中医英语笔记精品文档28页文档格式.docx

中医英语笔记精品文档28页文档格式.docx

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中医英语翻译原则

由于素体脾胃虚弱，或久病失血伤阴，致阴血不足，胞脉失养。

Thediseaseresultsfromchronicsplenogastricasthenia,oryin-consumptionbybleedingwithchronicillness,leadingtohemopeniaandfailuretonourishtheuterinecollaterals.

如果气化功能失常，就会影响到气、血、津液的新陈代谢，影响饮食物的消化吸收，影响汗液、尿液和粪便的排泄，从而形成各种各样代谢异常的疾病。

ThedisorderofQiactivitycanaffectthemetabolismofQi,bloodandbodyfluid,impairthedigestionandabsorptionoffood,andinhibitsweating,urinationanddefecation,resultinginvariousmetabolicdiseases.

三焦,现统一为tripleenergizer

TranslationofTCMterminology

补：

tonify,invigorate,strengthen,supplement

实火：

Excessivefire,Solidfire

温病：

Seasonalfebriledisease

哮喘：

Dyspneaandasthmaticbreathing

引火归原:

conductthefirereturningtotheoriginalplace

肺痨:

consumptivediseaseofthelung

黄帝内经：

yellowemperor’scanonofinternalmedicine

ThetheoryofYinyangandFive-elements

Plainquestions《素问》MiraculousPivot《灵枢经》

ClassiconMedicalProblems《难经》ShenNong’sHerbal《神农本草经》

TreatiseonFebrileDiseases《伤寒论》

SynopsisofPrescriptionsofGoldenCabinet《金匮要略》

A-BClassicofAcupunctureandMoxibustion《针灸甲乙经》

GeneralTreatiseontheEtiologyandSymptomsology《诸病源候论》

TheoryofTCM

Materialism唯物主义

疾病可知又可防治Thediseasesarecognizableandcurable

Dialectics辩证法

正气存内，邪不可干Whenthereissufficienthealthyqiinside,pathogenicfactorshavenowaytoinvadethebody

BasiccharacteristicsofTCM

整体观念Theholisticconcept；

theconceptoftheorganismasawhole

Theconceptoforganicwholereferstotheintegralunityofthehumanbodyanditscloserelationshipwiththeouterworld.

从阳引阴，从阴引阳，以左治右，以右治左Drawingyinfromyanganddrawingyangfromyin;

treatingtherightforcuringdiseaseontheleftandtreatingtheleftforcuringdiseaseontheright.

辨证论治Syndromedifferentiationandtreatment

同病异治Treatingthesamediseasewithdifferenttherapies

异病同治Treatingdifferentdiseasewiththesametherapy

阴阳五行学说部分

阴阳学说Theoryofyinandyangordoctrineofyinandyang

阴中之阴与阳中之阳Yinwithinyinandyangwithinyang

阴阳互根Yinandyangarerootedineachother

阴阳转化Yin-yangconversion

阴阳自和Naturalharmonyofyinandyang；

spontaneousharmonizationofyinandyang

阴阳消长Growthanddeclinebetweenyinandyang

阴平阳秘Yangsteadieswhileyincalms；

calmyinandsoundyang

阴阳两虚Simultaneousastheniaofyinandyang,国外译作dualvacuityofyinandyang

阴阳离绝Dissociationorseparationofyinandyang

阴胜则寒Excessiveofyincausingcoldorpredominanceofyinleadstocoldsyndrome

阴损及阳Impairmentofyinaffectingyangorconsumptionofyininvolvingyang

阴阳俱损Simultaneousimpairmentofyinandyang

阴胜格阳Predominantyinrejectingyangorexcessiveyinrepellingyang

YinandYang-thelawofnature

Thingsorphenomenawhicharedynamic,bright,hot,functional,etc,pertaintoyang,whilethosethatarestatic,dark,cold,substantial,etc,pertaintoyin

