北京师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题共13页word资料Word文件下载.docx

北京师范大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题共13页word资料Word文件下载.docx

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《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也？

”；

《论语》中的“有酒食，先生馔”；

《国策》中的“先生坐，何至于此？

”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。

其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。

可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。

看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。

称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于《礼记?

曲礼》，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。

ListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespond¬

ingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

1.A）Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.

B）Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.

C）Shehasnotgottheman'

scopiesready.

D）Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.

2.A）ShephonedFredaboutthebook.C）SheranintoFredonherwayhere.

B）Shewaslatefortheappointment.D）Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.

3.A）MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.

B）Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.

C）Itwon'

tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.

D）Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.

4.A）Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.

B）Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.

C）ItgotlostattheairportinParis.

D）Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.

5.A）Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.

B）Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.

C）Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.

D）Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.

6.A）ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.

B）Thewomanisn'

tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.

C）Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.

D）Thewomanisn'

tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.

7.A）Theyarebothtoblame.

B）Theyarebotheasytoplease.

C）Theycanmanagetogetalong.

D）Theywillmakepeaceintime.

8.A）Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.

B）Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.

C）Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.

D）Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A）Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.

B）Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.

C）Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.

D）Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.

10.A）Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.

B）Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.

C）Theydon'

tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.

D）Theydon'

twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.

11.A）Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'

tdareto.

B）It'

sanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.

C）It'

sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.

D）Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.

12.A）Toirritatethem.C）Torelieveherfeelings.

B）Toteachthemalesson.D）Toshowhercourage.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

13.A）SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.C）Stealingafellowpassenger'

sbag.

B）Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.D）BringingahandgunintoHongKong.

14.A）Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.

B）HetookawayKumar'

sbaggagewhilehewasasleep.

C）HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.

D）HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'

sbag.

15.A）Givehimalift.C）Checkthepassengerlist.

B）FindAlfredFoster.D）Searchallsuspiciouscars.

SectionB

Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A）Theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.

B）Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'

sworth.

C）Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.

D）Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.

17.A）Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.

B）Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.

C）Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.

D）Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.

18.A）Theroleoftravelagents.C）Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.

B）Thewaypeopletravel.D）Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A）Theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.

B）Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.

C）Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.

D）Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.

20.A）Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.

B）Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.

C）Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.

D）Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.

31.A）Toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.

B）Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.

C）Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.

D）Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A）Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.

B）ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.

C）Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.

D）Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.

33.A）Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.

B）Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.

C）Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.

D）Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.

34.A）Thereareawiderangeofcases.

B）Theyareverydestructive.

C）Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.

D）Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.

35.A）Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.C）Offerhelptocrimevictims.

B）Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.D）Workasanewspapereditor.

SectionC

Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'

spickingoneof31icecream（36）_____ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus（37）_____,unhappy–evenparalyzedwithindecision.

That'

s（38）_____truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarrySchwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman（39）_____.Studentsaregraduatingwitha（40）_____ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselves（41）_____whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.

Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheir（42）_____year.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjob-hunting（43）_____andcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroups:

"

maximizers"

whoconsidereverypossibleoption,and"

satisficers"

wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.

Youmightexpectthatthestudents（44）_________________________________.Butitturnsoutthat'

snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersendedupwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren'

tashappywiththeirdecision.

Thereason（45）_________________________________.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,（46）_________________________________.

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

MinorityReport

Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.

BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'

seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2019thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."

Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"

hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithi