英语构词法Word下载.docx
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dictionary,boundary
-ation:
examination,education,comparison,formation,
-cy:
accuracy,efficiency,privacy
-dom:
freedom,kingdom,wisdom,
-ee:
employee,interviewee,
-er:
teacher,worker,engineer,waiter
-or:
visitor,actor,director
-ess:
actress,waitress,goddess,
-hood:
childhood,neighborhood,motherhood
-ian:
magician,musician,historian,mathematician
-ing:
feeling,shopping,training,reading,sightseeing
-ion:
action,decision,collection,creation
-ism:
socialism,heroism,imperialism,feudalism
-ist:
capitalist,artist,scientist,racist,novelist,communist
-ity:
prosperity,equality,formality,majority
-ment:
arrangement,government,movement,management
-ness:
illness,sadness,weakness,happiness
-ry:
jewelry,slavery,bravery
-ship:
friendship,relationship,ownership,leadership
-ty:
loyalty,safety,cruelty
-ure:
failure,pleasure,pressure
-ware:
software,glassware,hardware
-work:
housework,schoolwork,paperwork
-y:
modesty,difficulty,discovery
2.构成名词的后缀
-graph:
photograph,paragraph
-ial:
denial,burial,memorial
-mate:
schoolmate,classmate,roommate
3.构成形容词的后缀:
-ful:
handful,careful,wonderful
-able:
valuable,comfortable,capable
cultural,national,logical,original
important,pleasant,ignorant
momentary,imaginary,legendary
-ate:
fortunate,passionate,
-ed;
excited,interested,amazed
-en:
woolen,wooden,golden.earthen
-ent:
different,dependent,existent,consistent
-ic:
realistic,poetic,historic,economic
-ical:
classical,economical,geographical
amusing,convincing,misleading
-ish:
childish,selfish,foolish
-ive:
active,effective,attractive,expensive
-less:
endless,homeless,useless,harmless
-like:
childlike,lifelike
-ly:
friendly,orderly,costly,leisurely
-ous:
courageous,furious,nervous,dangerous
-some:
handsome,lonesome,tiresome
-wide:
worldwide,nationwide,companywide
rainy,windy,dirty,muddy
4.构成副词的后缀:
clearly,really,finally,suddenly
-down:
headdown,facedown,palmdown
-ward(s):
westward,backward,forward
5.构成动词的后缀:
-ate:
activate,originate,motivate,
widen,sharpen,brighten,deepen
-ify:
simplify,purify,notify,justify
-ize:
apologize,emphasize,realize,criticize
英语常用前缀
a-not,without不,非,无
amoraladj.非道德的,与道德无关的asepticn.防腐剂;
adj.无菌的;
atheistn.无神论者;
【联想】immoraladj.不道德的,邪恶的
1.anti-opposite,opposing,against反抗,对立,反对
antisocialadj.不擅社交的,反社会的;
antithesisn.对立面;
antibioticn.抗生素adj.抗生的
2.auto-self,oneself自己的
autobiographyn.自传;
automatn.(美)自动售货机;
automaticadj.自动的,机械的;
autonomousadj.自主的;
autocratn.独裁者;
autographn.亲笔签名
3.be-tomake,cause,totakefrom使成为,促成
becalm使安静;
belovedadj.心爱的;
bewilderedadj.迷惑的,不知所措的;
belittlev.使渺小,轻视;
bedraggledadj.全身污泥的
4.bi-two,twice二,两次
bicyclen.z自行车;
bilateraladj.有两面的;
bigamyn.重婚;
bilingual双语的;
biennialadj.两年一次的;
bi-weeklyadj.两周一次的
5.bio-life,living生命,生物
