农村区域发展专业英语教案文档格式.docx

农村区域发展专业英语教案文档格式.docx

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周

学分

3

课程性质

必修课（√）选修课（）

理论课（）实验课（）

所属

学院

经济贸易学院

任课教师

赵俊权

职称

副教授

授课对象

农村区域发展专业2005　年　　　1　班级

教材和

主要参

考资料

SeriesofEnglishCoursesof21stCentury

教学目的与要求

Agriculturaleconomicsmaybedefinedasanappliedsocialsciencedealingwithhowhumanschoosetousetechnicalknowledgeandscarceproductiveresourcessuchasland,labor,capital,andmanagementtoproducefoodandfiberandtodistributeitforconsumptiontovariousmembersofsocietyovertime.Likeeconomics,agriculturaleconomicsseekstodiscovercause-effectrelationships.

教学重点

与难点

Agricultureisaverylarge,heterogeneousindustry.Itinvolvesmanytypesofbusinessesinproducinganddistributingfoodandfibertoconsumers.Agricultureincludesfarms;

creditandsupplyfirms;

marketing,processing,anddistributionfirms;

restaurants,andretailers.

教学进程

第1-3次课

第4-6次课

第7-9次课

第10-12次课

第13-15次课

第16-18次课

第19-21次课

第22-24次课

授课章节

Unit1AgriculturalEconomics

Unit2TheFarmandFoodSystem

Unit3InternationalTrade

Unit4ConsumerBehaviorandDemand

Unit5IndifferenceCurves

Unit6PriceElasticityofDemand

Unit7ProducerDecisionMaking:

Single-VariableInputFunctions

Unit8ValueRelationships

学时

6

备注

区域发展专业英语课程教案

项目

内容

Unit1

AgriculturalEconomics

6

教学目的

Howtounderstandagriculturaleconomy

theagriculturalindustry

教学难点

Thecyclicalnatureofproduction

教

学

内

容

Agriculturaleconomicsmaybedefinedasappliedsocialsciencedealing.Withhowhumanschoosetousetechnicalknowledgeandscarceproductiveresourcessuchasland,labor,capital,andmanagementtoproducefoodandfiberandtodistributeitforconsumptiontovariousmembersofsocietyovertime.Likeeconomics,agriculturaleconomicsseekstodiscovercause-effectrelationships.Itusesthescientificmethodandeconomictheorytofindanswerstoproblemsinagricultureandagribusiness.

Thefollowingrapidgrowthintheranksofprofessionalagriculturaleconomists,andtheever-increasingpublicuseoftheirspecialtalents,beartestimonytotheforesightofthoseearlypioneeringtheorists.Mostbeginningstudentsprobablyhaveonlyavagueconceptofagriculturaleconomics.Forthestudent,itisablendofmanysubjectareas.Anagriculturaleconomicscurriculumordinarilyincludesclassesintechnicalagriculture,science,statistics,mathematics,business,generaleconomics,andothersocialsciences.Studentstakingacurriculuminagriculturaleconomicsmaymajorinsuchareasasfarmmanagement,productioneconomics,agriculturalmarketing,agriculturalpolicy,finance,economicdevelopment,naturalresources,andcommunitydevelopmentorpublicaffairs.

教学案例或实例

Howtounderstandagriculture

教学方式

lecture

作业

Howtounderstandthecharacteristicsofagriculture

Unit2

TheFarmandFoodSystem

Howtoestablishtheorganizationofagriculturalproduction

thevalueoffarmproductssold

farmermarketingcooperatives

Agricultureisanintegralpartofthegeneraleconomicsystem.Wesubdivideournationaleconomysothatthefundamentalstructurecanbeseen.Producingfirmsandconsumersarethecentraleconomicunitsinthesystem.

Manypeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateactivityinagriculturebecauseoftheeconomicconsequencesthatcouldoccurwithconcentratedresourcecontrol.Asaresult,somestateshaveattemptedtolimitthegrowthofcorporationfarming.Lawspassedinseveralstatesprohibitcorporatefarming.Statutesrestrictingcorporatefarminghavebeenenactedinseveralotherstates.Somestateshavelawsrequiringcorporationstoreportthelandthattheyowninthestate.Morethanone-halfofthestatesalsohavelawsrestrictingownershipofrealpropertybyaliens,withagreatdealofvariationintherestraintsprovidedbytheselawsastheyareappliedtoalienownershipofproperty.

Manyproducersareconcernedaboutfarmingcorporationsbecausetheythinkcorporationsaremoreefficientandthattheirsizegivesthemmarketadvantages,whichmayputthefamily-farmoperatorsatacompetitivedisadvantage.Farmersbelievecapitalmarkets,volumebuyingofproductioninputs,andvolumessellingofoutputaffordadvantagestocorporatefarmsthatarenotavailabletothem.However,moststudiesshowthatmoderate-sizedfamilyfarmsareasefficientasmostcorporatefarms.Withthissituationplusthegenerallylowreturnstoagriculturalinvestments,onewouldexpectverylittlegrowthincorporateagriculture.

