定语从句完整+练习文档格式.docx
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关系副词有:
when
(先行词为时间),
where
(先行词为地点),
why
(先行词为原因)
关系副词=
介词+
/
whom
定语从句分为两种:
限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;
有逗号隔开则为非限制性。
非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as
引导。
1)that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况:
①先行词由最高级修饰时,如thebestworkthatIcando。
②先行词由序数词修饰时,如thesecondbookthatIbought。
③先行词由thelast,theonly,thesame,thevery等修饰时。
④先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,little,much,nobody,nothing等时,如anythingthathedoes;
allthatIcandonow等。
⑤先行词有any,no,all等限定词时,如allthewordsthatI’velearned。
⑥先行词为词组,该词组既含人又含物时,如thecityandthepeoplethatIvisited。
只用which的情况:
①在非限定性定语从句中(定语从句前有逗号)。
②介词后。
请看that和which的使用例句:
It’sthebestfilmiseverbeenmadeonthesubjectofmadness.这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。
ShakespeareisthegreatestpoetEnglandhaseverhad.莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。
Takethefirstopportunityoffers.抓住第一个出现的机会。
Heisthelastpersononewouldsuspect.人们最不可能怀疑他。
Manistheonlycreatureisgiftedwithspeech.只有人类具有语言的天赋。
Afoolseesnotthesametreeawisemansees.一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。
Thoseweretheverywordshesaidatthemeeting.这些就是他在会上说的原话。
Allglittersisnotgold.闪光的并不都是金子。
Anythingyouhavetosayhadbetterbesaidineachother’spresence.有话最好当面说。
There’sstillmuchtistobedone.仍然有很多事要做。
Ihavechangedmymind.Nothingyousaywillchangeit.我已经改变了主意,无论你说什么也无法改变它。
Nobodywastherecouldconvinceherofhermistake.这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。
Everypaperyoureadgivesthesamestory.你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。
Istillcan’tforgettheplacesandthepeopleIvisitedduringlastsummervacation.我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。
2)关系代词(that,which,who,whom等)和关系副词(when,where等)的用法区别
①关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
②分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。
看如下对比例句:
①Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。
(worked是不及物动词,不接宾语,所以不用which/that。
where相当于inthefactory)
Thisisthefactorywhich/thatmyfatheronceworkedin.(workedin的宾语是factory,故用关系代词which/that)
②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentinthewoodnearourvillage.我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。
(thedays是spent的宾语)
IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentmyholidayswithmygrandparents.我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。
(spent的宾语是holidays,不是thedays)
IwillneverforgetthesmallvillagewhereIspentmyholidays.我忘不了我度假的小村庄。
(与上句一样,spent的宾语是myholidays)
③Isthistheschoolwhich/thatyouvisitedtheotherday?
这是你几天前参观过的学校吗?
(theschool作visited的宾语)
Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedyourteachertheotherday?
这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗?
(visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语yourteacher,所以不用that/which)
3)whose的用法
whose是关系限定词,既可以指人也可以指物,即既可以说“某人的”,也可以说“某物的”。
?
Fortuneneverhelpsthemanwhosecouragefails.运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。
Haveyounoticedthehousewhosewindowsareclosednow?
你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗?
He’swrittenabookwhosenameIhavecompletelyforgotten.他写了一本书,书名我完全忘记了。
注:
在正式文体中,指物时,whose往往用ofwhich表示。
ofwhich可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后,而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如:
Thehousewhosewindows/ofwhichthewindows/thewindowsofwhicharebrokenisunoccupied.(那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。
)
whose前有时有介词。
Theteacherinwhoseclassmydaughterisstudyingisakindheartedman.我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。
4)whom的用法
只有作定语从句中的宾语时才能用whom;
介词后用whom不用who。
口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。
Mybrother,whomyoumettheotherday,hasgoneabroad.前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟,出国去了。
Youhavemanypeoplearoundyouwhoarekindtoyoubutwhomyouwillsoonforget.你周围有许多对你好的人,但你都会很快忘记他们。
Therecamealotofchildren,mostofwhomIdidn’tknow.来了许多孩子,大多数我都不认识。
7)介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候,有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面,这样就产生了“介词+关系代词”及“名词或代词+介词+which/whom”或“复合介词+which/whom”等的结构。
Iknowthemantowhomyoutalkedjustnow.我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。
Lifeisaflowerofwhichloveishoney.人生是花朵,爱情是花蜜。
Hewaseducatedatthelocalgrammarschool,afterwhichhewentontoCambridge.当在当地的一所中学上学,此后就去上了剑桥大学。
5)theway后的定语从句
Theway后的定语从句用inwhich引导,inwhich可以用that代替,而that又可以省略。
所以,表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式:
1.thewayinwhichsomebodydoessomething2.thewaythatsomebodydoessomething3.thewaysomebodydoessomething.