biologyn.生物学;
biographyn.传记;
bio-systemn.生物系统;
antibioticsn.抗生素;
biosphere生物圈
6.cent-hundred一百
centuryn.世纪,百年;
percentn.百分比;
centigraden.摄氏度,百分度;
centenniala.百年纪念;
centipede蜈蚣(百足虫)
7.col-,together,with在一起com-,con-
collectv.聚集,集中;
collidev.碰撞,相撞;
colludev.勾结,共谋;
combinev.联合,使结合;
communicationn.交流,通讯;
companyn.陪伴,公司;
concurv.同时发生;
connectv.连接,联合;
contactv.接触;
联系
8.contra-against,inoppositionto反对,相反
contraryadj.相反的;
contradictv.与…矛盾,contravenev.违反;
contraceptionn.避孕
9.de-toreverse相反,
destructionn.破坏;
毁灭;
toremove除去
delouse驱除虱子;
defrost解冻,除霜;
deforestv.砍伐森林;
desaltv.除去盐分
tomakeless减少
devaluevt.贬值;
degradev.降级;
devaluev.贬值;
depressv.使沮丧;
使萧条
10.dis-opposite,negation相反,…的否定
disbelieve怀疑;
dismember肢解
11.en-,em-tocausetobe使成为
enlarge扩大;
放大;
tofurnishwith赋予
empower授权
12.ex-former从前的,
ex-husband前夫;
ex-wifen.前妻;
ex-presidentn.前任总统
outside,outof,awayfrom向外,脱离
exportv.出口;
excludev.排斥;
expelv.驱逐;
exposev.揭露;
exceedv.超越
13.extra-beyond,outside超出…的范围,在…之外
extraterrestrial地球外的;
extracurriculara.课外的;
extraordinarya.非凡的;
特别的;
extravaganta.浪费的;
过分的
14.fore-before预先的,提前的
forewarnv.预警;
foreseev.预见;
foreboden.预兆;
forecastv.预报;
front,frontpart在前的,前部的
forelegn.前肢;
forearmn.前臂;
foreheadn.前额
15.homo-similar,same,alike相似的,相同的
homophonen.同音字;
homosexuala.同性恋的;
homogeneousa.同类的,均匀的
16.hyper-above,over,beyond,extreme在…之上,过于,超出,极度
hyperactive过度活跃的;
hypersensitivea.非常敏感到;
hypercriticala.吹毛求疵的
17.in-not不,il-,im-,ir
incompletea.不完全的;
illogicala.不合逻辑的;
impossiblea.不可能的;
irresponsiblea.不负责任的
18.inter-between,among,inthemidst在…之间,在…中间
interplanetary行星间的;
internationala.国际的;
interactionn.互相影响;
intervenev.干涉;
干预;
interposev.放入;
介入
19.intro-within,into,in,inward在…里面,向内
introspectionn.内省;
反省;
introducev.引进,介绍;
intromitv.插入;
introvertn.性格内向的人
20.macro-large,long大的,长的
macrocosm宏观世界;
macroeconomicsn.宏观经济;
macroclimaten.大气候
21.mal-bad,badly坏的,不良的
malfunction故障;
malnutritionn.营养不良;
maltreatv.虐待;
malpracticen.玩忽职守
22.micro-verysmall微小的
microscopen.显微镜;
microwaven.微波;
microben.微生物;
microeconomicsn.微观经济学
23.mini-small,short小的,短小的
miniskirt超短裙;
minimumn.最小值;
miniaturen.缩影;
小画像;
minimala.最低限度的
24.mis-bad,badly错误的,不良的
mislead误导;
mistrust猜疑;
misfortunen.不幸;
misunderstandv.误解
25.mono-one,single一个,单独
monorail单轨铁路;
monopolyn.垄断;
monotonousa.单调的;
monomanian.偏执狂;
monogamyn.一夫一妻制
26.multi-many,several许多,多个
multipurpose多种用途的;
multiplea.多样的;
multiculturala.多种文化的;
multimedian.多媒体;
multituden.多数;
群众
27.non-not不
nonsmoker不吸烟的人;
nonexistenta.不存在的;
nonstopa.直达的;
nondescripta.没有特征的
28.out-beyond,exceeding,surpassing超过的,超越
outclass远胜过;
outlivev.比…长命;
outnumberv.数目超过;
outwitv.以智取胜
goout,awayfrom出去,离开
outlying题外的,偏僻的;
outlandisha.偏僻的,怪异的;
outlinen.轮廓;
大纲;
outbreakn.爆发;
outragen.暴行;
愤怒
29.over-above在…之上
overlord最高统治者,霸主overlapv.overcomev.overlookv.overwhelmv.
