土木工程材料课程论文Word文件下载.docx

土木工程材料课程论文Word文件下载.docx

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Contents

Abstract2

1.Introduction2

1.1TheimportanceoftheExploitationofmarine2

1.2ResearchMethods3

2.TheMarineEnvironment3

2.1theseawater’stemperature3

2.2Thesalinityofthesea3

2.3Seawater’smoving4

2.4Marineorganisms4

2.5Seawaterpollutions5

2.6Oceanacidification5

3.offshoreengineeringnowadays5

3.1Theseacity5

3.2theSeaAirport6

4.Problemstobesolved6

4.1Generaleffect6

4.1.1marineerosion’seffecttomaterials6

4.1.2Impermeabilityofmaterial7

4.1.3metalscorrosion7

4.1.3.1electrochemicalcorrosion8

4.1.3.2Microbialcorrosion8

4.1.3.3Protectionthematerialsfromcorrosion9

4.1.3.3.1Platingandtheapplicationofenamel9

4.1.3.3.2Corrosioninhibitors9

4.1.3.3.3Anodizing10

4.2TheMarineDisasters10

4.2.1kindsofTheMarineDisasters10

4.2.2measurestoforeseeMarineDisasters11

5.Aboutthefuture11

5.1inthefuture11

5.1.1Abouttheconcrete11

5.1.2Repairmaterials12

5.1.3component’sIndustrialproduction12

5.2Inthefarfuture13

5.3Intheveryfarfuture15

6.Damagetothemarineenvironment17

7.Conclusion17

Acknowledgment:

18

Reference18

Abstract

Theoceanisthehopeofthe21stcentury,sotheMarineengineeringconstructionwillbenecessaryinthefuture,Constructiondependsonthematerialusedandtheconformationdesigned.Butthenewconformationneedthematerialstosupport,sothematerialisveryimportantintheMarineengineeringconstruction.UnderthehelpoftheinternetandthelibraryofSoutheastUniversity,IanalyzedtheThemainfactorsintheseawhichaffecttheabilityofmaterialsindetailandbringforwardsomesolutionstothoseproblembyThecurrentscienceandtechnologyandputforwardsomekindofmaterialsmaybeexistinthefuture（inmyimaginary）

Keywords:

material,marine,future

1.Introduction

1.1TheimportanceoftheExploitationofmarine

Theoceanisthehopeofthe21stcentury

Intheonehand,bythedevelopmentofscienceandsocialprogress,themarinewillbeatremendoustreasureforhumanbeinginthefuture.TostrengthenthedevelopmentandutilizationofwaterresourcesoftheseaisthemainlymeasurewhichcanreducetheFreshwaterCrisis;

what’smore,theseawaterisnotonlythevaluablewaterresources,butalsocontainingalotofchemicalresourcessuchaspetroleum,naturegas,coal,placer,flammableiceandsoon.

Ontheotherhand,bythescientistsforecasting,Ineachdoublingofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,Theaveragetemperatureallaroundtheworldwillriseby1.5~4.5℃,andthetemperaturearoundThepolarregionswillrisebynearly3timesoftheaveragevalue.Oncethetemperaturerising,thepolaricecoverwillbedecreasing,whichcausetheSea-levelriseintheend.ofcauseitisexpectedtohaveanumberofimpacts,particularlyoncoastalsystems.[1]Suchimpactsmayincludeincreasedcoastalerosion,increasedlossofpropertyandcoastalhabitats,increasedfloodriskandpotentiallossoflife,impactsonagricultureandaquaculturethroughdeclineinsoilandwaterquality,andlossoftourism,recreation,andsoon.

WiththecontinuousdevelopmentoftheoceansandthechangingofMarineEnvironment,theMarineengineeringconstruction’spositionwillbecomingmoreandmoreimportant,andaseriesofEngineeringMaterialsissuescausedbyitneedbetakenintoearnestconsiderationbyus.

1.2ResearchMethods

TheresearchmethodsIadoptedislookfortheinformationfromtheinternetandthelibraryoftheSoutheastUniversity,discusswithroommateandwonderbymyself.theopinionofthechapterof"

theveryfarfuture"

istotallyimaginedbymyself,whichmaybeincredibleandstrangetoyou.Sodon’tbesoseriousaboutit.

2.TheMarineEnvironment

theMarineEnvironmentisverycomplex,therearemanyfactsthatcanaffecttheabilityofthematerials,suchastemperature,salinity,water’smovingandsoon.Inordertosolvetheproblemaboutthemasdd,weneedtoknowthefacts

2.1theseawater’stemperature

Theverticalstructureoftheseawater’stemperaturecanbedividedintothreebasiclayers,asurfacemixedlayer,wheregradientsarelow（about100munderthesurfaceoftheocean）,athermoclinewheregradientsarehigh,andapoorlystratifiedabyss.[2]

AlthoughthattheGreenhouseeffectwillinfluencethetemperatureoftheseawater,Idon'

tthinkthattheseveralcentigrade’schangewilleffecttheworkabilityofmaterialssomuch.

