版英语名师讲练大一轮复习浙江专用人教版核心素养测评 三十三 选修7 Unit 3 Under the seaWord下载.docx
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Thefirstcircadianclocksevolvedintheoceans,sostudyingtheminoceananimalscantellusalotabouthowtheyevolvedandhowtheyworkandinteractwitheachother,explainsKimLast,aresearcherattheScottishAssociationforMarineScience.
Oysters(牡蛎),whichopentheirshellstoeatandspawn,alsohavealunarrhythm,anewstudyshows.
Inarecentexperiment,Frenchresearcherscarefullymonitoredhowwidelyadozenoystersopenedtheirshellsduringa3.5-monthperiod.Theteamusedahigh-techdevicethatquantifiedthevalveopeningeverytwoseconds,asdescribedinapaperpublishedinthejournalBiologyLetters.
TheyfoundthattwotypesofoystersinArcachonBayinsouthwesternFranceweresignificantlymoreopenduringnewmoonsandmoreclosedwhenthemoonwasfull.Inaddition,theoysterscouldtellthedifferencebetweenthefirstquartermoonandthethirdquartermoon,andweresignificantlymoreopen(bynearly20percent)atthelatter.
It’sunknownwhytheoystersdothis,thoughitcouldbeduetomorealgae(海藻)orotherfoodbeingavailableduringthenewmoonandastheyearprogresses,saysstudyleaderDamienTran,aresearcherattheUniversityofBordeaux.
Thelunarcyclecouldinfluencefoodavailabilitybyitsimpactonthetidesandthustheocean’scurrents.Whenthemoonisfullornew,itisdirectlyinlinewithEarthandthesun,forcingastrongpullontheoceanandthuscausingmorenoticeabletides,explainsDavidWilcockson,aoceanbiologistatAberystwythUniversityinWaleswhowasn’tpartofthestudy.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲了月亮会对动物,尤其是海洋动物产生巨大的影响。
1.Wheredidtheearliestlifeformsprobablyevolve?
A.Inthetides. B.Intheoysters.
C.Inthemoon. D.Intheocean.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第四段可知,苏格兰海洋科学协会的研究员金·
拉斯特解释说,最早的生物钟是在海洋中进化而来的,所以在海洋动物身上研究生物钟可以告诉我们很多关于它们是如何进化的,以及它们是如何工作和相互作用的。
由此可知,最早的生命形式可能是在海洋里进化而来的,故选D。
2.Basedontheobservations,whatisthelikelyorderofwhentheoystersaremostopenandmostclosed?
①Thenewmoon;
②Thefullmoon;
③Thefirstquarter;
④Thethirdquarter
A.①-②-③-④
B.①-②-④-③
C.①-④-③-②
D.①-③-④-②
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
根据倒数第三段可知,在法国西南部的阿卡雄湾,两种牡蛎在新月期间明显更开放,而在满月时则更封闭。
此外,牡蛎可以分辨出四分之一月和四分之三月,而在四分之三月时,牡蛎明显更开放(近20%)。
由此可知,根据观察,牡蛎最开放和最封闭的可能顺序是:
新月——四分之三月——四分之一月——满月,故选C。
3.Whatisitthatleadstothehugetides?
A.Astrongpull.
B.Astraightline.
C.Thelunarcycle.
D.Theocean’scurrent.
【解析】选A。
根据最后一段Whenthemoonisfullornew,itisdirectlyinlinewithEarthandthesun,forcingastrongpullontheoceanandthuscausingmorenoticeabletides.(当月亮是满月或新月时,它直接与地球和太阳在一条直线上,迫使海洋产生强大的拉力,从而引起更明显的潮汐。
)由此可知,强大的拉力导致了巨大的潮汐,故选A。
4.Whyareoystersmentionedasanexample?
A.Toexplainwhytheyopentheirshells.
B.Tofurtherstressthemoon’simpactonanimals.
C.Toshowthedifficultyofscienceexperiments.
