新视野大学英语第二版听说教程4Passage部分听力原文Word文档格式.docx
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sright.Insteadoflivingoutasimplelifeofintegrityandhardworkortryingtodeveloparespectablenameinherprofession,shesoughtfame.Well,I'
lltellyou,shegotherwish.Shemadehermovies--AllAboutEvein1950,GentlemenPreferBlondesin1953,SomeLikeItHotin1959,andmore.Shegotintotroublethroughout--drugs,abuse....Allofthiscamecrashingdownonherhead,andshediedatanearlyagein1962.Sad,really.
Ihopethatthisexampleshowsyouthedangersoffame.Believeme,it'
sbestjusttoliveasimplelife.
UNIT2
CharlieChaplin
Somepeoplestandoutastrulyspecialandoneofakind.CharlieChaplin,asuperstarofsilentcomediesandoneofthegreaticonsofthe20th-centuryfilm,isoneofthoseuniquepeople.Chaplinhadarottenchildhoodandanearlystartonstage,performingevenasachildinvaudeville.HewenttoHollywoodin1914andbeganactinginsilentcomedies.By1915,hecontrolledmostaspectsofhisfilms,inwhichheusuallyappearedasacharactercalledsimplythe"
LittleTramp"
:
alovablyshabbydreamerwithabushymoustache,bowlerhatandcane.ChaplinwasoneofthefoundersofUnitedArtistsStudiosandwasoneofthefirstmoviemakerstohavecompletecontroloverhisfeaturesHisbest-knownfilmsinclude1925'
sTheGoldRush,1931'
sCityLights,and1936'
sModernTimes.Famouslyoutspokenandsympathetictocommunism,ChaplinlefttheUnitedStatesin1952becauseofincreasedpoliticalpressure.HesettledinSwitzerland,whereheandhiswifeOonaraisedeightchildren,includingactressGeraldineChaplin.In1972hereturnedtotheUnitedStatestoacceptaspecialOscar,andin1975,hewasknightedbyQueenElizabethII.
UNIT3
CarefortheAmerica'
sPoor
Whattodoaboutthepoorandneedyisaconcernofeverygovernment.TheU.S.isnotexemptfromthisconcern,butcareforitspoorhaschangedovertime.UntiltheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,stateandlocalgovernmentsinAmericaboresomeresponsibilityforprovidingassistancetothepoor.However,suchassistancewasminimalatbest.
TheNewDealpoliciesofPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltincludednewfederalinitiativestohelpthoseinpoverty.Withmillionsofpeopleunemployedduringthe1930seconomicdepression,welfareassistancewasbeyondthefinancialresourcesofthestates.Therefore,thefederalgovernmentprovidedfundsformaintainingaminimumstandardofliving,eitherdirectlytorecipientsortothestates.
Between1935and1996,federalprogramswereestablishedthatprovidedadditionalwelfarebenefits,includingmedicalcare,publichousing,andfoodstamps.Bythe1960s,however,criticismbegantogrowthattheseprogramsdiscouragedpeoplefromfindingemployment.Evendefendersofpublicwelfarebenefitsacknowledgedthatthesystemwasimperfect:
notingthefinancialdisincentivesassociatedwithtakingalow-payingjobandlosingthearrayofbenefits,especiallymedicalcare.
UNIT4
InformationHighway
The"
informationhighway"
the"
informationsuperhighway"
the"
Interweb"
Internet"
...allofthesewordshavecometoidentifythesamething--thewidespreadconnectionofcomputersandinformationfromaroundtheworld.Andasourunderstandingofthisconnectionhaschanged,sotoohavethetermswe'
veusedtodescribeit.
Theinformationhighwaywasatermusedespeciallyinthe1990stodescribetheInternet.TheofficialprojectwasdubbedtheNationalInformationInfrastructureandwentbeyondtheinterconnectivityofjustcomputers;
thescopebroadenedtoincludealltypesofdatatransmissionsbetweenaplethoraofplaces,people,anddevices.ItisoftenassociatedwiththeUnitedStatespoliticianandformervicepresident,AlGore,whopromotedfundingforprogramsthatledtoaspectsofthedevelopmentoftheInternet.AlthoughitscurrencywaswiderthanmerelyGore--manypolicyoranizationsmadepronouncementsabouttheso-calledinformationhighwayorthevariantinformationsuperhighway.BothtermsareusedlessfrequentlynowthatformanypeopletheInternethasbecomealessabstractandmoreconcretething;
thehighwayanalogy,thoughusefulandapt,hasperhapsserveditspurpose.
UNIT5
Dormitory
Mostpeoplepreferlivingbythemselves,astheythinkthattheadvantagesoflivingalone,suchasprivacyandquiet,outweighthenegatives,whichincludelonelinessandhighercosts.However,somepeople,collegestudentsmostofall,donothaveachoice.Becausecostsaresohigh,theyhavetolivewithoneormoreotherstudentsinwhat'
scalledadormitory.
