英语构词法Word下载.docx

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英语构词法Word下载.docx

dictionary,boundary

-ation:

examination,education,comparison,formation,

-cy:

accuracy,efficiency,privacy

-dom:

freedom,kingdom,wisdom,

-ee:

employee,interviewee,

-er:

teacher,worker,engineer,waiter

-or:

visitor,actor,director

-ess:

actress,waitress,goddess,

-hood:

childhood,neighborhood,motherhood

-ian:

magician,musician,historian,mathematician

-ing:

feeling,shopping,training,reading,sightseeing

-ion:

action,decision,collection,creation

-ism:

socialism,heroism,imperialism,feudalism

-ist:

capitalist,artist,scientist,racist,novelist,communist

-ity:

prosperity,equality,formality,majority

-ment:

arrangement,government,movement,management

-ness:

illness,sadness,weakness,happiness

-ry:

jewelry,slavery,bravery

-ship:

friendship,relationship,ownership,leadership

-ty:

loyalty,safety,cruelty

-ure:

failure,pleasure,pressure

-ware:

software,glassware,hardware

-work:

housework,schoolwork,paperwork

-y:

modesty,difficulty,discovery

2.构成名词的后缀

-graph:

photograph,paragraph

-ial:

denial,burial,memorial

-mate:

schoolmate,classmate,roommate

3.构成形容词的后缀:

-ful:

handful,careful,wonderful

-able:

valuable,comfortable,capable

cultural,national,logical,original

important,pleasant,ignorant

momentary,imaginary,legendary

-ate:

fortunate,passionate,

-ed;

excited,interested,amazed

-en:

woolen,wooden,golden.earthen

-ent:

different,dependent,existent,consistent

-ic:

realistic,poetic,historic,economic

-ical:

classical,economical,geographical

amusing,convincing,misleading

-ish:

childish,selfish,foolish

-ive:

active,effective,attractive,expensive

-less:

endless,homeless,useless,harmless

-like:

childlike,lifelike

-ly:

friendly,orderly,costly,leisurely

-ous:

courageous,furious,nervous,dangerous

-some:

handsome,lonesome,tiresome

-wide:

worldwide,nationwide,companywide

rainy,windy,dirty,muddy

4.构成副词的后缀:

clearly,really,finally,suddenly

-down:

headdown,facedown,palmdown

-ward(s):

westward,backward,forward

5.构成动词的后缀:

-ate:

activate,originate,motivate,

widen,sharpen,brighten,deepen

-ify:

simplify,purify,notify,justify

-ize:

apologize,emphasize,realize,criticize

 

英语常用前缀

a-not,without不,非,无

amoraladj.非道德的,与道德无关的asepticn.防腐剂;

adj.无菌的;

atheistn.无神论者;

【联想】immoraladj.不道德的,邪恶的

1.anti-opposite,opposing,against反抗,对立,反对

antisocialadj.不擅社交的,反社会的;

antithesisn.对立面;

antibioticn.抗生素adj.抗生的

2.auto-self,oneself自己的

autobiographyn.自传;

automatn.(美)自动售货机;

automaticadj.自动的,机械的;

autonomousadj.自主的;

autocratn.独裁者;

autographn.亲笔签名

3.be-tomake,cause,totakefrom使成为,促成

becalm使安静;

belovedadj.心爱的;

bewilderedadj.迷惑的,不知所措的;

belittlev.使渺小,轻视;

bedraggledadj.全身污泥的

4.bi-two,twice二,两次

bicyclen.z自行车;

bilateraladj.有两面的;

bigamyn.重婚;

bilingual双语的;

biennialadj.两年一次的;

bi-weeklyadj.两周一次的

5.bio-life,living生命,生物

biologyn.生物学;

biographyn.传记;

bio-systemn.生物系统;

antibioticsn.抗生素;

biosphere生物圈

6.cent-hundred一百

centuryn.世纪,百年;

percentn.百分比;

centigraden.摄氏度,百分度;

centenniala.百年纪念;

centipede蜈蚣(百足虫)