D.Tointroducehowthehigh-techdeviceisusedinexperiments.
【解析】选B。
根据第一段Afullmoonisappearing—anditwillhaveabigimpactonanimals,especiallythoseintheocean.(满月正在出现,它将对动物,尤其是海洋动物产生巨大的影响。
)由此推断出,作者以牡蛎为例,是为了进一步强调月亮对动物的影响,故选B。
【知识拓展】 佳词积累
1.impact n.效果,影响
2.patternn.模式,图样,样品
3.intentionn.目的,意图
4.monitorn.班长,监视器
v.监控,监听
5.devicen.装置
6.availableadj.可获得的;
可找到的;
有空的
7.currentn.洋流,电流
adj.目前的
8.noticeableadj.显著的,明显的
B
世纪金榜导学号
NasrMajidstartedhuntingthisfallatBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefUge(保护区)ontheEasternShoreofMarylandinUSA.He’soneoftherelativelyfewnewhunterswhoofficialshopewillhelpstopanearlyfour-decadedeclinenationallyinwhathasbecomeahobbyforfewerthan5percentofAmericans.
NaturalresourcesandwildlifeofficialsinMarylandareencouraginghuntingofdeer,turkeysandsomeotherwildanimals,whichisbelievedtobegoodfortheenvironment.Withouthunting,theysay,sikadeerwilloverpopulateandthey’llovereatthebushesandotherplantsthatprovideimportanthabitatforbirds.OnthewesternshoreoftheChesapeakeBay,huntingisalsoimportanttopreventthespreadofdiseasessuchasLyme.
Inmanyfamilies,thehuntingtraditionhasbeenhandeddownforgenerations.Butaslongtimesportsmenageandchildrenloseinterest,thenumberofhuntersintheUnitedStatesfellby2million,from2011to2018,toabout11million.
“Everythingischanging.Kidsaregrowingupinfrontofvideogamesandcomputersinsteadofgoinghunting.”saidChrisMarkin,ahuntingspecialistforthestatenaturalresourcesdepartment.“Adultsusuallyfocusonworkingandprovidingfortheirfamilies.Thosepressuresarepreventingmanyotherpotentialhuntersfromgoingout,andfromraisingthenextgenerationofhunters.”
Toavoidsuchadecline,anewapproachisneeded.Governmentagenciesandnonprofitgroupsarenowlaunchingmentoring(指导)programstotrainmorehunters,whichnotonlyhelpspreserveanindustryandaculturebutalsomeansmoreprotectionforwildlifeandtheirhabitatsthroughdeerpopulationcontrol.
Luckily,therearethosestilleagertolearn,likeMajid.Hewasjustlookingforanoutdoorhobbyhecouldsharewithhischildrenwhenhecameacrossthementorshipprogram.Now,hefeelscapableofhuntingonhisown,butalsohassomeonehecantextwithquestionsthatpopup.Hisnewpastimehasalreadypaidoffforhim—onhissecondhuntwithhismentor,inthelastminutesofdaylight,hebaggedhisfirstdeer.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了NasrMajid在美国马里兰州东海岸的黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎。
他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一,官员们希望他们能帮助阻止近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降。
5.WhatcanbeinferredfromChrisMarkin’swords?
A.Thehuntingtraditionisfacingchallenges.
B.Nooneisinterestedinhuntinganymore.
C.Parentsfailtospendenoughtimewithkids.
D.Huntingaddstomanyadults’lifepressures.
根据第四段中的“Everythingischanging.Kidsaregrowingupinfrontofvideogamesandcomputersinsteadofgoinghunting.”及“Adultsusuallyfocusonworkingandprovidingfortheirfamilies.Thosepressuresarepreventingmanyotherpotentialhuntersfromgoingout,andfromraisingthenextgenerationofhunters.”可知,孩子们玩电脑游戏长大而不是去狩猎,成人忙于工作和养家糊口,这些压力阻碍了潜在的猎人外出,也阻碍了下一代猎人的成长,由此可知,ChrisMarkin的话表明狩猎传统正面临挑战,故A项正确。
6.Inthispassage,NasrMajidisconsideredasasymbolof______.
