中考英语基础语法十三+主谓一致和倒装句含答案文档格式.docx
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Toprotecttheenvironmentisourduty..
Readinginthesunisbadforoureyes..
表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
Thestudentsarehavingtheirmathclass..
TheyhavebeentoQingdaotwice..
and连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;
如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式。
Eatingvegetablesanddoingexercisearegoodforourhealth..
both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,clothes,gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Jack’sglassesarebroken..
Linda’sshoesareblackandblue..
“anumberof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;
“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
Anumberoftreeshavebeenplanted..
Thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan120..
不定代词another,eachone,either,neither,theother,somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,everything,nothing,anybody,anything,anyone,noone等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Iseveryonehere?
Icalledlastnight,butnobodywasin..
主语后面跟with,alongwith,like,except,besides,aswellas,togetherwith,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致
MeiMei,withherparents,oftengoestotheparkonSunday..
Ateacher,togetherwithsomestudents,isstandingatthegate..
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。
ThiskindofcarismadeinChina..
Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded..
“分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“alotof/lotsof,plentyof,mostof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。
若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;
若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished..
MostofthebooksarewritteninEnglish..
特例清单
1..what从句作主语时,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;
如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
Whatweneedistime..我们需要的是时间。
Whatsheneedsaregoodbooks..她需要的是一些好书。
2..and连接并列主语,若前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotapresent..每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
【题组训练】
()1..(20xx·
黔东南)Climbinghills_____goodforourhealth..
A..areB..isC..wasD..were
()2..(20xx·
咸宁)—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?
—Itogetherwithmyclassmates____goingtoclimbMountQian..
A..isB..amC..areD..Were
()3..(20xx·
达州)—Icalledyouat5:
00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered..
—Sorry,Iwithmyparents______atthattime..
A..wasshoppingB..wereshopping
C..areshoppingD..wentshopping
()4..(20xx·
孝感)Anumberofvolunteers____fromfarawaycities..
A..isB..are
()5..(20xx·
白银)Thezookeeperisworriedbecausethenumberofvisitors________smallerandsmaller..
❷意义一致原则
使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,government,class,staff,public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定:
若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式;
若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式。
Hisfamilyisn’tlarge..Hisfamilyarefondofwatchingsportsprograms..
有些集合名词如people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;
有些名词如news,means,works,physics,politics,maths等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式。
Thepolicearesearchingforthemurder..
Physicsisreallydifficultforme
“the+某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Theyoungareenergetic..
某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),therest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。
Halfoftheworkhasbeenfinished..
Halfoftheworkershavefinishedtheirworkaheadoftime..
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,通常视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Twopoundsisn’tsoheavy..
Twomonthsisalongholiday..
Tenyuanisenough..
Tenminusfiveisfive..
1..某些以s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如theUnitedStates,theNetherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;
如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry..美国是一个发达的国家。
TheNiagaraFallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld..尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。
2..none如果指量,动词用单数;
若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可;
none如果代指不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。
Noneofthemoneybelongstome..没有一分钱是属于我的。
Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentoEgyptinourclass..我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。
3..“all/most/half/therestof+名词”作主语,谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes..她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。
HalfofthestudentswatchTVtwiceaweek..一半的学生一周看两次电视。
—Yes..Anothertendays______enough..
A..isB..wasC..areD..were
()7..(20xx·
宜宾)Look!
Thepolice_____thefoodontothebankoftheriver..
A..amcarryingB..iscarrying
C..arecarryingD..arecarried
()8..(20xx·
广安)—Maths______myfavoritesubject..Whataboutyou?
—Physics_______..Ithinkit’sveryinteresting..
A..is;
isB..are;
areC..are;
is
()9..(20xx·
佛山)Thankstotheorganization,somemoney______giventothepoorchildren..
A..wasB..wereC..are
()10..(20xx·
自贡)—Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob?
—Twodays____enoughformetofinishthework..Ineedaweek..
A..isn’tB..aren’tC..is
❸就近一致原则
由or,either…or…,nor,neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,notonly…butalso…等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致
Neitheryounorheiswrong..
NotonlyJimbutalsohisfriendsareenjoyingthefilm..
Here/therebe句型中句子的主语在be之后,系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。
Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou..
Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesontheplate..
()11..(20xx·
广安)—NeitherTonynorI____interestedinplayingWeibo..
—Youareout..
A..amB..isC..are
()12..(20xx·
白银)There______greatchangesinsuchkindofPDAs(掌上电脑)inthelastfewyears..