Yinandyangarethelawofheavenandearth,theprinciplesofallthings,theparentsofallchanges,theoriginoflifeanddeath

ThecontentofthetheoryofYinandYang

Oppositionn.反对,敌对,相反

Interdependencen.互相依赖

Relativewaxingandwaning【医】消长变化

Transformation转化

Allthingsandphenomenainthenaturalworldcontainthetwooppositecomponents

阴盛则阳病，…。

Yininexcesscausingyangdisease,whileyanginexcessleadingtoyindisease

在中医里，常见“x则y”的结构，x为因，y为果,可将则译为

CausingInducingLeadingtoBringonGiverisetoProduceMake

阳虚则外寒Yangdeficiencycausingexternalcold

阳盛则热Excessiveyangleadingtoheat

在很多术语里没“则”字，但因果关系存在，译法相同

热极生风Over-heatgeneratingwind

阴虚阳亢Deficiencyofyininducinghyperactivityofyang

独阴不生，独阳不长Neithercanexistinisolationwithoutitsopponent’sexistence

阴在内，阳之守也；

阳在外，阴之使也“Yinremainsinsidetoactasaguardforyang;

whileyangstaysoutsidetoserveasanactorofyin”.Yinreferstothematerialbasisoffunctionalactivityofyangwhileyangtofunctionalactivity

YinandYangopposingeachotheranddependingoneachotherforexistencearenotstaticbutinadynamicstate,i.e.,yinwanes（消减）,yangwaxes（增多）,andviceversa

一定条件下，阴阳可互化Ingivenconditions,eitheryinoryangmaytransformintoitsopposite

阴盛则阳，阳盛则阴“Extremeyingivesrisetoyang,whileextremeyanggivesrisetoyin”

寒极生热，热极生寒“Extremecoldbringsonheat,whileextremeheatbringsoncold”

物极则反Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme

UsesoftheoryofYinandYanginTCM

Toexplainthetissuesandstructuresofthehumanbody

“Man,havingaform,cannotdeviatefromyinandyang”

Toexplainthephysiologicalfunctionofthehumanbody

阴平阳密，精神乃至；

阴阳绝离，精气乃绝“theequilibriumofyinandyangmakesthevitalitywell-conserved;

thedivorce（departure）ofyinandyangessence-qiexhausted”

Toexplainthepathologicalchange

阳盛则热，阴盛则寒；

阳虚则寒，阴虚则热“Excessiveyangleadstoheatsyndromesandexcessiveyincausescoldsyndrome;

deficiencyyangresultsincoldsyndromeanddeficiencyyincausesheatsyndrome”

阴损及阳，阳损及阴Yindeficiencyinvolvingyang,deficiencyimpairmentinvolvingyin

Todiagnoseandtreatdisease

实者泄之Treatingexcesssyndromewithpurgation

中医的“者…之”可采取“treating…with”,“治法+证名”

虚者补之Treatingdeficiencysyndromewithinvigoration（orinvigoratingdeficiency）

寒者热之Treatingcoldsyndromewithhot-natureddrugs（orheatingthecold）

热者寒之Treatingheatsyndromewithcold-natureddrugs（orcoolingtheheat）

益火之源，以消阴翳Restrainingpredominantyinbyreinforcingyang

Treatingyangforyindisease

壮水之主，以制阳光Restrainingpredominantyangbystrengtheningyin

Treatingyinforyangdisease

Theoryoffiveelements

Theformationofthetheoryoffiveelements：

WoodFireEarthMetalWater

相生Inter-generationormutualpromotion,orinter-promotion

Inter-generationmeansonekindofobjectgenerates,strengthensorbringsforthanotherone

五行的任何一行都有“生我”和“我生”的双重性，生我者为“母”，我生者为“子”.Eachofthefiveelementscontainsthedualnature-“being-generated”and“generating”.Theelementthatgenerateiscalled“themother”,whlietheelementthatisgeneratediscalled“thechild”.

