届高三英语 阅读专题 主旨大意题教案Word文档格式.docx
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(5).Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?
(6).Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
(7)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?
(8)Thepurposeofthispassageis.
(9).Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?
(10)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthepassage?
(11)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.
解题技巧
一.怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意——主题句定位法主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况:
开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。
因此,仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。
做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming),浏览时,一般不需逐句细读,只选读文章的首段、尾段,或每段的首句和尾句,重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
1.中心主题句出现在文首。
开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
(先提出观点,后举例论证)
例题:
(2008年全国高考—重庆卷E篇)
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;
thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;
thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
…
71.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.
B.Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.
C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.
2.主题句出现在文尾。
在细节后,归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果,以概括主题。
(细节表述的句子在前,概括性的句子居后)
例题2:
OntheInternet,wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.What’smore,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet,wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.
1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.KeepawayfromtheInternet.
B.Surfthenet.
C.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.
D.WecanentertainourselvesontheInternet.
3.主题句出现在文首和文尾,首尾呼应。
(为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题)
Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.
Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.
TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.
AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.HowtoPlayLacrosse
B.LacrosseinCanada
C.TheHistoryofLacrosse
D.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada
4.主题句出现在文章的中间。
通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
(2008年全国高考—江苏卷C篇)
TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedateseachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetterattendedbylocals.
Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowinganother,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntoshowofftheirwonderfultraditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:
theirlong,dark,shinyhairisthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.
67.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_______.
A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestival
B.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestival
C.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestival
D.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestival
5.中心主题隐含在全文之中,没有明确的主题句。
根据文章的细节来分析,概括出段落的主题,从而推导出文章的主旨。
(先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,然后加以归纳形成主题。
该类型的试题则迎刃而解)
例题1:
(2008年全国高考—安徽卷C篇)
Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.
DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?
No.SometimestheChineseabroadreachouttheirhandstoooftentobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmeananythingtohimor-her.Evenif,forpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,justtouchitslightly.Thereisgenerallyamisunderstanding(误解)amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusuallyopenandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved(保守的)inmanner.ButinfactsomepeopleinwesterncountriesmorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronlywhenheshowsinterestinfurtherrelationswithyou.
65.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus______.
A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpractised
B.howhandshakingcameabout
C.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtrade
D.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChina
67.Themainpurposeofthetextis______.
A.totellussomedifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWest
B.toofferussomeimportantfactsabouthandshaking
C.tointroduceustosomedifferentcustomsintheWest
D.togiveussomeadvicebeforewetravelabroad
(2008年全国高考—山东卷A篇)
LastAugust,JoeandMaryMahoneybeganlookingatcollegesfortheir17-year-olddaughter,Maureen.Withachecklistofcriteriainhand,theDallasfamilylookedaroundthecountryvisitinghalfadozenschools.Theysoughtauniversitythatofferedtheteenager’sintendedmajor,onelocatedneatalargecity,andacampuswheretheirdaughterwouldbesafe.
“Thesafetyissueisabigone,”saysJoeMahoney,whoquicklydiscoveredhewasn’taloneinhisworries.Oncampustoursotherparentsvoicedsimilarconcerns,andthesamequestionwasalwaysasked:
whataboutcrime?
Butwhencollegeofficialsalwaysgavethesameanswer——“That’snotaproblemhere,”——Mahoneybegantofeeluneasy.
“Nocrimewhatsoever?
”commentsMahoneytoday.“Ijustdon’tbuyit.”Norseriouscrimesonoraroundourcampuses.“Parentsneedtounderstandthattimeshavechangedsincetheywenttocollege,”saysDavidNichols,authorofCreatingaSafeCampus.“Campuscrimemirrorstherestofthenation.”
Butgettingaccurateinformationisn’teasy.Collegesmustreportcrimestatistics(统计数字)bylaw,butsomeholdbackforfearofbadpublicity,leavingthehonestoneslookingdangerous.“Thetruthmaynotalwaysbeserious,”warmsS.DanielCarterofSecurityonCampus,Inc.,thenation’sleadingcampussafetywatchdoggroup.
Tohelpconcernedparents,Carterpromisedtovisitcampusesandtalktoexpertsaroundthecountrytofindoutmajorcrimeissuesandeffectivesolutions.
60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.ExactcampuscrimestatisticsB.Crimesonoraroundcampuses
C.EffectivesolutionstocampuscrimeD.Concernsaboutkids’campussafety
二.怎样选择或拟定文章的标题-----先弄清文章的主旨大意,再定标题。
要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。
一般要求能覆盖全文内容,体现文章主旨。
要避免下列三种情况:
1概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小);
2过度概括(多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥);
3以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
(2008年全国高考—江西卷A篇)
Hewishestheholidayseasonwouldendalready.Hisbackaches,hisredsuitfeelslikeaspacesuit,hischeekshavegonetightfromsmilingfor12hours…
Thequestionsfromchildrenthesedaysareharderthanever.Now,withthousandsofchildrenexpectingafatherormotherservinginIraqorAfghanistan,thequestionsareasheart-breakingastheyareunanswerable.Forexample,“CanyoupleasebringDaddyhomefromthewarintimeforChristmasmorning?
”
Santasalsohaveaprettygoodchanceofgettingsued(指控)…
59.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Christmas:
NotaGoodFestivalforSantasB.IsSantaClausReallyAlive?
C.AChristmasStoryD.WhatDoesSantaClausDoforChildren?
(2008年全国卷IIIA篇)
Everyyearonmybirthday,fromthetimeIturned12,awhitegardeniawasdeliveredtomyhouse.NocardcamewithitCallstotheflower-shopwerenothelpfulatall.AfterawhileIstoppedtryingtodiscoverthesender’snameandjustdelightedinthebeautifulwhiteflo