A..hasbeenB..havebeen
C..hashadD..havehad
()13..(20xx·
济宁)Acrossfrommyhome,_______ashopwhichsellsthingsfromforeigncountries..
A..itisB..ithas
C..thereisD..thatis
()14..(20xx·
重庆)There______lotsofsheepandpigsonmyuncle’sfarmnow..
A..wasB..wereC..isD..are
()15..(20xx·
安顺)NeithermysisternorI______beentoAmericabefore..
A..haveeverB..havenever
C..haseverD..hasnever
❹倒装句
结构
so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人,意为“也是如此”)
—TomhaseverbeentoChina..汤姆曾经到过中国。
—SohasMike..迈克也去过。
neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人,表否定)
—LiPingwasn’tlateforschoolthismorning..李平今天上午没有上学迟到。
—NeitherwasTom..汤姆也没有。
so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词(主语是同一个人,意为“的确如此”)
—HecontinuedwatchingTVafterthephonerangmanytimes..在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。
—Sohedid..的确如此。
Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语
Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词
.公共汽车来了。
Hereitis..它在这里。
()16..(20xx·
黄石)—SorrySir,I’vemadesomanymistakesinthispaper..
—It’sOK.._____..Thispaperisverydifficult..
A..Sohaveotherstudents
B..Sodootherstudents
C..Neitherdootherstudents
D..Neitherhaveotherstudents
()17..(20xx·
南充)—Hehasn’tseenthatinterestingfilmbefore..
—_________..
A..SohaveIB..NeitherhaveI
C..NordoID..SodoI
—_________..Theweatherispleasant..
A..SoitisB..Soisit
C..SoitdoesD..Sodoesit
()19..(20xx·
遂宁)—WillyougotoPeter’spartythisSaturdayevening?
—Ihaven’tdecidedyet..Ifyoudon’tgo,________..
A..sowillIB..neitherdoI
C..neitherwillI
()20..(20xx·
白银)—HasyourmotherbeentoLondon?
—Yes,and_______..Wewenttogether..
A..sohaveIB..soIhave
C..neitherhaveID..neitherIhave
04整合集训反馈层级化
()1..Oneofmyfriends______movedtoAmerica..Imisshersomuch..
A..hasB..have
C..isD..are
()2..Thisismytwinsister,Lucy..NotonlyshebutalsoI______goodatdrawing..
A..isB..amC..areD..be
()3..Tenminutesago,there_____aneraser,apenandsomebooksonthedesk..
A..isB..areC..wasD..were
()4..Linda,withherparents,______theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon..
A..havegonetoB..hasbeento
C..havebeentoD..hasgoneto
()5..In1850,aboutathirdoftheUSA______coveredwithforests(森林)..
A..wereB..hasbeen
C..areD..was
()6..Thepopulationoftheworld______still_____now..
A..has;
grownB..will;
grow
C..is;
grownD..is;
growing
()7..Asthesayinggoes,nonews_______goodnews..
A..isB..areC..hasD..have
()8..Mostoftheboyswhoaregoodatplayingbasketball_____ingoodhealth..
()9..—Haveyougotanywatertodrink?
—Hereyouare..There______stillsomeinthebottle..
A..areB..hasC..isD..have
()10..Cindytogetherwithherparentsoften_____tothemoviesonweekends..
A..goB..goes
C..hasgoneD..havegone
()11..—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?
—Either______OK,butIprefercoffee_____tea..
toB..are;
with
withD..are;
to
()12..Thewholefamily_______enjoyingthebeautifulmusicnow..
A..isallB..allisC..allareD..areall
()13..—Howmuchwouldyouliketopayforthepairofshoes?
—Twentydollars_______enough..
A..beB..isC..areD..am
()14..—Physics_____moredifficultthanmath,doyouthinkso?
—Yes,Ithinkso..
A..thinksB..don’tthink
C..thinkD..doesn’tthink
()16..Eachmanandwoman_____thesamerights(权利)..
A..hadB..has
C..haveD..ishaving
()17..Climbinghills______ofgreathelptoourhealth..
()18..Eachofthegirlshere________totheWestLaketwice..
A..havegoneB..havebeen
C..hasgoneD..hasbeen
()19..Neithermyfathernormymother_____rockmusic..Theythinkit’stoo_______..
A..likes;
noisyB..likes;
noise
C..like;
noisyD..like;
()20..______ofthelandinthisdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass..
A..Twofifths;
areB..Twofifth;
are
C..Twofifth;
isD..Twofifths;
()21..Something_____gonewrongwithmyTVset..
C..