英语时态小结Word格式文档下载.docx
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(疑问句)
always
the
first
get
school.
Usually
he
his
office
seven.
注意:
always还可以和进行时连用,表示说话人的表扬和批评等感情色彩。
asking
same
question.
helping
old
man.
2.
在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,用现在时态,其中包括一般现在时,代表将来,不用助动词will或shall.
I'
ll
tell
as
soon
comes.
It
won'
be
long
before
we
again.
Even
if
offer
much
more
money,
accept
it.
We'
stay
little
longer
even
though
it
late.
If
work
hard
it,
will
make
progress.
You
late
unless
hurry.
do
my
teacher
says.
should
state(陈述)the
facts
they
are.
有时条件句中出现will,will是情态动词,表示愿意,例如:
wait
few
minutes,
manager.
如果你肯(愿意)等候几分钟,那我就去通知经理。
(直译)
实际上这是一句客套话,相当于:
Please
所以上面的句子可以意译为“请等一下,我就去通知经理。
”又如:
take
off
your
clothes,
we'
fit
new
clothes
on
相当于Please
quiet,
what
has
happened.
还要注意when,
if等连词引导的其他从句,该用什么时态就用什么时态。
don'
know
when
come.
(宾语从句)
我不知道他什么时候回来。
我不知道他是否能来。
When
arrive
unknown.
(主语从句)
他什么时候能来还不知道。
We
are
fixing
time
meeting
held.
我们正在确定开会的时间。
书报的标题、戏剧的场景介绍常用一般时或现在进行时,如高中课本The
Necklace一课Scene1
A
park
in
Paris,
1870.
Jeanne
(J)
sitting
park.
Mathilde(M)
walks
towards
her.
4.
一般现在时可用来代表将来时,表示按计划、按时间表进行的动作,句中常带有时间状语,如:
A:
does
train
for
Beijing
start?
B:
starts
six
morning.
The
class
begins
eight.
afraid
上面两例句都是将来时的语境,但都分别用了现在时starts,
begins.
能够这样使用的大多是些瞬间动词,如:
begin,
come,
open,
close,
leave,
go,
arrive,
start,
stop,
return等。
(二)一般过去时
表示过去某时间发生的动作、存在的状态,或过去一段时间内习惯性、经常性动作,时间状语除了像in
1978,
last
year,
yesterday,
now,
days
ago等外,也可用often,
usually等,还可用used
to和would+
动词原形,或通过时间状语从句来表达,如:
was
child….
助动词用did.
born
1978.
graduated
from
school
year.
child,
learned
play
piano.
often
got
early
and
took
exercise
those
days.
remember
this
used
quiet
village.
would
worked
father'
s
farm.
didn'
go
bed
until
finished
picking
BBC
English.
During
vacation
swim
sea.
在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,如果主句是过去将来时,从句用过去时态,其中包括一般过去时代表过去将来,即从句中不用would或should。
said
that
gave
time,
better.
knew
could
not
finish
homework
came.
had
difficulties.
told
us
join
came
back.
promised
said.
3.
表示一系列发生的动作,尽管动作有先后,都用过去时,而不分哪个动作是过去时,哪个动作是过去完成时,并且在最后两个动词之间用and连结,如:
put
best
small
bag,
went
station
into
station.
She
market,
bought
some
eggs
back
home
noon.
注意下列情况过去时态的使用。
Sorry,
were
here.
“很抱歉,不知道您在这儿。
”按英语的实际意思是,刚才不知道您在这儿,现在看到您,现在是知道了,所以用过去时表示先前不知道您那会儿就在这儿。
类似的例子还有:
——You
have
been
allowed
out.
Why
still
standing
here?
——Sorry,
realize
wanted
me
once.
(三)一般将来时
一般将来时表示未来的动作或存在的状态,其表达形式有几种:
用shall或will+
动词原形。
shall仅用于第一人称,即I,
we作主语时,will用于所有人称(包括第一人称)。
permits,
shall/will
visit
Palace.
Jenny
sleep-over
Saturday.
There
rock
concert
weekend.
在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中不用will,
shall表示将来,这一点请参阅一般现在时。
going
to+
动词原形,表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算做某事。
Be
careful!
bicycle
fall
down.
(即将发生)
Dark
black
clouds
sky.
thunderstorm.
send
card
birthday.
