八年级英语下册语法宾语从句外研版Word下载.docx
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2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
注意一下情况只用whether,不用if
whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用。
如:
正:
Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.误:
Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.
2.当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。
Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.误:
Ifitistrueornot,Ican’ttell.
3.whether可以引导带to的不定式。
Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.误:
Idon’tknowiftoacceptorrefuse.
4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.误:
IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.
二.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.
三.宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
如何改为宾语从句A.三关
1.引导词关
①陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);
②一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;
③特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2.语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
Doesheworkhard?
Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.
Whendidheleave?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.
注意:
有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序
1.Whowentthereyesterday?
Marywantedtoknow.
→Marywantedtoknowwhowentthereyesterday.
2.What’sthematterwiththeclock?
Hewondered.
→Hewonderedwhatwasthematterwiththeclock.
3.时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.
如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
B.人称的变化和标点的使用
1.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;
如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;
如果是第三人称,不用变化。
“MayIuseyourknife?
”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?
”Heaskedme.
→HeaskedmeifIknewhertelephonenumber.
2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;
主句是疑问句,用问号。
Whowillgiveusatalk?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
Doyouknow?
Wheredoeshelive?
→Doyouknowwherehelives?
其他问题
A)if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。
因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下。
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.(时间状语从句)if表示“如果,要是”
Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)if表示“是否”
B)从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
Shefoundthatthewalletlayontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlieontheground.
Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.
2.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?
→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?
中考范例
1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_____in2002.
A.wheredoesshelive
B.WhereshelivesC.wheredidshelive
D.whereshelived
【解析】答案:
D。
该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。
宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。
2.Wouldyoupleasetellme______?
A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootball
C.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame
主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
3.Idon’tknowwhen____.
A.willthetrainleave
B.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleave
D.thetrainleave
B。
只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。
4.---Wedon’tknow_____.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.
A.whatheis
B.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfrom
D.whichcountryishefrom
【解析】答案:
C。
该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。
按照他们谈论的话题可知:
他们说的是某人是哪里人。
A和B可以排除掉,D的语序不对,只有C正确。
5.We'
renotsureifit___________tomorrow.Ifit___________,wewon’tclimbtheSouthHill.
A.willsnow;
snows
B.willsnow;
willsnowC.snows;
D.snows;
willsnow
解析:
答案为A项。
题干中前句if引导的是宾语从句,后句if引导的是条件状语从句,故选A项。
6.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththeletter.(改为简单句)
Idon’tknowwhat______________withtheletter.
当主句谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember等,其后接疑问词(连接代词/副词)引导的宾语从句,且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可简化成“疑问词(连接代词/副词+不定式(短语)结构,故空白处填todo。
将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.
4)CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________French.
5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChao
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.
7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?
8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.
11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'
tknow.
Idon'
tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12)What'
shisname?
Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.
13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
15)WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
tknow.
tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
变人称语序为陈述语序,标点,时态看看下面的题
1).Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates?
Couldyoutellme?
(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Couldyoutellmehow___________onwithhisnewclassmates?
2).Whatishedoingthere?
Motherdidn'
tknow.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句Motherdidn'
tknowwhat_____________doingthere.
3).You'
dbetteraskyourmotherwhetherisitcheapenoughbeforeyoutryiton.(改错)4)What'
Iaskedhim.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Iaskedhimwhat_____________________.
5)Whydidn'
thelookhappy?
(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Couldyoutellmewhy_____________lookhappy?
6)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
tknow(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
7)Whosechildrenistheoldwomanlookingafter?
Didyoufindout?
(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Didyoufindoutwhosechildrentheoldwoman_____________after?
8)Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Mysistertoldme.(同上)
Mysistertoldme______themoon_______roundtheearth.
9)Ithinkitisnotgoingtosnowtomorrow.(改错)
10).“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew。
”Tom'
smotheraskedhim.(同义句转换)Tom'
smotheraskedhim________________________totrysomethingnew.