6)as用法
关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。
(1)as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句,as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。
as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾;
as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。
(2)用于as…as,thesame…as,so…as,such…as等结构中。
as用法的第一种情况:
Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳旋转。
HemustbeanAfrican,asmaybeseenfromthecolourofhisskin.他准是个非洲人,这可以从他的肤色看得出来。
Ifhecomeslate,asisusual,foranothertime,we’llnotreceivehim.如果他再一次像以往那样迟到,我们就不接待他了。
Sheisafinesinger,ashermotherusedtobe.她是个很出色的歌唱家,像她的母亲当年一样。
Asyouwillfindout,allisnowsettled.你会发现,现在一切都解决了。
Helenissomewhatcrazy,aseveryonecouldsee.海伦有些神经错乱,这种情况每个人都看得出。
注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法相似,但as引导的定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“(正)像……、(正)如……”及类似的意思。
一般说来,当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时,which和as可交替使用;
当关系代词在从句中作一般动词(非be动词)的主语时,只能用which;
as可置于句首、句中,而which则不能。
Hewaslateforschool,as/whichwasusualwithhim.他上学迟到了,他经常这样。
Hesawthegirl,as/whichhehadhoped(hewould).他见到了那位姑娘姑娘,正像他希望的那样。
Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.他见到了那位姑娘,这使得他很开心。
(句中的which不能用as代替,因为从句中的delighted是非be动词)
Ashasbeensaidbefore,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.正如上面所说的那样,语法不是一套死的规则。
(句中的As不能用Which代替,因为此定语从句置于句首)
as用法的第二种情况:
There’sasgoodfishintheseaasevercameoutofit.海里有的是鱼;
天涯处处有芳草。
Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.这是一块没人能搬动的大石头。
Hermannerandattitudetowardhimwerequitethesameastheyhadalwaysbeen.她对他的举止和态度和往常是完全相同的。
Hedoesnotpossesssuchamindasisnecessarytoascientist.他缺乏科学家所必须具备的头脑。
Suchfoodastheygaveuswasscarcelyfittoeat.他们给我们的食物很不适合吃。
一.单选:
1.A
football
fan
_____
has
strong
interest
in
football.
A.
B.
who
C.
person
D.
what
house,
was
destroyed
terrible
fire,
been
repaired.
whose
roof
its
Can
you
lend
me
novel
other
day?
talked
about
it
D.
4.
matter
were
arguing
last
night
settled.
B.
C.
for
5.
They
an
hour
of
things
persons
they
remembered
school.
6.
Who
common
sense(常识)will
do
such
thing?
7.
All
apples
fell
down
eaten
by
pigs.
those
8.
asked
him
to
tell
them
everything
he
saw
at
front.
9.
I’ll
told
night.
all
10.
child
parents
have
died
called
orphan.
who’sC.
11.
Is
this
museum
visited
ThatB.
one
12.
some
German
friends
Wednesday?
13.
—How
like
book?
—It’s
quite
different
from
I
read
month.
WhichC.
14.
reason
are
favor
proposal?
15.
train
she
traveling
late.
on
16.
He
lost
key
drawer
papers
kept.
under
17.
Antarctic
we
know
very
little
covered
with
thick
ice
year
round.
18.
arrived
time,
______,
his
opinion,
rather
inappropriate
them.
19.
often
helps
students
thinks
not
quick
their
studies.
because
20.
Second
World
War
millions
people
killed
ended
1945.
during
thatC.
Which
21.
born
Anti-Japanese
broke
out.
22.
Mr.
Crossett
will
never
forget
day
spent
various
students.
23.
This
just
place
am
looking
forward
visiting
these
years.
24.
We
going
spend
Spring
Festival
Guangzhou,
live
my
grandparents.
25.
hotel
our
holidays
stands
seaside.
stayed
stayed
26.
bought
same
dress
wearing.
than
27.
fool
_____.
such/as
looked
looks
as/as
lookedD.
so/as
28.
time
______
given
us
too
limited.
must
hurry
up.
29.
Some
roads
flooded,
made
journey
more
difficult.
30.
be
Africa,
seen
skin.
31.
two
sons,
work
chemists.
both
32.
buses,
already
full,
surrounded
angry
crowd.A.
most