(打算)
They
football
match
afternoon.
isn'
see
film
after
Are
fishing
Sunday?
months.
shown
cinema
tonight.
am
do
done
be
to结构和will,
shall均可表示将来,有时意义无大区别可以互换,有时不能,如:
hair
cut
也可以说
Look!
sky
clouded
over.
rain.
即将下雨,不宜用will.
3)I
hope
rain
tomorrow.
不是马上下雨,又不可能是计划下雨,不宜用be
to.
4)——Sorry,
forgot
post
letter.
——Never
mind.
myself.
原来计划让别人邮,没邮成,现在自己来邮,不宜用be
某些瞬间动词可用现在时和进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。
如动词:
stay,
move等,如:
leaving
HongKong
=He
leave
Hongkong
Bob
coming
with
airport.
How
staying
Xi'
an?
其中按时间表进行的动作多用一般时态表达,句中常有时间状语,而即将发生的动作多用进行时态,例如:
Go
aboard,
please.
ship
.
A.
B.
leaves
C.
shall
D.
答案是A。
不是B,强调即将发生。
10∶00
a.
m.
谓语动词是leaves,
而不是is
leaving,强调每日上午十点这只船出发。
(just)
about
动词原形,表示即将发生的事,常译“刚要……,就要……”。
goes
bell.
begin.
Look.
players
field.
game
5.
动词原形,表示:
(1)按计划或安排要做的事,(接近be
to,
可译为“将要”、“打算”、“定于……”)
An
English
examination
place
next
Monday.
New
Year'
party
held
gate
o'
clock.
Mick
tennis.
(2)用不定式的完成式表示“本打算……”
sports
meet,
but
stopped
seen
office.
(3)be
do/be接近情态动词should,
must,
ought
to的用法,表示“应该”的意思。
What
then?
What
mustn'
smoke
room.
You
hand
book.
He
All
these
things
answered
for.
All
(4)可能发生的事(接近can,
may)
sure
whether
come
I
can
keys
nowhere
found.
My
may
found
nowhere.
there
hurry
up.
6.
其他形式代表未来动作的
want
do/be
future.
mean
bike?
intend
soon.
likely
accident
happen
rush
hour.
like
d
skating
(四)过去将来时
从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,通常用于主句谓语动词为过去时的宾语从句中(或者说间接引语中),其构成,把一般将来时中的助动词will,改为would,
shall改成should+
一般将来时所用的各种方法,在过去将来时里,照样使用,只不过动词或助动词都用过去时,对比如下:
一般将来时
过去将来时
will,
shallwould,
am/is
was
were
toto
she
Saturday
week.
never
thought
card.
following
started
10∶00.
began
manager
too
busy.
helped
us,
最后两例都表示原本打算做某事,实际未做成,“打算”发生在过去的过去,用was/were
done来表达。
friend
lend
£
5
Monday,
grateful.
后例中would出现在条件句,是情态动词表示愿意、愿望,用这种方式提出请求,否则在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中,不用would或should(在主句的谓语动词是过去将来时的情况下),而用过去时态表达。
(五)现在进行时
现在进行时由am/is/are+
doing构成。
表示说话时正在进行的动作。
doing
now?
Look,
playing
chess.
表示现阶段内在进行的动作,但不一定在说话时进行。
population
of
world
increasing.
Man
something
prevent
pollution.
在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在进行时代替将来进行时。
sleeping
comes,
wake
up,
Make
notes
listening
表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词,一般不用进行时,如:
have,
be,
hear,
see,
like,
hate,
know等。
very
much.
不说I
liking
hear
sing
hearing
constantly,
forever常与进行时连用,表示厌烦,赞扬等感情色彩。
forgetting
bring
text
(批评)
forever
thinking
others.
(赞扬)
constantly
making
mistake.
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别:
前者侧重在描述动作暂时的情景,状态的持续,后者侧重在说明事理,陈述一个事实。
speaking
speaks
7.
有些瞬间动词用现在进行时代表将来,“即将……”。
arriving
two
minutes.
(六)过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻,或某一阶段正在进行的动作,由was/were+
doing构成,句子中往往有过去的时间状语,代表过去的一个时间点,如:
eight
night,
then等,或用句子表示时间,像:
home等。
eight