汽车专业 翻译 中英文全a person who is injured in an automobile accident while in the.docx
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汽车专业翻译中英文全apersonwhoisinjuredinanautomobileaccidentwhileinthe
UNINSUREDMOTORISTCOVERAGE
THEIMPACTOFWORKERS’COMPENSATIONANDWORK-RELATEDINJURIES
ByTimothyW.Monsees
Apersonwhoisinjuredbyaco-employeeinanautomobileaccidentwhileinthecourseofhisorheremploymentmaybeentitledtorecoverunderbothapolicyprovidingforuninsuredmotorvehiclecoverage(UM)andundertheworkers’compensationlaw.Thissituationraisesseverallegalissues.First,inlightofcaselawimmunizingco-employeesfromlegalliabilityunderworkers’compensation,istheat-faultemployeeconsideredsomeonefromwhomtheinjuredpartyis“legallyentitledtorecover?
”Second,fromwhoseuninsuredmotoristpolicycananinjuredworkerrecover?
Finally,mayaninjuredemployeerecoverbothuninsuredmotorvehiclebenefitsandworkers’compensation?
TheWorkers’CompensationLaw,§287.010R.S.Mo.etseq.,providestheexclusiveremedyforemployeesagainstemployersforinjuriescoveredbyitsprovisions.However,thisimmunityextendstoemployeesoftheemployerinamorelimitedfashion.Whilesuitsagainstemployeespersonallyforbreachofthedutytomaintainasafeworkingenvironmentarepreemptedbytheworkers’compensationlaws,anemployeemaysueafellowemployeeforaffirmativenegligentactsoutsidethescopeofanemployer’sresponsibilitytoprovideasafeworkplace.Gunnettv.GirardierBldg.AndRealtyCo.70S.W.3d632(Mo.App.E.D.,2002).Thisraisesthequestion,whatisan“affirmativenegligentact”?
InStateexrel.Taylorv.Wallace,73S.W.3d620,623(Mo.2002)theCourtstatedthat,“thequestionofwhatconstitutesan“affirmativenegligentact”hasnotprovensusceptibleofreliabledefinition,andMissouricourtshaveessentiallyappliedtheruleonacasebycasebasiswithclosereferencetothefactsineachindividualcase.”Id.Withoutan“affirmativenegligentact”aco-employeetortfeasorcannotbeheldliable,sotheonlywayforaninjuredemployeetocollectforthenegligenceofanautomobiletortfeasormaybetocollectfromanuninsuredmotoristpolicy.
Conventionalwisdomhasheldthat,duetothehigherstandardofcarerequiredofoperatorsofmotorvehicles,afellowemployeedriverwassimilarlyheldtoahigherstandardofcarethanthegeneralobligationofemployerstoprovideasafeworkplace.Operatorsofmotorvehiclesareheldtothe“highestdegreeofcare.”Hansenv.James,847S.W.2d476(Mo.App.1992);MAI11.01[1996Revision].Insurershavesuccessfullyargued,however,thatnodistinctionshouldbemadebetweentortsarisingoutofaccidentsinvolvingautomobilesandthosethatdonot.
InStateexrel.Taylorv.Wallace,supra,boththeinjuredemployeeandthedefendantwereworkingforthesametrashcompany.Theplaintiffwasholdingontothesideofatrashtruckandwassweptfromthesideofthetruckasitstruckamailbox.Plaintiffallegedthatthedefendant:
1)failedtokeepacarefullookout;2)carelesslyandnegligentlystruckamailboxwhiledriving;and3)carelesslyandnegligentlydrovetooclosetoafixedobject.Althoughplaintiffarguedthattheoperatorofthetruckfailedtoexercisethehighestdegreeofcare,thecourtconcludedtheallegationswerenogreaterinkindordegreethanthegeneralobligationofanoperatorofamotorvehicleonapublicroad.Accordingly,thedriver’sneglectdidnotconstitutethekindofaffirmativenegligentactnecessarytodefeattheimmunityofworkers’compensation.Ofnote,althoughthecourtcitesthreecaseexamplestosupportitsconclusion,noneinvolveautomobilecollisionsorastandardofcaregreaterthanordinarynegligence.Id.at622,n.7.
Theissuethatmanycourtsdonotagreeuponiswhetherthisimmunitydefeatstheburdenofaninjuredclaimanttodemonstratethatthetortfeasorissomeonefromwhomtheclaimantislegallyentitledtorecover,inaccordancewiththetenetsofuninsuredmotoristlawsandpolicies.SinceseveralMissouricaseshaveheldthatanexclusioninapolicyofautomobileliabilityinsuranceforclaimsbroughtbyinjuredfellowemployeesisnotvoidasagainstpublicpolicy,irrespectiveoftheMotorVehicleFinancialResponsibilityLaw(MVFRL),aclaimforuninsuredmotoristbenefitsmaybetheonlysourceofrecovery,asidefromworkers’compensation.§303.010R.S.Mo.See,e.g.,Bakerv.DePew,860S.W.2d318(Mo.1993).
Mostcourtsthathaveconsideredthequestionhaveheldthat“legallyentitledtorecover”importsaconditionprecedenttotheuninsuredmotoristinsurer’sobligationtopay.Forexample,inFoxv.CommercialUnionInsuranceCo.,413So.2d679(La.App.3rdCir.1982),thecourtheldthat,sinceworker’scompensationistheexclusiveremedyforaninjuredemployeeagainstaco-employee,theinjuredemployeedidnothavealegallyenforceablerighttorecoverdamagesfromtheco-employe