工商银行校园招聘 英语部分专项练习二Word格式.docx
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Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromselling,thuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithoutthesocalleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1return,itisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower—thatis,“money”—toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.
Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarⅡ,5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecause,despiteinflationaryconditions,pricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmerican,French,andBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman“economicmiracle”justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities,9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols,11permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.
13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment—thisisthe“15ofexchange”functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpower,inwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchase,orfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe“asset”functionofmoney.
1.[A]on[B]in[C]by[D]for
2.[A]capable[B]likely[C]desirable[D]willing
3.[A]excess[B]extra[C]surplus[D]ample
4.[A]dramatically[B]urgently[C]faithfully[D]incidentally
5.[A]when[B]before[C]since[D]until
6.[A]developed[B]reserved[C]rendered[D]imagined
7.[A]encouraged[B]enlarged[C]endured[D]enforced
8.[A]conform[B]resort[C]commit[D]gear
9.[A]and[B]but[C]therefore[D]however
10.[A]deprivation[B]stimulation[C]elimination[D]restriction
11.[A]thereby[B]therefore[C]then[D]while
12.[A]alternate[B]establish[C]substitute[D]replace
13.[A]Introduction[B]Specification[C]Representation[D]Separation
14.[A]assumes[B]requires[C]focuses[D]undertakes
15.[A]medium[B]function[C]role[D]nature
16.[A]fashionable[B]favorable[C]temporary[D]token
17.[A]both[B]for[C]between[D]after
18.[A]consequent[B]relevant[C]inadequate[D]subsequent
19.[A]execute[B]extract[C]exceed[D]exchange
20.[A]for[B]off[C]back[D]in
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswers.
Text1
Tworelatedparadoxesalsoemergefromthesamebasicconceptionoftheaestheticexperience.ThefirstwasgivenextendedconsiderationbyHegel,whoarguedroughlyasfollows:
oursensuousattentionandthatgivestotheworkofartitspeculiarindividuality.Becauseitaddressesitselftooursensoryappreciation,theworkofartisessentiallyconcrete,tobeunderstoodbyanactofperceptionratherthanbyaprocessofdiscursivethought.
Atthesametime,ourunderstandingoftheworkofartisinpartintellectual;
weseekinitaconceptualcontent,whichitpresentstousintheformofanidea.Onepurposeofcriticalinterpretationistoexpoundthisideaindiscursiveform—togivetheequivalentofthecontentoftheworkofartinanother,nonsensuousidiom.Butcriticismcanneversucceedinthistask,for,byseparatingthecontentfromtheparticularform,itabolishesitsindividuality.Thecontentpresentedthenceasestobetheexactcontentofthatworkofart.Inlosingitsindividuality,thecontentlosesitsaestheticreality;
itthusceasestobeareasonforattendingtotheparticularworkandthatfirstattractedourcriticalattention.Itcannotbethisthatwesawintheoriginalworkandthatexplaineditspoweroverus.
Forthiscontent,displayedinthediscursiveidiomofthecriticalintellect,isnomorethanahusk,adiscardedrelicofameaningthateludedusintheactofseizingit.Ifthecontentistobethetrueobjectofaestheticinterest,itmustremainweddedtoitsindividuality:
itcannotbedetachedfromits“sensuousembodiment”withoutbeingdetachedfromitself.Contentis,therefore,inseparablefromformandforminturninseparablefromcontent.(Itistheformthatitisonlybyvirtueofthecontentthatitembodies.)
Hegel’sargumentisthearchetypeofmany,allaimedatshowingthatitisbothnecessarytodistinguishformfromcontentandalsoimpossibletodoso.Thisparadoxmayberesolvedbyrejectingeitherofitspremises,but,aswithKant’santinomy,neitherpremiseseemsdispensable.Tosupposethatcontentandformareinseparableis,ineffect,todismissbothideasasillusory,sincenotwoworksofartcanthenshareeitheracontentoraform-theformbeingdefinitiveofeachwork’sindividuality.
