

Constitution:

17September1787,effective4March1789

Legalsystem:

basedonEnglishcommonlaw;

judicialreviewoflegislativeacts;

acceptscompulsoryICJjurisdiction,withreservations

Suffrage:

18yearsofage;

universal

Executivebranch:

chiefofstate:

PresidentWilliamJeffersonCLINTON（since20January1993）andVicePresidentAlbertGORE,Jr.（since20January1993）;

note—thepresidentisboththechiefofstateandheadofgovernment

headofgovernment:

cabinet:

CabinetappointedbythepresidentwithSenateapproval

elections:

presidentandvicepresidentelectedonthesameticketbyacollegeofrepresentativeswhoareelecteddirectlyfromeachstate;

presidentandvicepresidentservefour-yearterms;

electionlastheld5November1996（nexttobeheld7November2000）

electionresults:

WilliamJeffersonCLINTONelectedpresident;

percentofpopularvote-WilliamJeffersonCLINTON（DemocraticParty）49.2%,BobDOLE（RepublicanParty）40.7%,RossPEROT（ReformParty）8.4%,other1.7%

Legislativebranch:

bicameralCongressconsistsofSenate（100seats,one-thirdarerenewedeverytwoyears;

twomembersareelectedfromeachstatebypopularvotetoservesix-yearterms）andHouseofRepresentatives（435seats;

membersaredirectlyelectedbypopularvotetoservetwo-yearterms）

Senate—lastheld5November1996（nexttobeheld2November1998）;

HouseofRepresentatives—lastheld5November1996（nexttobeheld2November1998）

Senate—percentofvotebyparty—NA;

seatsbyparty—RepublicanParty55,DemocraticParty45;

HouseofRepresentatives—percentofvotebyparty—NA;

seatsbyparty—RepublicanParty227,DemocraticParty205,independent1,vacant2

Judicialbranch:

SupremeCourt,justicesareappointedforlifebythepresidentwithconfirmationbytheSenate

Politicalpartiesandleaders:

RepublicanParty,JimNICHOLSON,nationalcommitteechairman;

DemocraticParty,SteveGROSSMAN,nationalcommitteechairman;

severalothergroupsorpartiesofminorpoliticalsignificance

Internationalorganizationparticipation:

AfDB,AG（observer）,ANZUS,APEC,AsDB,AustraliaGroup,BIS,CCC,CE（observer）,CP,EAPC,EBRD,ECE,ECLAC,ESCAP,FAO,G-2,G-5,G-7,G-8,G-10,IADB,IAEA,IBRD,ICAO,ICC,ICFTU,ICRM,IDA,IEA,IFAD,IFC,IFRCS,IHO,ILO,IMF,IMO,Inmarsat,Intelsat,Interpol,IOC,IOM,ISO,ITU,MINUGUA,MINURSO,MIPONUH,MTCR,NATO,NEA,NSG,OAS,OECD,OSCE,PCA,SPC,UN,UNSecurityCouncil,UNCTAD,UNHCR,UNIDO,UNIKOM,UNMIBH,UNOMIG,UNPREDEP,UNRWA,UNTSO,UNU,UPU,WCL,WHO,WIPO,WMO,WToO,WTrO,ZC

Flagdescription:

thirteenequalhorizontalstripesofred（topandbottom）alternatingwithwhite;

thereisabluerectangleintheupperhoist-sidecornerbearing50smallwhitefive-pointedstarsarrangedinnineoffsethorizontalrowsofsixstars（topandbottom）alternatingwithrowsoffivestars;

the50starsrepresentthe50states,the13stripesrepresentthe13originalcolonies;

knownasOldGlory;

thedesignandcolorshavebeenthebasisforanumberofotherflagsincludingChile,Liberia,Malaysia,andPuertoRico

Economy

Economy—overview:

TheUShasthemostpowerful,diverse,andtechnologicallyadvancedeconomyintheworld,withapercapitaGDPof$30,200,thelargestamon