Organizationalcategoriesofagriculturalproduction

Lecture

Howtounderstandtheorganizationofagriculturalproduction

Unit3

ConsumerBehaviorandDemand

Howtounderstandconsumerbehavioranddemand

consumerthebehavior

DiminishingMarginalUtility

Thischapterconcentratesonlyonhouseholds,orconsumers,andthebehaviorofpeopleinmeetingtheirdesireforgoodsandservices.Itisintheobservedmarketbehaviorofpeoplethattheconceptofdemandrests.Whiledemandwillbespecificallydiscussedlaterinthechapter,sufficeittosayatthispointthatdemandmeansthequantitiesofaproductboughtatalternativepricesholdingeverythingelseconstant.

Whenconsumerbehaviorisstudied,certaincharacteristicscanbenoted.

Onefeatureisthatconsumersspendeverythingtheyearnongoodsandservices,includingsavings.Anotheristhatconsumersneverseemtogetenoughofmostthings.Wecaninferfromthischaracteristicofconsumerbehaviorthathumanwantsareinsatiableandthatmoreispreferredtoless.

Oneofthereasonsconsumersdonotbuyinfinitequantitiesofeverythingisthattheyhavealimitedamountofmoneyincome.Ineconomics,weassumethatconsumers,withagivenmoneyincome,willpurchaseclothing,housing,food,haircuts,andalltheotherthingsthattheywantinamountsthatwillmaximizeutilityorsatisfactionforthem.Theutilityofaproductorserviceisderivedfromtheinherentcharacteristicsorqualitiesthatcausethemtobedesired.Thesemaybeobjectiveorsubjectivequalities.

Butitisunlikelythattwoindividualswouldattainthesameutilityorsatisfactionfromtheconsumptionofthesameamountofaproduct.

Consumer’sutility

Howtoconsumer’sutility

Unit4

ValueRelationship

Howtounderstandvaluerelationship

AdjustingtoPriceChange

MarginalFactorCost

WethenaredirectedtocomparingthevaluesofproductswiththevaluesofinputsusedLipintheirproduction.Asafirststep,acoupleofassumptionswillbeusefulandevenabitrealistic:

（1）Therearesomanyfirmsproducingthisproductthattheactionsofanyonefirmwillhavenoinfluencewhatsoeveroneitherinputorproductprices;

and

（2）thatthemarketdoesnotdifferentiateonefirm'

sproductfromthatofanother,thatis,thefirmsproduceahomogeneousproduct.Thusifacornproducerweretoshutdowncompletelyor,alternatively,toproducethelastpossibleextrabushelofcorn,themarketpriceofcornwouldnotbeaffected.Andprovidedthatthecornmeetscertainqualitystandards,oneproducer'

scornwillnotbediscriminatedagainstorofferedapremiumoverthatofotherfirmsproducingcorn.

Ourassumptionaboutunchangingprices"

vasvalidregardingindividualfirthdecisions,butthatdoesn'

tmeanthatweareunabletocopewithchangingresourceandproductprices,orthatweevenexpectthemtoremainunchanged.Changeisafactoflife,inmarketsasinanythingelse.Changingeconomicconditions,intotalmarketsupplyanddemandcausefrequentpriceadjustmentsinbothresourceandproductmarkets.Soouroptimumiscorrect,notforalltime,butonlyuntilanotherpricechangeoccurs,thenanadjustmentinX,usemustagainbemadetofindanewoptimum.

Valuestructureofproducts

Howtounderstandthevalueofproducts

Unit5

ProducerDecisionMaking

Howtounderstandproducer’sdecisionmaking

VariableInputsandEnterpriseSelection

VariableInputFunction

Inthepreviouschapter,wediscussedthesimplestproductionfunctions,specifically:

（1）asingle,composite,variableinputfunctionwithnothingfixed,anditsconstantreturns;

and

（2）asingle-variableinputfunctionwithotherresourcesheldconstant.Thisfunctionalrelationshipbetweenavariablefactoranditsproductissometimesreferredtoasthefactor-productrelationship.

Agriculturalproductiondecisionsareseldomsosimplethattheoperatorcanchooseasinglecroporsinglelivestockenterpriseasthefirm'

sonlyproduct.Cropfarmstypicallyproducetwoormoredifferenttypesofgraincrops;

stockranchesfrequentlyproducebothlivestockandgrainorforagecrops,oreventwoormoretypesoflivestock.Therelationshipbetweenenterprisesisreferredtoastheproduct-productrelationship.Thesetwogeneralproblemareas-factorfactorandproduct-product-andtheeconomiccriteriaformakingthesechoices,aredealtwithinturninthischapter.

Anenterpriseisaspecificcroportypeoflivestockfromwhichproductsareobtained,forexample,cotton,wheat,beefcattle,hogs,oronions.Inwhichtousethevariableresources.Physicalrelationshipsandeconomicfactorscauseproducerstochooseoneparticu