Inthiscase,noonecouldeverjustifyhisinterestinaworkofartbyreferencetoitsmeaning.Theintensityofaestheticinterestbecomesapuzzling,andultimatelyinexplicable,featureofourmentallife.If,ontheotherhand,weinsistthatcontentandformareseparable,weshallneverbeabletofind,throughastudyofcontent,thereasonforattendingtotheparticularworkofartthatintriguesus.Everyworkofartstandsproxyforitsparaphrase.Animpassablegapthenopensbetweenaestheticexperienceanditsground,andtheclaimthataestheticexperienceisintrinsicallyvaluableisthrownindoubt.
21.Hegelarguedthat.
[A]itisoursensuousappreciationthatgivespeculiarindividualitytotheworkofart
[B]itisthecontentoftheworkofartthatholdsourattention
[C]theworkofartcannotbeunderstoodwithoutaprocessoflogicalthinking
[D]theformoftheworkofartiswhatoursensuousappreciationconcentrateson
22.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat.
[A]theparadoxthatitisbothnecessarytodistinguishformcontentandalsoimpossibletodosocannotberesolvedbyrejectingitspremises
[B]bothcontentandformoftheworkofartareillusory
[C]thecontentandformoftheworkofartareseparable
[D]aestheticexperienceisnotintrinsicallyvaluable
23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTwhatHegelbelieved?
[A]Thecontentandformoftheworkofartcannotbeseparatedfromeachother.
[B]Thecontentoftheworkofartisalwaysthetrueobjectofaestheticinterest.
[C]Thecontentpresentedwithoutanyindividualityisnotthecontentoftheworkofart.
[D]Thecontentunderstoodbymeansofaprocessofdiscursivethoughtisnomorethanahusk.
24.Premisesthatarerelatedtoeachotherseemstobedispensablebecause.
[A]Kantthinkstheyareindispensable
[B]eitherofthemcanresolvetheparadox
[C]thepremisesareseparated
[D]thepremisescanaccountforthetheory
25.Thispassageismainlyabout.
[A]thesensuousappreciationofart
[B]thebasicconceptionoftheaestheticexperience
[C]howtoappreciatetheworkofart
[D]therelationshipbetweenformandcontentoftheworkofart
Text2
Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketinwhichdealersinbills,notes,andotherformsofshorttermcreditcanbuyandsell.The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshorttermcredit.Theneedforsuchfacilitiesarisesinmuchthesamewaythatasimilarneeddoesinconnectionwiththedistributionofanyoftheproductsofadiversifiedeconomytotheirfinalusersattheretaillevel.Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers,hemusthaveactivecontactswithotherswhospecializeinmakingorhandlingbulkquantitiesofwhateverishisstockintrade.Themoneymarketismadeupofspecializedfacilitiesofexactlythiskind.Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices—commercialbanks,savingsinstitutions,investmenthouses,lendingagencies,andevengovernments—todotheirjob.Ithaslittleifanycontactwiththeindividualsorfirmswhomaintainaccountswiththesevariousretailersorpurchasetheirsecuritiesorborrowfromthem.
Theelementalfunctionsofamoneymarketmustbeperformedinanykindofmoderneconomy,evenonethatislargelyplannedorsocialist,butthearrangementsinsocialistcountriesdonotordinarilytaketheformofamarket.Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.Thegeneraldistinguishingfeatureofamoneymarketisthatitreliesuponopencompetitionamongthosewhoarebulksuppliersoffundsatanyparticulartimeandamongthoseseekingbulkfunds,toworkoutthebestpracticabledistributionoftheexistingtotalvolumeofsuchfunds.
Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.Thecharacteristicsofthesemiddlemen,theservicestheyperform,andtheirrelationshiptootherpartsofthefinancialvarywidelyfromcountrytocountry.Inmanycountriesthereisnosinglemeetingplacewherethemiddlemengettogether,yetinmostcountri