7.col-,together,with在一起com-,con-

collectv.聚集,集中;

collidev.碰撞,相撞;

colludev.勾结,共谋;

combinev.联合,使结合;

communicationn.交流,通讯;

companyn.陪伴,公司;

concurv.同时发生;

connectv.连接,联合;

contactv.接触;

联系

8.contra-against,inoppositionto反对,相反

contraryadj.相反的;

contradictv.与…矛盾,contravenev.违反;

contraceptionn.避孕

9.de-toreverse相反,

destructionn.破坏;

毁灭;

toremove除去

delouse驱除虱子;

defrost解冻,除霜;

deforestv.砍伐森林;

desaltv.除去盐分

tomakeless减少

devaluevt.贬值;

degradev.降级;

devaluev.贬值;

depressv.使沮丧;

使萧条

10.dis-opposite,negation相反,…的否定

disbelieve怀疑;

dismember肢解

11.en-,em-tocausetobe使成为

enlarge扩大;

放大;

tofurnishwith赋予

empower授权

12.ex-former从前的,

ex-husband前夫;

ex-wifen.前妻;

ex-presidentn.前任总统

outside,outof,awayfrom向外,脱离

exportv.出口;

excludev.排斥;

expelv.驱逐;

exposev.揭露;

exceedv.超越

13.extra-beyond,outside超出…的范围,在…之外

extraterrestrial地球外的;

extracurriculara.课外的;

extraordinarya.非凡的;

特别的;

extravaganta.浪费的;

过分的

14.fore-before预先的,提前的

forewarnv.预警;

foreseev.预见;

foreboden.预兆;

forecastv.预报;

front,frontpart在前的,前部的

forelegn.前肢;

forearmn.前臂;

foreheadn.前额

15.homo-similar,same,alike相似的,相同的

homophonen.同音字;

homosexuala.同性恋的;

homogeneousa.同类的,均匀的

16.hyper-above,over,beyond,extreme在…之上,过于,超出,极度

hyperactive过度活跃的;

hypersensitivea.非常敏感到;

hypercriticala.吹毛求疵的

17.in-not不,il-,im-,ir

incompletea.不完全的;

illogicala.不合逻辑的;

impossiblea.不可能的;

irresponsiblea.不负责任的

18.inter-between,among,inthemidst在…之间,在…中间

interplanetary行星间的;

internationala.国际的;

interactionn.互相影响;

intervenev.干涉;

干预;

interposev.放入;

介入

19.intro-within,into,in,inward在…里面,向内

introspectionn.内省;

反省;

introducev.引进,介绍;

intromitv.插入;

introvertn.性格内向的人

20.macro-large,long大的,长的

macrocosm宏观世界;

macroeconomicsn.宏观经济;

macroclimaten.大气候

21.mal-bad,badly坏的,不良的

malfunction故障;

malnutritionn.营养不良;

maltreatv.虐待;

malpracticen.玩忽职守

22.micro-verysmall微小的

microscopen.显微镜;

microwaven.微波;

microben.微生物;

microeconomicsn.微观经济学

23.mini-small,short小的,短小的

miniskirt超短裙;

minimumn.最小值;

miniaturen.缩影;

小画像;

minimala.最低限度的

24.mis-bad,badly错误的,不良的

mislead误导;

mistrust猜疑;

misfortunen.不幸;

misunderstandv.误解

25.mono-one,single一个,单独

monorail单轨铁路;

monopolyn.垄断;

monotonousa.单调的;

monomanian.偏执狂;

monogamyn.一夫一妻制

26.multi-many,several许多,多个

multipurpose多种用途的;

multiplea.多样的;

multiculturala.多种文化的;

multimedian.多媒体;

multituden.多数;

群众

27.non-not不

nonsmoker不吸烟的人;

nonexistenta.不存在的;

nonstopa.直达的;

nondescripta.没有特征的

28.out-beyond,exceeding,surpassing超过的,超越

outclass远胜过;

outlivev.比…长命;

outnumberv.数目超过;

outwitv.以智取胜

goout,awayfrom出去,离开

outlying题外的,偏僻的;

outlandisha.偏僻的,怪异的;

outlinen.轮廓;