2.2Thesalinityofthesea

Thesalinityofthesea:

Thesalinityofabodyofwatervarieswithevaporationfromitssurface（increasedbyhightemperatures,windandwavemotion）,precipitation,thefreezingormeltingofseaice,themeltingofglaciers,theinfluxoffreshriverwater,andthemixingofbodiesofwaterofdifferentsalinities.[3]

Majorsolutesinseawater（3.5%salinity）[4]

Solute

Concentration（‰）

%oftotalsalts

Chloride

19.3

55

Sodium

10.8

30.6

Sulphate

2.7

7.7

Magnesium

1.3

3.7

Calcium

0.41

1.2

Potassium

0.40

1.1

Bicarbonate

0.10

0.4

Bromide

0.07

0.2

Carbonate

0.01

0.05

Strontium

0.04

Borate

Fluoride

0.001

<

0.01

Allothersolutes

0.001

Asthedataabove,therearemanykindsofSoluteinthesea,liketheChlorideandMagnesium,whichwillcorrodethesteel,andhaveabadinfluenceontheworkabilityofthestructure

2.3Seawater’smoving

ThereareKelvinWaves,Kelvinwaves,Tides,andmanykindsofOceancurrentinthesea.ThewaveswillcausemarineerosionandTideswillcausetheAlternatingbetweenwetanddry,andtheOceancurrentwillalsohaveinfluenceonthestructure

2.4Marineorganisms

Cyanobacteriacanoccurasplanktoniccellsorformphototrophicbiofilms.Theyarefoundinalmosteveryendolithicecosystem[5],theycanproduceoxygenasagasasaby-productofphotosynthesis,cyanobacteriaarethoughttohaveconvertedtheearlyreducingatmosphereintoanoxidizingone,sothereareplentyofoxygenabovenearbythecyanobacteria.Ifthereareconstructnearby,theWaveerosionzoneoftheconstructwillbeerodemoreserious.

Andwhattheseaenvironmentwillbelikeinthefuture?

2.5Seawaterpollutions

Mostwaterpollutantsareeventuallycarriedbyriversintotheoceans,anditalsocausedbymen’sactiononthesea（suchasShipsdumprubbish,oiltanker’sleaking,thedevelopingofmineralundertheoceans）.thepollutedwaterbepollutedintotheseawithoutthinking,anditisoutofthebearingoftheocean,itleadpollutingtosomeplaceofthesea）

2.6Oceanacidification

OceanacidificationisthenamegiventotheongoingdecreaseinthepHoftheEarth'

soceans,causedbytheuptakeofcarbondioxide（CO2）fromtheatmosphere.Between1751and1994surfaceoceanpHisestimatedtohavedecreasedfromapproximately8.25to8.14[6],representinganincreaseofalmost30%inH+ionconcentrationintheworld'

soceans.

3.offshoreengineeringnowadays

Let’sanalyzetheoffshoreengineeringnowadays

theoffshoreengineeringnowadayshavebeendevelopedquicklysinceMid-20thcentury.ItmainlycontaintheOffshoreplatformsandman-madeislandabovetheShallowwatersofthecontinentalshelf,andtheconstructsamongtheDeepwatersofthecontinentalshelfsuchasPontoonplatform,mobilesemi-submersibleunit,self-elevatingunit,andakindofplatformsusedtoexploreandproductOilandgasandsoon.

MarineengineeringconstructionisrefertotheBuildingconstructionandpreparationactivitiesusedtorealizetheMarineProduction,Marinetraffic,Marineentertainment,Marineprotectionandsoon,whichcontainHarborconstruction,Coastalstationbuilding,coastalembankmentconstruction,marinetunnels,bridgesbuildings,Subseapipelinesandequipmentinstallationlineandsoon

ImainlytalkabouttwokindoftheMarineengineeringconstruction:

theseacityandtheseaairport

3.1Theseacity

TheseacityisrefertotheLargelivingareasetabovetheseawhichcontainnewcityfunction、newTransportsystem,andholdseveraltenthousandpeople.ThelargestMaritimeCityistheArtificialislandinKobe,Japan（日本神户人工岛）.KobeartificialislandlocatedaboutthreekilometerssouthofKobe,Hyogo,Japansea,rectangular,somethingwideand3kmlong2.1kmfromnorthtosouthand14kilometers,withatotalareaof4.36squarekilometers.thereareResidentsontheArtificialislandof20,000people,allkindsoffacilities,internationalrestaurants,hotels,shops,museums,swimmingpoolsontheisland,hospitals,schoolsandthreeparks,aswellasleavethecasinoand6000residentialunits.Kobeartificialislandwastheworld'

slargestman-madeseacity,enjoythenameof"

twenty-firstcenturycityonthesea"

.[7]

3.2theSeaAirport

theSeaAirportrefertoaairportwhichbuildingAircrafttakingoffandlandingrunwaysontheFixedoffshorestructuresorFloatingstructures.KansaIInternationalAirportisthefirstairporttobebuiltcompletelyonanartificialislandin1994,whichhavetobuiltonanartificialislandbecausemanyofitsneighborshadfiledcomplaintsaboutthenoisepollutionproblems.theartificialisland,4km（2.5mi）longand2.5km（1.6mi）wide,wasproposed.Engineersneededtoovercometheextremelyhighrisksofearthquakesandtyphoons.itmadeofalotofhugesteelboxwhichbejointedinmanySteelfloatingbodieswhichareSemi-submersibleinwater,thehugesteelboxesisAbovesealevelastheairport,andmooringatseaWithanchor.

4.Problemstobe