1999年英语专业四级真题和答案详解文档格式.docx

1999年英语专业四级真题和答案详解文档格式.docx

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Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEnglandwhichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhaveonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobest;

generalhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsortheirownschool.Iftherewasateachertheyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork;

withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.

Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenparentsreferredtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbesttheycan.

Manyshort-staychild-patientscatchupquickly.Butschoolsdoverylittletoeasetheanxietyaboutfallingbehindexpressedbymanyofthechildreninterviewed.

66．Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat___.

A. 

everychildinhospitalreceivessometeaching

B. 

notenoughisknownabouthospitalteaching

C. 

hospitalteachingisofpoorquality

D. 

thespecialchildren’shospitalsareworstoff

67. 

Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat___.

A.hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilar

eachhospitalhasatleastonepart-timeteacher

C.allhospitalssurveyedoffereducationtochildren

D.onlyone-fourthofthehospitalshavefull-timeteachers

68. 

Childreninhospitalusual1yturnto___inordertocatchupwith 

theirschoolwork.

hospitalteachers 

B. 

schoolmatesC. 

parents 

D. 

schoolteachers

69. 

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthoris___.

unfavourabletowardschildrenreceivingeducationinhospitals

infavourofthepresentstateofteachinginhospitals

unsatisfiedwiththepresentstateofhospitalteaching

satisfiedwiththeresultsofthelatestsurvey

TEXTB

Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopletobecome“computer-literate”,inotherwords,tolearntounderstandcomputersandwhatmakesthemtick.Notallexpertsagree,however,thatisagoodidea.

Onepioneer,inparticular.whodisagreesisDavidTebbutt,thefounderofComputertownUK.Althoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertothecomputer,Daviddoesnotseeitthatway.HesaysthatComputertownUKwasformedforjusttheoppositereason,tobringcomputerstothepeopleandmakethem“people-literate”.

DavidfirstgottheideawhenhevisitedoneofAmerica’sbest-knowncomputer“guru”figure,BobAlbrecht，inthesmalluniversitytownofPaloAltoinNorthernCalifornia.AlbrechthadstartedaprojectcalledComputertownUSAinthelocallibrary,andthelocalchildrenusedtocallroundeveryWednesdaytoborrowsometimeonthecomputersthere,insteadofborrowinglibrarybooks.Albrechtwasalwaysonhandtoansweranyquestionsandtohelpthechildrendiscoveraboutcomputersintheirownway.

Overhere,inBritain，Computertownshavetakenoffinabigway，andtherearenowabout40scatteredoverthecountry.DavidTebbuttthinkstheyaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclub.Heinsiststhereisavastandimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo,althoughtheycomplementeachother.Theclubscaterfortheenthusiasts,withsomecomputerknowledgealready,whogettogetherarideventuallyformanexpertcomputergroup.Thisfrightensawaynon-experts,whoarehappiergoingtoComputertownswheretherearecomputersavailableforthemtoexperimenton,withexpertsavailabletoencouragethemandansweranyquestions;

theyarenottoldwhattodo,theyfindout.

DavidTehbuttfindsitinterestingtoseethetwodifferentapproachesworkingsidebyside.Thecomputerexpertshavetolearnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputers,buthavetobeabletoexplaintheanswerstothequestionsthatpeoplereallywanttoknow.InsomeComputertownstherearequestionsessions,ratherlikeradiophone-ins,wheretheexpertslistentoalotofquestionsandthentrytoworkoutsomestructuretoanswerthem.Peoplearenothavingtolearncomputerjargons,buttheexpertsarehavingtotranslatecomputermysteriesintoeasilyunderstoodterms;

thecomputersarebecoming“people-literate”.

70. 

AccordingtoDavidTebbutt,thepurposeofComputertownUKisto___

trainpeopletounderstandhowcomputerswork

makemorecomputersavailabletopeople

enablemorepeopletofixcomputersthemselves

helppeoplefindoutmoreaboutcomputers

71. 

WeLearnfromthepassagethatComputertownUSAwasa___.

A.town 

project 

C. 

library 

school

72. 

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

ComputertownsintheUKhavebecomepopular.

Computertownsandclubscaterfordifferentpeople.

Computertownsaremoresuccessfulthanclubs.

It’sbetterthatcomputertownsandclubsworktogether.

73. 

WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofcomputertowns?

Expertsgivelecturesandtalksoncomputers.

Expertsareonhandtoanswerpeople’squestions.

C.Peoplearelefttodiscovercomputersontheirown.

Therearecomputersaroundforpeopletopractiseon.

TEXTC

Theremustbefewquestionsonwhichresponsibleopinionissoutterlydividedasonthatofhowmuchsleepweoughttohave.Therearesomewhothinkwecanleavethebodytoregulatethesemattersforitself.“Theansweriseasy,”saysDr.A.Burton.“Withtherightamountofsleepyoushouldwakeupfreshandalertfiveminutesbeforethealarmrings.”Ifheisrightmanypeoplemustbeundersleeping,includingmyself.Butwemustrememberthatsomepeoplehaveagreaterinertiathanothers.Thisisnotmeantrudely.Theyswitchonslowly,andtheyarereluctanttoswitchoff.Theyarealertatbedtimeandsleepywhenitistime 

togetup,andthismayhavenothingtodowithhowfatiguedtheirbodiesare,orhowmuchsleeptheymusttaketolosetheirfatigue.

Otherpeoplefeelsurethatthepresenttrendistowardstoolittlesleep.Toquoteonemedicalopinion,thousandsofpeopledriftthroughlifesufferingfromtheeffectsoftoolittlesleep;

thereasonisnotthattheycan’tsleep.Likeadvancingcolonists,wedoseemtobegraspingevermoreofthelandofsleepforourwakingneeds,pushingtheboundarybackandreaching,apparently,forapointinourevolutionwherewewillsleepnomore.Thisinitself,ofcourse,need 

notbeabadthing.Whatcouldbedisastrous,however,isthatweshouldpresstooquicklytowardsthisgoal,sacrificingsleeponlytogainmoretimeinwhich 

tojeopardizeourcivilizationbyactionsanddecisionsmadeweakbyfatigue.Then,tocompletethepicture,therearethosewhobelievethatmostpeoplearepersuadedtosleeptoomuch.DrH.Roberts,writinginEveryManinHealth,asserts:

“Itmaysafelybestatedthat,justasthemajorityeattoomuch,sothemajoritysleeptoomuch.”Onecanseethepointofthisalso.Itwouldbeapitytoretardourdevelopmentbyholdingbackthosepeoplewhoaregiftedenoughtoworkandplaywellwithlessthantheaverageamountofsleep,ifindeeditdoesthemnoharm.Ifoneofthetrendsofevolutionisthatmoreofthelifespanistobespentingainfulwakingactivity,thensurelythesepeopleareinthevanofthisadvance.

74. 

Theauthorseemstoindicatethat___.

therearemanycontroversialissuesliketherightamountofsleep

amongmanyissuestherightamountofsleepistheleastcontroversial

peoplearenowmovingtowardssolvingmanycontroversialissues

therightamountofsleepisatopicofmuchcontroversyamongdoctors

75. 

TheauthordisagreeswithDr.Burtonbecause___.

fewpeoplecanwakeupfeelingfreshandalert

somepeoplestillfeeltiredwithenoughsleep

somepeoplestillfeelsleepywithenoughsleep

somepeoplegotobedverylateatnight

76. 

Inthelastparagraphtheauthorpointsoutthat___.

sleepinglessisgoodforhumandevelopment

peopleoughttobepersuadedtosleeplessthanbefore

itisincorrecttosaythatpeopl