大纲;

outbreakn.爆发;

outragen.暴行;

愤怒

29.over-above在…之上

overlord最高统治者,霸主overlapv.overcomev.overlookv.overwhelmv.

toomuch过多,过度

overwork过度工作,加班;

overcrowdeda.过度拥挤的;

overcorrecta.矫枉过正的;

overdosen.药物过量

30.post-after在…之后的

postwar战后的;

postscriptn.附言,附笔;

postponev.推迟;

posthumousa.死后的,遗腹的;

posteriora.较后的

31.pre-before在…之前的

premaritala.结婚前的;

previewv.预习;

precautionn.预防措施;

precedentn.先例;

predictv.预言

32.pro-for,onthesideof支持…的,赞成…的

pro-abortion赞成人工流产合法化的;

pro-West亲西方的

earlier,before,priorto先于…的

proceed进行,继续下去;

prohibitv.禁止,阻止;

proclaimv.宣布,声明;

proposev.提出,建议;

promotev.提升,促进

33.re-again再

rewrite重写,改写;

reconsider重新考虑;

remarry再婚;

reunite再结合

backward,back向后,后面

respond回答,相应restore恢复,归还;

restrain抑制,克制

34.semi-half一半

semicircle半圆形;

semiannual半年的;

semifinal半决赛;

semidivine半神的

partly部分的

semiconductorn.半导体;

semidarknessn.半明半暗;

semi-skilled半熟练的

35.sub-below,under在…下面的

subsoil下层土;

subway(美)地铁;

submarine潜水艇;

subtitle副标题,电影字幕

lessthan,incompletely次于,亚于,不完整的

subnormal低于正常的;

subhuman低于人类的;

substandard不合规格的

36.super-above,greater,superior,exceeding,more超过,超越,高于

superman超人;

superior出众的,较高的;

supersonic超音速的;

supernatural超自然的;

supervise监督;

管理

37.tele-overadistance远距离的

telescope望远镜;

telephoto远距摄影;

telephone电话;

telecommuter远程工作

38.trans-across横过,转变

transplant移植,迁移;

transport运输;

transfer迁移;

transmit传输,传送;

transparent透明的;

transpose调换;

颠倒顺序

39.tri-three三

tripod三角架;

triangle三角形;

tricycle三轮车;

tri-level三层的

40.un-not不,非

unhelpful无用的;

unfair不公平的;

uncertain不确定的;

unusual不寻常的;

unlucky不幸的

todotheopposite做相反的动作

untie解开;

undo松开,解开;

unlock开锁,开启;

uncover揭开,揭露;

unplug拔去插头

41.under-beneathorbelowinposition在之下

underground地下的,秘密的;

undergo经历,遭受;

underline加下划线,强调;

underclothes内衣;

underside下腹,下侧

lessindegree,rate,orquantitythannormalorproper不足

undersized不够大的;

underdeveloped不发达的;

under-financed资金匮乏的;

understatementn.保守的说法;

underestimatev.低估

42.uni-one一致的,统一的

unisexadj.男女通用的;

uniform统一的,一致的;

unique唯一的,独一无二的;

union联合;

联盟;

unify统一

常用后缀:

1.-able,-ible

与动词结合,构成形容词,表示某种可能性:

thatcanbe

acceptable可接受的;

comparable可比较的;

desirable令人要的;

noticeable值得注意的

与名词结合,构成形容词,表示具备某些品质:

havingthequalityof

comfortable舒适的;

fashionable时髦的;

honorable光荣的;

knowledgeable知识渊博的

2.–age

与动词、名词、形容词结合,构成新的名词,表示状态、行为、结果或关系:

state,action,resultorrelationship

blockage封锁;

coverage覆盖;

drainage排水;

marriage结婚;

shortage缺乏

3.–al

与名词结合,构成形容词,表示与某物有关系:

Of,relatingto,orcharacterizedby

accidental偶然的;

classical古典的;

emotional情感的;

global全球的;

sensational引

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