上海高中宾语从句和表语从句专题讲义Word文档下载推荐.docx
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when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften
2.连接词的判定：
根据连接词在从句中所做的不同的成分，我们可以归纳如下：
人物
主语：
whowhat
宾语：
whomwhat
名词性从句表语：
定语：
whichwhatwhose
状语：
whenwherewhyhow（howmany,howmuch,howoften）
不做成份：
thatif/whetherasif/asthough
【知识梳理1】宾语从句
（一）宾语从句简介
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句可以由从属连词that,whether、if，关系代词what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,whomever和关系副词when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however引导。
1、作动词宾语
（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。
that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
Ithink（that）he’llberightinafewdays.
（2）由关系代词what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,whomever引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
Acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo．
（3）关系副词when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however等引导宾语从句。
关系副词when，where，how，why既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。
在句中不能省略。
Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourplan.
（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
Iwonderwhether（if）daughtersarevaluedasmuchassonsinthecountryside.
2、作介词宾语
Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.
3.作形容词宾语
that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。
Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content,proud等。
IamnotcertainwhetherIhavemethimbefore.
I’msorry（that）you’reill.
（二）宾语从句在高考中的重难点
1.it充当形式宾语
（1）在believe,consider,declare,estimate,fancy,feel,find,guess,hear,imagine,know,make,prove,reckon,think,understand等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。
Shethinksitwrongthathedidn’tanswerthephone．
（2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
Ilikeitthateveryonepassedtheexam．
（3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。
如：
Wearethinkingofitthatwe’lllendyousomemoney．
Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.
（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。
Keepitinmindthatyouhavetobehomebyteno’clock.
Wetookitforgrantedthathewouldcome.
2、语序与时态
1）从句要用称述句语序
I’mnotsurewhentheywillstart.
Hetoldmewhyhedidn’tcomeyesterday.
2）宾语从句的时态特点
宾语从句的时态有时受主句时态的影响。
1、主句使用现在时（包括一般现在时与现在完成时）时，从句可以使用任何时态，从句时态可以与主句一致，也可以根据从句本身的需要使用各种时态。
I
think
you
are
right.
were
wrong
at
that
time.
she’ll
come
in
time.
he
has
already
finished
his
homework.
doubt
whether
is
telling
the
truth.
She
told
me
she
never
been
to
Great
Wall.
2、主句使用过去时，从句除表示“真理”可使用现在时态以外，一律使用过去时态。
He
said
earth
turns
around
sun
.
3、从句中含有过去时间状语时，使用一般过去时。
didn’t
was
yesterday.
4、从句中没有过去时间状语，但谈论的是过去发生的事实或从句含有完成时态状语时，常用过去完成时。
had
5、从句中含有将来时间状语或虽不含有时间状语，但却是谈论未来发生的事实，使用过去将来时。
wondered
would
mind
doing
a
favour.
3、要注意的几个问题
后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
例如：
Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.（√）
Iadmirethattheywonthematch.（×
）
不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，
常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。
Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.（√）
Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.（×
）
【例题精讲】
1.HewasborninisnowknownasXiangyang.
2.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.
3.Whenwearrivedinourapartmentwassupposedtobe,allIcouldseewasaschool.
4Evidencecameupspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.
5.Idon’tdoubtshewilllearnalotduringherstayinParis.
Keys:
1-5whatwhat；
whatwherethat
【知识梳理2】表语从句
用作表语的从句叫表语从句，它位于主句中的系动词之后。
可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。
这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question（问题），trouble（麻烦），problem（问题），result（结果），chance（可能性），suggestion（建议），idea（想法），reason（理由）等。
表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
Thetroubleis（that）shehaslosthismoney.
Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.
2、由关系代词引导的表语从句
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.
Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.
3、由关系副词where,why,when,how引导的表语从句
Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.
Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.
4、由连词because，asif/asthough等引导的表语从句
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.
1.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’smakesmefeelexcited.
2.Heneverworkshard.Andthat’sheseldompassestheexams.
3.Theonlyproblemwas________wekeptgettinglost!
ButLondonpeopleareveryfriendlyandhelpful.
4.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.
5.Themostexcitingthingforhimwashefinallyfoundtwotinnedfruitsinseemedtohimtobeaservant’sbedroom.
keys:
whatwhythatthatthat；
what
当堂一测：
1.我发现自己在公众面前很难表达自己的观点。
（…it…）
Ifindithardtoexpressmyselfinpublic.
2.你认为有必要再学一门外语吗？
（…it…）
Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearnanewforeignlanguage?
1.Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee____________useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.
A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.that
2.Itevenleavesthescientistsinwonder_____theyshouldcallthenewly-borncreature,whichlookshalf-humanandhalf-animal.
A.thatB.whyC.whatD.how
3.Manyskilledworkerswereorganizedtoclearaway______remainedintheWorldExposite.
A.whatB.whenC.
whichD.where
4.Consumersaregettingmoresensibleandbuyonly_____theyneedinspiteofalltheadvertisementstheysee.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether
5.Chinesemedicalexpertshavewarned_____antibiotics（抗生素）havebeen“heavilyoverused”athospitals,whichmightcauseseriousside-effects.
A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.why
6.Themanagerseemsnevertobesatisfiedwith______thecompanyhasachieved.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
7.Themanagerwillput______hethinkshasastrongsenseofdutyintheleadershipposition.
A.anyoneB.whoeverC.whomeverD.who
8.DeepintheAtlanticOcean,explorershavefoundmaybethemostvaluablesunkentreasureinhistory.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which
9.Recently,theChinesegovernmentgavesomeexamplesof_______DalaiLama’svisitingforeigncountrieshadaffectedChina.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
10.Howweexpressourideassometimesmeansmorethan_____wemeantosay.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.why
1-5BCABC6-10ABBCA
1.
Americanshaveaterribleneedtofindout
（1）_________isrightinanargument.Theproblemis
（2）_________attheinterpersonallevelyoureallydon’tneedtofindthetruth,ormaybethereisn’tany.Chinesepeoplearefarmorecontenttothink（3）__________bothsideshaveflawsandvirtues,becausetheyhaveanawareness（4）__________lifeisfullofcontradictions.TheydofarlessblamingoftheindividualthanAmericansdo.
2.
Oneaspectofgoodwritingis
（1）________eachparagraphhasatopicsentence,usuallythefirstoneinaparagraphwhichcontainsthemainideaoftheparagraph.Ifyouconcentrateonunderstandingthetopicsentence,thismayhelpyoutounderstand
（2）________comesnext.Skimming—thisisreadingatextquicklytofindout（3）_________informationitcontains.Youshouldskimwhen,forexample,youwantto（4）_________atexthastheinformationyouneedtoanswersomequestionsorwriteaproject.
1.
（1）who
（2）that（3）that（4）that
2.
（1）that
（2）what（3）what（4）if/whether
Readandchoosethebestanswer.
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