文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响Word格式.docx
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但当全球化势不可阻挡的时候,我们需要寻求更多的交流平台。
拓展更宽的视野势在必行,因此,文明之间的碰撞和融合并驾齐驱。
这种趋势,迎合国家交往的要求,也是时代的潮流。
但是,不同国家之间的文化交流是很复杂的。
其内容涵盖了政治,经济等。
同时,不同的文化必然会产生各种不同的冲突。
所以,本文旨在探索中西方文化差异导致冲突的原因,可以帮助英语学习者在学习过程中“求同存异”,更好地进行跨文化交际。
关键词:
文化差异;
差异根源;
跨文化交际;
影响;
能力;
提高
Abstract
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicandpoliticalintegrationoftheworld,economicglobalizationplaysanimportantroleintheinternationalsystem.Communicationbetweencountriesisfrequent,asaresult,internationalcompetitionbecomesfiercerthaneverbefore.Itseffectsareeverywhere.Wedevelopourownnativecultureinthesmallcircleofeconomic.Andourcivilizationispassingfromgenerationtogeneration.Nowadaysglobalizationisunavoidable,weneedtofindmorecommunicationplatform.Soitisimperativetoexploitotherwidefieldsofvision.Asaresult,thefusionbetweencountriesisunavoidable.Thistrend,cateringtothedemandsoftheexchangesbetweencountriesisalsothetrendofthetimes.Theculturalcommunicationiscomplicatedbetweendifferentcountries.Itreferstoeconomicandpoliticalaffairs.However,differentkindsofcultureareboundtohavevariousconflicts.SointhistextthesereasonsthatleadingtoconflictsbetweenChineseandwesternculturaldifferencesisexplored.Understandingthesedifferencescanhelpusseekcommongroundwhileputtingasidedifferences.Itisconducivetopromotecross-culturalcommunication.
KeyWords:
culturaldifferences;
root;
cross-culturalcommunication;
influence;
theability;
improvement
Contents
摘要I
AbstractII
1.Introduction1
2.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCulture1
2.1DifferencesinLanguageCommunication1
2.1.1DailyGreetings1
2.1.2TheUseofNicknamesamongFamilyMembers2
2.1.3TheDifferencesofSayingFarewell2
2.2TableMannerDifferences2
2.2.1RepastForminChina2
2.2.2TheWayofHospitality3
2.2.3DifferentTableware3
2.3DifferencebetweenChineseandWesternDiningEtiquette4
2.3.1DifferentClothes4
2.3.2TheDifferenceofDiningLocation4
2.3.3DifferentMethodsofrefusal.4
2.3.4DifferentChoiceofFood5
2.4SocialEtiquetteDifference5
2.4.1SocialBehavior5
2.4.2GreetingsatFirstMet5
2.5OtherSituationsofCommunication6
2.5.1TerminatetheConversation6
2.5.2TheWayofAskingforHelp7
3.ErrorsandConflictsintheCommunicationofCross-culture8
3.1AwarenessofPrivacy8
3.2DifferentHolidays8
3.3DifferentValues9
3.4ConceptofTime9
4.TheRootofCulturalDifferences.10
4.1RegionalDifferences10
4.2TheReasonsofEducation10
5.Conclusion11
Bibliography13
Acknowledgements14
1.Introduction
Cultureisabstract.Itmainlyincludesconceptofsubstance,ideologyandsystemofthreeotheraspects,thatislanguage,customs,thinkingpower,etc.Objectivelytosay,cultureisthesumofsocialvaluesystem.It’sanabstractconcept.Chinesecultureisall-inclusive.Itishardtoexplainitclearly.Inthiscontextwewillrepresentexamplestointerpretculturaldifferences.Tounderstandthedifferencesintheculturecanavoiddisadvantagesininternationalintercourse.Chinahasfivethousand-year-oldcivilization,knownas“paradiseofculture.”TheChineseisalsofamousforitspolitestyleintheworld.EtiquettecivilizationasanimportantpartofChinesetraditionalcultureplayedanextensiveandprofoundroleinsocialandhistoricaldevelopment.Thecontentisabundant,thescopeisunprecedented.Theinfluencealmostpermeateseveryaspectofsociallife,itfullyembodiesthattheChinesecultureisextensiveandprofound.
Ininternationalsociallifecivilization,etiquetteisveryimportant.Itrevealstheirowncultureanditpromotesthespreadoftheirownculture.Meanwhile,itappearsmorechallengesbetweencountries.Itisakindoflanguageanditisatool.Withthequickeningpaceofreformandopeningup,internationalculturalcommunicationisincreasing,asaresult,moredifferencesarisebetweenChineseandwesternculture.Theeffectsofsuchdifferencesareprofoundandlasting.Itcan’treachperfectfusionuntilpeopleunderstandthesedifferencesclearly.
2.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCulture
2.1DifferencesinLanguageCommunication
2.1.1DailyGreetings
Chinesepeoplemostlyuse:
“Doyoueatyourmeal?
”,“Whereareyougoing?
”whentheymeettheirfriends.Thisreflectstheinterpersonalconcerns.Butforwesterners,thesesentenceswillmakethemconfusedandmorelikelymakethemfeelabrupt,embarrassedoruncomfortable.Westernersliketothinkthequestiondirectly,andtheydon’tlikeotherstointerfereintheirprivatelives.Intheircountriestheysimplysay“goodmorning”“It’safundaytoday”whenpeoplemeeteachother.
