最全面英国文学史知识点总结Word格式文档下载.docx
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特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③<
TheHouseofFame>
声誉之宫
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
IITheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·
斯宾塞1552~1599
(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
①<
TheFaerieQueene>
仙后(forQueenElizabeth)
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
1.UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
②<
TheShepherdsCalendar>
牧人日历
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
Amoretti>
爱情小唱?
2.Thomas?
More托马斯?
莫尔1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
①<
Utopia>
乌托邦
3.Francis?
Bacon弗兰西斯·
培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;
在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;
近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.?
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&
powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
TheAdvancementofLearning>
学术的推进
Essays>
随笔(famousquotas:
<
Ofstudies>
)?
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
4.BenJonson
ComedyofHumours>
Volpone,orthefox>
狐狸
5.Christopher?
Marlowe柯里斯托弗·
马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
(完善了无韵体诗。
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>
浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)
Tamburlaine>
帖木耳大帝?
③<
TheJewofMalta>
马耳他的犹太人
6.WilliamShakespeare威廉·
莎士比亚1564~1616?
①Historicalplays:
HenryVI;
HenryIV:
RichardIII;
HenryV;
RichardII;
HenryVIII
②FourComedies四大喜剧:
<
AsYouLikeIt>
皆大欢喜;
TwelfthNight>
第十二夜;
AMidsummerNight’SDream>
仲夏夜之梦;
MerchantOfVenice>
威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies四大悲剧:
Hamlet>
哈姆莱特;
Othello>
奥赛罗;
KingLear>
李尔王;
Macbeth>
麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154<
TheSonnets>
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
IIIThe17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰·
弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;
失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
①Epics:
ParadiseLost>
失乐园
Paradise?
Regained>
复乐园
②Dramaticpoem:
SamsonAgonistes>
力士参孙
Areopagitica>
论出版自由?
TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>
为英国人民声辩
④<
OnHisBlindness>
我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
2.JohnBunyan约翰·
班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
①ReligionaryAllegory:
ThePilgrim’sProgress>
天路历程
3.JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
①Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
②SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
③Valediction:
ForbiddingMourning>
IVThe18thCentury
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&
science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起:
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
1.Alexander?
Pope亚历山大·
蒲柏1688~1744
(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.
AnEssayonCriticism>
批评论
1.Using“heroiccouplets”
TheRapeoftheLock>
卷发遇劫记
MoralEssays>
道德论
EssayonMan>
人论
TheDunciad>
愚人记
2.SamuelJohnson塞缪尔约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary=<
ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage>
英语大词典
3.JonathanSwift乔纳森·
斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
)
Gulliver’sTravels>
格列佛游记(fictionalwork)
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国
Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛
Houyhnhnm马岛
AModestProposal>
一个小小的建议
TheBattleofBooks>
书战
ATaleofaTub>
木桶的故事
TheDrapper’sLetters>
一个麻布商的书信
4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔·
笛福1660~1731
小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;
十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
RobinsonCrusoe>
鲁宾逊漂流记
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
MollFlanders>
ColonelJacque>
Captainsingleton>
5.HenryFielding亨利·
菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
①novels:
TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>
弃婴汤姆·
琼斯
TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>
约瑟夫·
安德鲁
TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>
大诗人江奈生·
威尔德
Amelia>
爱米利亚
②plays:
TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>
一七三六年历史记事
DonQuixoteinEngland>
堂吉柯德在英国
6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗·
格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
TheTraveller>
旅游人
TheDesertedVillage>
荒村
②novel:
TheVicarofWakefield>
威克菲尔德牧师传
7.RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德·
布林斯利·
施莱登1751~1816
TheRivals>
情敌
TheSchoolforScandal>
造谣学校
8.WilliamBlake威廉·
布莱克1757~1827
SongsofInnocence>
天真之歌
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
SongsofExperience>
经验之歌
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
TheChimneySweeper>
London>
TheTyger>
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence
TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>
天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.RobertBurns罗伯特·
彭斯1759~1796
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
JohnAnderson,MyJo>
安德生,我的爱人
ARed,RedRose>
一朵红红的玫瑰
AuldLong?
Syne>
往昔时光
AMan’saManforA’That>
不管那一套
⑤<
MyHeart’sintheHighlands>
我的心在那高原上
⑥<
BruceAtBannockburn>
⑦<
TheTreeOfLiberty>
VTheRomanticPeriod
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<
LyricalBallads>
andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).
“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人,wholivedinthelakedistrict.
WilliamWordsworth;
SamuelTaylorColeridge;
RobertSouthey
1.WilliamWordsworth威廉·
华兹华斯1770~1850
(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
TheLakePoets)
抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)
IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>
Theme:
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”
2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.
Comment:
Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.
③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey
④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女
ThePrelude>
序曲
2.SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔·
泰勒·
科尔律治1772~1834
T