Theterm"
dormitory"
usuallyreferstoalargeroomwithmanysinglebeds.Examplesarefoundinmanyroominghouses,hostels,universities,colleges,andbarracks.Theroomtypicallyisalargeroomwithbedsandonlysparesfurnishings.Suchroomscancontainanywherefromtwotohundredsofbeds--thoughverylargeroomsarerareexceptperhapsinmilitarybarracks.Suchroomsprovidelittleornoprivacyfortheresidents,andverylimitedstorageforpersonalitemsinornearthebeds.Storageissometimesprovidedinspecialstoreroomsinanotherpartofthebuilding.
UNIT6
ReasonsforDifferentPunishment
Somepeoplecomplainaboutwhattheyseeashypocrisyinsociety.White-collarcriminals,peoplewhocommitbusinesscrimes,arepunishedlessseverelythanareblue-collarcriminals,peoplewhocommitcrimessuchasassaultandmugging.I,however,thinkthereisasensiblereasonforthedifference.
Areasonfordifferentialtreatmentmightbethefactthat,allotherthingsbeingequal,criminalpenaltiestendtobemorerelatedtothedegreeofphysicalforceorviolenceinvolvedthantothemonetaryloss.Becausewhite-collarcrimesareusuallycommittedbypeoplewithopportuntiesthatdonotrequireviolence,theyarefarlesslikelytogetseverepenalties.Forexample,someonewhomugsavictimonthestreetbythreateningtoknifehimisverylikelytobepunishedwithamoreseverssentencethananinsidetraderwhocheatsshareholdersoutofmilliondollars.Thisdoesn'
tseemsowrongtome.
UNIT7
GeneticTechnologiesLimited
GeneticTechnologiesLimited,alsocalledGTG,isabiotechnologycompany,pursuingcommercialopportunitiesinthreemainareasofactivity:
out-licensingitsnon-codingpatentsglobally,expandingitsgeneticservice-testingbusinessintheAsia-PacificRegion,andsupportingcertainresearchprojectsinwhichtheCompanyisalreadyinvolved.OnJune30,2005,itssubsidiariesincludedthewhollyownedGeneTypePty.Ltd.,thewhollyownedSimonsGeneTypeDiagnosticsPty.Lty.,thewhollyowndeGeneTypeAG,thewhollyownedGeneTypeCorporation,the75.8%-ownedGtechInternationalResourcesLimited,the65%-ownedImmunAidPty.Ltd.,thewhollyownedSilbaseScientificServicesPty.Ltd.,thewhollyownedGeneticTechnologiesCorporationPty.Ltd.,andthe50.1%-ownedAgGenomicsPty.Ltd.GTGhasoperationsinAustralia,Canada,andSwitzerland.
ForthefiscalyearendedonJune30,2005,GeneticTechnologiesLimitedrevenuestotaled$7.2M,upfrom2.6M.Netlossesroseby19%to$5.7M.Revenuesreflectincreasedsalesinbiotechnologysegment,higherincomefromservicetestingandincreasedreturnsfromlicenses.Higherlossreflectsincreasedservicetestingexpenses,higherresearch&
developmentexpenses,anincreaseinpatent&
licensefeesandhighergeneral&
administrativeexpenses.
UNIT8
TheHistoryofSlavery
Thereisalotofinjusticeintheworld,inequalitiesofmanydifferentsorts.Andthemostextremeformofinjusticeisslavery.Beginninginthe16thcentury,apublicand"
racially"
basedtypeofslaverywasestablishedwhenEuropeansbeganimportingslavesfromAfricatotheNewWorld.Anestimated11millionpeopleweretakenfromAfricaduringthetransatlanticslavetrade.Bythemid-19thcenturytheslavepopulationintheUShadrisentomorethanfourmillion,althoughslaveimportshadbannedfrom1809.Followingtheriseinpublicoutcry,Britainoutlawedslaveryinitscoloniesin1833,andFrandedidthesamein1848.DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,slaverywasabolishedintheconfederacybytheEmancipationProclamationin1863,whichwasdecreedbyPresidentAbrahamLincoln.Brazilwasthelastcountrytoabolishslavery,doingsoin1888.Officialpolicynotwithstanding,slaverycontinuestoexistinmanypartsoftheworld.Manycontemporaryslavesarewomenandchildrenforcedintoprostitutionorworkingathardlabororinsweatshops.Debtbondageiscommon,affectingmillionsofpeople,andslavesarestilloftentradedformaterialgoods.
Unit9AmusementParks:
LoadsofFunComingtoaPlace
nearYou
TheHistoryofDisneyParks
YourfirstthoughtofDisneylandmightbeCalifornia,thelocationofthefirstDisneythemepark,openedin1955.AndwhileDisneyislargelyinfluencedbythecultureofitsbirthplace,Disneythemeparksarespreadingaroundtheworld.
In1983thefirstinternationalDisneythemeparkopened:
TokyoDisneylandParkinJapan.TokyoDisneylandParkisnowpartoftheTokyoDisneyResort,andhasasisterthemeparkTokyoDisneySea.BothTokyoDisneysareownedbyaJapanesecorporation,theOrientalLandCompany.TheWaltDisneyCompanyreceivesroyaltiesbasedonrevenuesandmaintainscreativecontrol.
In1992,Eu