2.1.2TheUseofNicknamesamongFamilyMembers
Inwesterncountriestheuseofafirst-nameismuchmorewidelythaninChina.Inthewesterncountries,peopleusuallyuse“Sir”or“Madam”tocallastrangeriftheydon’tknowtheirnames.Foragirlwhoisnotmarriedpeoplecallher“Miss”andamarriedwomancanbecalled“Mrs”or“Lady”instead.Chinesefamilymemberspaymoreattentiontothestatusofagenerationinthefamily.Thoughinrecentyears,therearesomenumbersofthefamilycallthenamesbetweenfatherandson,butitisonlyafew.However,amongwesternfamilymembers,theycallnameseachotherregardlessofthestatusofagenerationinthefamily.Theyallclaimtonamesornicknameeachother.Parentsandchildrencanalsocallnames,allmaleeldercalluncle,womeneldercallaunt.Thiswayofcallingnamesbetweenfamilynumbersdoesn’tworkinChina,otherwise,itwillbeconsideredoverstepping.
2.1.3TheDifferencesofSayingFarewell
Thewesternersalsohavealotofdifferentwaysofexpressionwhentheysaygoodbyetoeachother.TheChineseoftensaythatoneshouldtakegoodcareofoneself,drinkmoreboiledwater,putonmoreclothesandsoon.Butthewesternersjustsaybye,becausethiswaywillnotinterfereinotherpeople’sbehavior.
2.2TableMannerDifferences
2.2.1RepastForminChina
AnybanquetinChina,nomatterwhatpurposeithas,itonlyhasonefromfromwhichlotsofpeoplesharingfoodaroundaroundtable.Itusuallyusesroundtabletorepresenttheunity.Nextwewillintroducesomethingaboutmeals.InChinamealsusuallybeginwithasetoffourcolddishesatfirst,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Soupthenwillbeserved(unlessinGuangdongstylerestaurants).Mealswillbefollowedbystaplerangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.Ifyouwishtohaveyourricetogowithotherdishes,youshouldtellyourhost.MostoftheChinesechoosetohavethestaplefoodatlastorhavenoneofthematall.Thenwewillintroducetheorderofserving.InChinathefirstcourseisdishthenfollowedbythestaplefoodsuchasrice.Fruitasthelastdishisusedtopromotedigestion.Inwesterncountriestheorderisgenerallyvegetablesandsoup,fruit,staplefoodandfinallydessertandcoffee.
2.2.2TheWayofHospitality
OneofthethingsthatsurpriseWesternvisitorsmostisthatsomeoftheChinesehostsliketoputfoodintotheplatesoftheirguests.It’sawayofshowinghospitality.Informaldinners,therearealways“public”chopsticksandspoonsforguests,butsomehostsalsousetheirownchopsticks.Thisisasignofgenuinefriendshipandpoliteness.Itisalwayspolitetoeatthefood.Ifyoudonoteatitandjustleavethefoodintheplate.Thehostwillnotbehappy.
2.2.3DifferentTableware
ThemaindifferenceliesinthetablewarebetweenChineseandwesterndinner.InChinatablewareisrelativelysimple,generallycups,plates,bowls,dishes,chopsticks,spoon,etc.Westernershaveaknifeandfork,spoon,plates,etc.knivesandforksaresubdividedintomanykinds.InChina,peopleusechopstickstoeat;
whileinthewestpeopleuseknivesandforksinstead.Butthat’sonlysuperficial.Indecentrestaurants,youcanalwaysaskforapairofknifeandforkifyoufindthechopsticksnothelpfulenough.TherealdifferenceisthatintheWest,youhaveyourownplateoffood,whileinChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeveryoneshares.Ifyouarebeingtreatedtoaformaldinneryouhavetoobeythefollowingrules.Yourhostwilldothebesttodrawaharmoniousdiningenvironmentforyouandgiveyouatasteofmanydifferenttypesofdishes,sowhatyoushoulddoiseatupthedishesbeforeyou.
2.3DifferencebetweenChineseandWesternDiningEtiquette
2.3.1DifferentClothes
InChina,somepeoplehavedinnerinabnormalclothescasually,evenint-shirts,jeans.Insomeimportantbanquettheydon’tmindclothing.Whileinsomeupscalerestaurantinthewest,menmustwearcleanjacketandshoes.Theyusuallywearatieanddonotwearcasualclothestotherestaurantfordinner.
2.3.2TheDifferenceofDiningLocation
Peoplehavetositdowninpositioninthefamilyhierarchyaftertheguestshavetheirseats.Oppositethedooristhehostess’sseat.Farthestfromthedoor,amalehostseated.Theseatontheright-handsideofthehostessisthefirstguest,generallyasir.Therightseatisthesecondguest’sseat,generallytheladyguest.Inwesterncountriespriorityisgiventoladiestochooseseats.Thentherestpeoplesitattheiroption.
2.3.3DifferentMethodsofrefusal.
Ifyoudonotwanttoeatindinneryouhavetoinformyourhostintime.Nextwewillseesomecommonmethodsofrefusal.Guestscanputchopsticksorspoons