相克Mutualrestriction（inhibition）

Restrictionconnotes（意味着）bringingundercontrolorrestraint

Eachofthefiveelementsismarkedby“beingrestricted”and“restricting”

相乘Over-restrictionorsubjugation

Oneelementsubduestheotherwhenthelatterisweak

相侮Reverserestrictionorcounter-restriction

Thestrongonebulliestheweakone

Botharetheabnormalinter-restriction

Theapplicationofthetheoryoffiveelements

Explainingthecorrelationsbetweenthefiveviscera

Expounding（阐述）pathologicalinfluencesbetweenthefiveviscera

母病及子，子病及母mother-organ’sdisorderaffectingitschildorgan,child-organ’sdisorderinvolvingmotherorgan

Diagnosingandtreatingdiseases

知肝之病，当先实脾Whenliverdiseasesoccurs,itwillspreadtothespleen,sotheqiofthespleenshouldbereinforcedbeforeitisaffected

子虚补母，母实泄子Ifhypofunctionisfoundintheson-organ,themother-organshouldbetonified;

ifhyperfunctionisfoundinthemother-organ,theson-organshouldbetreatedwithpurgation

脏腑部分

藏象学说的翻译问题：

有人译作visceraandtheirmanifestationorstateofviscera

脏腑:

zangfu-organsorsolidandholloworgansorzang-visceraandfu-viscera

五脏five-zangorgansorfive-zangviscera;

五脏作为一个统一的概念来使用可译作viscera

奇恒之府：

extraordinaryfu-organsorpeculiarholloworgans

精气：

vitalessence,essenceoflife

先天之精prenatalorcongenitalessence

后天之精Postnataloracquiredessence

神：

spirit,mind,vitality

精、气、神中译为spirit；

在安神中译作mind；

指人的精神状态译作vitality

中医的“官”是对某器官功能的比喻。

译作organ

传导之官Anorganinchargeoftransmission

决渎之官Anorganinchargeofwatercirculation

州都之官Anorganlikenedtoareservoir

开窍于：

Openinto,asthewindowof,astheorificeoforspecificbodyopeningto

心开窍于舌Theheartopensintothetongue

开窍疗法Openingorificeorresuscitationtherapy

其华在：

outwardmanifestation

在志为：

Correspondto…intheemotions

心在志为喜Theheartcorrespondstojoyintheemotion

合Associatewithorconnectwith

肝合胆Liverassociatewiththegallbladderfunctionally

主Control,govern,dominateorbeinchargeof

五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气；

六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷Thecommonphysiologicalfunctionsofthefivezang-organsaretoproduceandstoreessence;

thecommonphysiologicalfunctionsofthesixfu-organsaretoreceive,transportwaterandfood.

有诸内，必形诸外Viscerainsidethebodymustmanifestthemselvesexternally.

Heart

心为五脏之主Theheartisthemonarchofalltheorgans

Itsphysiologicalfunctions：

Controllingbloodandvessels；

Governingthemind

心藏神Theheartistheresidenceofthemind

心在液为汗Sweatasthefluidoftheheart

心其华在面Thehearthasitsoutwardmanifestationinthefaceorcomplexion

心包：

Pericardium,theperipheraltissuesurroundingtheheart,servetoprotecttheheart.

Invasionofpathogenicheatintothepericardium

Cord—心

Accord一致Discordance不一致Cordate心脏形的Concord和睦、一致

Cardi—心

Cardiac心脏的；

强心剂Carditis心肌炎Bradycardia心动过缓

Tachycardia心悸亢进Electrocardiogram心电图

Lung

肺主气Takingchargeoftheqi

肺为华盖Canopy

宣发肃降Activatingtheflowofqi,foodessenceandbodyfluid,clearingtheinspiredairandkeepingitflowingdownwardandhelpingmaintainnormalwatermetabolism

主治节Dominateqi,controlrespiration,governdispersinganddescendingactivitiesandregulatethewaterpassage

肺其华在毛，开窍于鼻Beingas