现代大学英语精读5课文Word文件下载.docx

现代大学英语精读5课文Word文件下载.docx

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16August1967

Now,inordertoanswerthequestion,"

Wheredowegofromhere?

"

whichisourtheme,wemustfirsthonestlyrecognizewherewearenow.WhentheConstitutionwaswritten,astrangeformulatodeterminetaxesandrepresentationdeclaredthattheNegrowas60percentofaperson.Todayanothercuriousformulaseemstodeclareheis50percentofaperson.Ofthegoodthingsinlife,theNegrohasapproximatelyonehalfthoseofwhites.Ofthebadthingsoflife,hehastwicethoseofwhites.ThushalfofallNegroesliveinsubstandardhousing.AndNegroeshavehalftheincomeofwhites.Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.Therearetwiceasmanyunemployed.TherateofinfantmortalityamongNegroesisdoublethatofwhitesandtherearetwiceasmanyNegroesdyinginVietnamaswhitesinproportiontotheirsizeinthepopulation.

2Inotherspheres,thefiguresareequallyalarming.Inelementaryschools,Negroeslagonetothreeyearsbehindwhites,andtheirsegregatedschoolsreceivesubstantiallylessmoneyperstudentthanthewhiteschools.OnetwentiethasmanyNegroesaswhitesattendcollege.OfemployedNegroes,75percentholdmenial（卑贱的）jobs.

3Thisiswhereweare.Wheredowegofromhere?

First,wemustmassivelyassertourdignityandworth.Wemuststandupamidst（尽管存在…情况）asystemthatstilloppressesusanddevelopanunassailable（攻不破的）andmajesticsenseofvalues.Wemustnolongerbeashamedofbeingblack.Thejobofarousingmanhoodwithinapeoplethathavebeentaughtforsomanycenturiesthattheyarenobodyisnoteasy.

Depiction描写叙述ofBlacknessandNegroContributions

4Evensemanticshaveconspiredtomakethatwhichisblackseemuglyanddegrading.InRoget'

sThesaurus（同义词词典）thereare120synonymsforblacknessandatleast60ofthemareoffensive,asforexample,blot（污渍）,soot（煤烟）,（grim）糟糕的,devil（魔鬼）andfoul.Andtherearesome134synonymsforwhitenessandallarefavorable,expressedinsuchwordsaspurity,cleanliness,chastity（贞洁淳朴）andinnocence.Awhitelieisbetterthanablacklie.Themostdegenerate（堕落的）memberofafamilyisa"

blacksheep.（害群之马）"

OssieDavishassuggestedthatmaybetheEnglishlanguageshouldbereconstructedsothatteacherswillnotbeforcedtoteachtheNegrochild60waystodespise（鄙视）himself,andtherebyperpetuate使永存hisfalsesenseofinferiority,andthewhitechild134waystoadorehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofsuperiority.

5ThetendencytoignoretheNegro'

scontributiontoAmericanlifeandto（striphimof剥夺）hispersonhood（人格）,isasoldastheearliesthistoryhooksandascontemporaryasthemorning'

snewspaper.Toupsetthisculturalhomicide（杀人行为）,theNegromustriseup（起义）withanaffirmation（主张）ofhisownOlympian（庄严的）manhood（人格）.AnymovementfortheNegro'

sfreedomthatoverlooks（忽视）thisnecessityisonlywaitingtobeburied.Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseofself-esteem,isthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.NoLincolnian（林肯作风的）Emancipation（解放）Proclamation（宣告）orJohnsonianCivilRightsBillcantotallybringthiskindoffreedom.TheNegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisownbeing（他自己的生存）andsignswiththepenandinkofassertive（坚定而自信的）manhoodhisownEmancipationProclamation.And,withaspiritstraining（变形）towardtrueself-esteem,theNegromustboldlythrowoffthemanacles（手铐）ofself-abnegation（自欺欺人）andsaytohimselfandtotheworld,"

Iamsomebody.Iamaperson.Iamamanwithdignityandhonor.Ihavearichandnoblehistory.Howpainfulandexploited（剥削的）thathistoryhasbeen.Yes,IwasaslavethroughmyforeparentsandIamnotashamedofthat.I'

mashamedofthepeoplewhoweresosinfultomakemeaslave."

Yes,wemuststandupandsay,"

I'

mblackandI'

mbeautiful,"

andthisself-affirmationistheblackman'

sneed,madecompelling（必须承认的）bythewhiteman'

scrimesagainsthim.

6Anotherbasicchallengeistodiscoverhowtoorganizeourstrengthintermsofeconomicandpoliticalpower.NoonecandenythattheNegroisindireneedof（急需）thiskindoflegitimatepower.Indeed,oneofthegreatproblemsthattheNegroconfrontsishislackofpower.Fromoldplantations（种植园）oftheSouthtonewerghettos（贫民区）oftheNorth,theNegrohasbeenconfinedtoalifeofvoicelessness沉默andpowerlessness.Strippedoftherighttomakedecisionsconcerninghislifeanddestiny命运hehasbeensubjecttotheauthoritarian（专制独裁者）andsometimeswhimsical（异想天开的）decisionsofthiswhitepowerstructure.Theplantationandghettowerecreatedbythosewhohadpower.bothtoconfinethosewhohadnopowerandtoperpetuatetheirpowerlessness.Theproblemoftransformingtheghetto,therefore,isaproblemofpowerconfrontation（对抗）oftheforcesofpowerdemandingchangeandtheforcesofpowerdedicatedtothepreservingofthestatusquo.Nowpowerproperlyunderstoodisnothingbuttheabilitytoachievepurpose.Itisthestrengthrequiredtobringaboutsocial,politicalandeconomicchange.WalterReutherdefinedpoweroneday.Hesaid,"

PoweristheabilityofalaborunionliketheU.A.W.tomakethemostpowerfulcorporationintheworld,GeneralMotors,say'

Yes'

whenitwantstosay'

No.'