toomuch过多,过度
overwork过度工作,加班;
overcrowdeda.过度拥挤的;
overcorrecta.矫枉过正的;
overdosen.药物过量
30.post-after在…之后的
postwar战后的;
postscriptn.附言,附笔;
postponev.推迟;
posthumousa.死后的,遗腹的;
posteriora.较后的
31.pre-before在…之前的
premaritala.结婚前的;
previewv.预习;
precautionn.预防措施;
precedentn.先例;
predictv.预言
32.pro-for,onthesideof支持…的,赞成…的
pro-abortion赞成人工流产合法化的;
pro-West亲西方的
earlier,before,priorto先于…的
proceed进行,继续下去;
prohibitv.禁止,阻止;
proclaimv.宣布,声明;
proposev.提出,建议;
promotev.提升,促进
33.re-again再
rewrite重写,改写;
reconsider重新考虑;
remarry再婚;
reunite再结合
backward,back向后,后面
respond回答,相应restore恢复,归还;
restrain抑制,克制
34.semi-half一半
semicircle半圆形;
semiannual半年的;
semifinal半决赛;
semidivine半神的
partly部分的
semiconductorn.半导体;
semidarknessn.半明半暗;
semi-skilled半熟练的
35.sub-below,under在…下面的
subsoil下层土;
subway(美)地铁;
submarine潜水艇;
subtitle副标题,电影字幕
lessthan,incompletely次于,亚于,不完整的
subnormal低于正常的;
subhuman低于人类的;
substandard不合规格的
36.super-above,greater,superior,exceeding,more超过,超越,高于
superman超人;
superior出众的,较高的;
supersonic超音速的;
supernatural超自然的;
supervise监督;
管理
37.tele-overadistance远距离的
telescope望远镜;
telephoto远距摄影;
telephone电话;
telecommuter远程工作
38.trans-across横过,转变
transplant移植,迁移;
transport运输;
transfer迁移;
transmit传输,传送;
transparent透明的;
transpose调换;
颠倒顺序
39.tri-three三
tripod三角架;
triangle三角形;
tricycle三轮车;
tri-level三层的
40.un-not不,非
unhelpful无用的;
unfair不公平的;
uncertain不确定的;
unusual不寻常的;
unlucky不幸的
todotheopposite做相反的动作
untie解开;
undo松开,解开;
unlock开锁,开启;
uncover揭开,揭露;
unplug拔去插头
41.under-beneathorbelowinposition在之下
underground地下的,秘密的;
undergo经历,遭受;
underline加下划线,强调;
underclothes内衣;
underside下腹,下侧
lessindegree,rate,orquantitythannormalorproper不足
undersized不够大的;
underdeveloped不发达的;
under-financed资金匮乏的;
understatementn.保守的说法;
underestimatev.低估
42.uni-one一致的,统一的
unisexadj.男女通用的;
uniform统一的,一致的;
unique唯一的,独一无二的;
union联合;
联盟;
unify统一
常用后缀:
1.-able,-ible
与动词结合,构成形容词,表示某种可能性:
thatcanbe
acceptable可接受的;
comparable可比较的;
desirable令人要的;
noticeable值得注意的
与名词结合,构成形容词,表示具备某些品质:
havingthequalityof
comfortable舒适的;
fashionable时髦的;
honorable光荣的;
knowledgeable知识渊博的
2.–age
与动词、名词、形容词结合,构成新的名词,表示状态、行为、结果或关系:
state,action,resultorrelationship
blockage封锁;
coverage覆盖;
drainage排水;
marriage结婚;
shortage缺乏
3.–al
与名词结合,构成形容词,表示与某物有关系:
Of,relatingto,orcharacterizedby
accidental偶然的;
classical古典的;
emotional情感的;
global全球的;
sensational引