A.hope B.bravery
C.enthusiasm D.devotion
根据第一段内容可知,今年秋天,NasrMajid开始在美国马里兰州东海岸的黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎。
由此可知,NasrMajid被认为是希望的象征,故A项正确。
7.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“newpastime”referto?
A.Raisingquestions.
B.Learningtohunt.
C.Lookingforhunters.
D.Sharinganewhobby.
词义猜测题。
根据画线词前的“Luckily,therearethosestilleagertolearn,likeMajid.Hewasjustlookingforanoutdoorhobbyhecouldsharewithhischildren...”可知,幸运的是,也有一些人渴望学习狩猎,比如Majid,他把狩猎当作是一种可以与孩子们分享的户外爱好。
他的这个新消遣已经有了回报——在第二次狩猎的最后几分钟,他捕获了第一只鹿,由此可知画线词指的是“学习狩猎”,故B项正确。
8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.TeachHuntersNewSkills
B.PreserveaGreatTradition
C.ReducethePressureofLife
D.MakeHuntingMorePopular
主旨大意题。
通读全文,特别是根据第一段内容可知,本文主要介绍了NasrMajid在美国马里兰州东海岸的黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎。
他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一,官员们希望他们能帮助阻止近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降,由此可知D项(让狩猎更加流行)最适合作文章标题。
【知识拓展】 长难句分析
1.He’soneoftherelativelyfewnewhunterswhoofficialshopewillhelpstopanearlyfour-decadedeclinenationallyinwhathasbecomeahobbyforfewerthan5percentofAmericans.
分析:
who引导定语从句,修饰先行词hunters;
what引导宾语从句。
翻译:
他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一。
(打猎)已经成为不到百分之五的美国人的业余爱好。
官员们希望(像他这样的)新猎人们能帮忙阻止近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降。
2.Hewasjustlookingforanoutdoorhobbyhecouldsharewithhischildrenwhenhecameacrossthementorshipprogram.
hecouldsharewithhischildren是定语从句,修饰先行词hobby,关系代词省略;
when引导时间状语从句。
他正在寻找一种能和孩子共享的户外爱好,这时他遇到了这个指导项目。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
Stressisamajorprobleminthemodernworld. 1 Itiscommonamongofficeworkers.Managingitisnecessaryforpeopleinordertocreateawork-lifebalance.So,howcanyougoaboutremovingstressthroughtheancientartofgardening?
Surroundyourselfwithnature.Trees,birdsandscentoftheoutdoorsaregreatwaystohelprelax. 2 So,inordertoremovestressthroughgardening,youneedtogrowlotsofplants.
Makeitcomfortable. 3 Afterall,what’sthepointofmakingitbeautifulifyoucan’tsitorwatchyourflowersgrowafterwards?
Agood-qualitysetofgardenfurnitureistheonlywaytomakesureyourgardenisascomfortableaspossibleinordertoremoveyourstress.
4 Toreallyappreciategardenspaceforwhatitis,youneedtoleaveallofthestressesofmodernlifebehind,whichmeanskeepingyourphoneindoors.Yes,itmaybehardatfirst.But,afterawhile,itwillbegintofeelnormalandevengood.Sometimesnotknowingwhatishappeningintheoutsideworldistheonlywaytoenjoythetranquility(宁静)ofyourgarden.
Invitefamilyandfriends.Doyouwanttogetthebestwaytotrulyremovestressthroughyourgardeningefforts?
Shareitwithyourfamilyandfriends.Agoodbarbecueaswemoveintothewarmermonthsisthebestportofcall. 5 Afterawhile,yourgardenspaceshouldbecomearelaxationandstress-freezone.
A.Avoidusingtechnology.
B.Inparticular,itcan