That'

spower."

7Nowalotofusarepreachers（说教者）,andallofushaveourmoralconvictionsandconcerns,andsooftenhaveproblemswithpower.Thereisnothingwrongwithpowerifpowerisusedcorrectly.Yousee,whathappenedisthatsomeofourphilosophersgotoffbase.Andoneofthegreatproblemsofhistoryisthattheconceptsofloveandpowerhaveusuallybeencontrastedasopposites-polaroppositethatloveisidentifiedwitharesignation（顺从）ofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.

8ItwasthismisinterpretationthatcausedNietzsche尼采,whowasaphilosopherofthewilltopower,torejecttheChristianconceptoflove.ItwasthissamemisinterpretationwhichinducedChristiantheologians（神学家）torejecttheNietzscheanphilosophyofthewilltopowerinthenameoftheChristianideaoflove.Now,we'

vegottogetthisthingright.Whatisneededisarealizationthatpowerwithoutloveisreckless（轻率鲁莽的）andabusive（攻击性的）,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic（贫血的）.Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.Andthisiswhatwemustseeaswemoveon.Whathashappenedisthatwehavehaditwrongandconfusedinourowncountry,andthishasledNegroAmericansinthepasttoseektheirgoalsthroughpowerdevoid（缺乏）ofloveandconscience.

9ThisisleadingafewextremiststodaytoadvocateforNegroesthesamedestructiveandconsciencelesspowerthattheyhavejustlyabhorred（厌恶）inwhites.Itispreciselythiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralitywhichconstitutesthemajorcrisisofourtimes.↑politicalpower

10Wemustdevelopaprogramthatwilldrivethenationtoaguaranteedannualincome.Now,earlyinthiscenturythisproposalwouldhavebeengreetedwithridiculeanddenunciation（谴责）,asdestructiveofinitiativeandresponsibility.Atthattimeeconomicstatuswasconsideredthemeasureoftheindividual'

sabilityandtalents.And,inthethinkingofthatday,theabsenceofworldlygoodsindicatedawantofindustrious（勤劳的）habitsandmoralfiber.We'

vecomealongwayinourunderstandingofhumanmotivationandoftheblindoperationofoureconomicsystem.Nowwerealizethatdislocations（脱位混乱）inthemarketoperationsofoureconomyandtheprevalenceofdiscriminationthrustpeopleinto（投身于）idleness（闲散）andbindtheminconstantorfrequentunemploymentagainsttheirwill.Todaythepoorarelessoftendismissed,Ihope,fromourconsciencesbybeingbrandedasinferiororincompetent.Wealsoknowthatnomatterhowdynamicallytheeconomydevelopsandexpands,itdoesnoteliminateallpoverty.

11Theproblemindicatesthatouremphasismustbetwofold.Wemustcreatefullemploymentorwemustcreateincomes.Peoplemustbemadeconsumersbyonemethodortheother.Oncetheyareplacedinthispositionweneedtobeconcernedthatthepotentialoftheindividualisnotwasted.Newformsofworkthatenhancethesocialgoodwillhavetobedevisedforthoseforwhomtraditionaljobsarenotavailable.InI879HenryGeorgeanticipated（预料，预见）thisstateofaffairswhenhewroteinProgressandPoverty:

12Thefactisthattheworkwhichimprovestheconditionofmankind,theworkwhichextendsknowledgeandincreasespowerandenrichesliteratureandelevatesthought,isnotdonetosecurealiving.Itisnottheworkofslavesdriventotheirtaskseitherbythetask,bythetaskmaster（工头）,orbyanimalnecessity.Itistheworkofmenwhosomehowfindaformofworkthatbringsasecurityforitsownsakeandastateofsocietywherewant（缺乏）isabolished.

13Workofthissortcouldbeenormouslyincreased,andwearelikelytofindthattheproblemsofhousingandeducation,insteadofprecedingtheeliminationofpoverty,willthemselvesbeaffectedifpovertyisfirstabolished.Thepoortransformedintopurchaserswilldoagreatdealontheirown（靠自己的力量）toalterhousingdecay.Negroeswhohaveadoubledisabilitywillhaveagreatereffectondiscriminationwhentheyhavetheadditionalweaponofcashtouseintheirstruggle.

14Beyondtheseadvantages,ahostof（大量的）positivepsychologicalchangesinevitablywillresultfromwidespreadeconomicsecurity.Thedignityoftheindividualwillflourishwhenthedecisionsconcerninghislifeareinhisownhands,